Muchikamu chino tichataura nezve izvo zvekutanga zvekutora uye kuongorora SIP traffic inogadzirwa ne3CX PBX. Chinyorwa ichi chinotaurirwa kune vanotanga sisitimu maneja kana vashandisiwo zvavo vane mabasa anosanganisira kuchengetwa kwefoni. Kuti uwane ruzivo rwakadzama rwemusoro wenyaya, tinokurudzira kupfuurira .
3CX V16 inokutendera kuti utore SIP traffic zvakananga kuburikidza nesevha webhu interface uye uichengetedze mune yakajairwa Wireshark PCAP fomati. Iwe unogona kubatanidza iyo yekubata faira kana uchibata tekinoroji rutsigiro kana kurodha pasi kuti uongorore yakazvimirira.
Kana 3CX ichimhanya paWindows, iwe uchafanirwa kuisa Wireshark pane 3CX server iwe pachako. Zvikasadaro, iyo inotevera meseji ichaonekwa paunoyedza kutora.
PaLinux masisitimu, iyo tcpdump yekushandisa inoiswa otomatiki paunenge uchiisa kana kugadzirisa 3CX.
Traffic capture
Kuti utange kutora, enda kune iyo interface chikamu Kumba> SIP Zviitiko uye sarudza iyo interface yekubata. Iwe unogona zvakare kutora traffic pane ese maficha panguva imwe chete, kunze kweIPv6 tunneling nzvimbo.
Mu3CX yeLinux, unogona kutora traffic kune yemuno host (lo). Uku kubatwa kunoshandiswa kuongorora SIP mutengi kubatana uchishandisa tekinoroji .
Bhatani reTraffic Capture rinotangisa Wireshark paWindows kana tcpdump paLinux. Panguva ino, iwe unofanirwa kukurumidza kubereka dambudziko, nekuti ... kubata ndeye CPU yakadzika uye inotora huwandu hwakaringana hwedhisiki nzvimbo.
Teerera kune anotevera ma paramita ekufona:
- Nhamba yabva kufona, kwaichaya dzimwe nhamba/vatori vechikamu parunhare.
- Iyo chaiyo nguva dambudziko rakaitika zvinoenderana ne3CX server wachi.
- Call nzira.
Edza kusadzvanya chero kupi mune interface kunze kwebhatani rekuti "Misa". Zvakare, usadzvanye pane mamwe malink ari mubrowser window rino. Zvikasadaro, kubatwa kwetraffic kunoenderera kumashure uye kunozokonzera kuwedzera mutoro pane server.
Kugamuchira Capture File
Iyo Stop bhatani inomisa kubatwa uye inochengetedza iyo yekutora faira. Unogona kudhawunirodha faira pakombuta yako kuti iongororwe muWireshark utility kana kugadzira yakakosha faira , iyo inosanganisira iyi yekutora uye mamwe madebugging ruzivo. Kana yangodhawunirodha kana kusanganisirwa mupakeji yekutsigira, iyo faira yekutora inobviswa otomatiki kubva ku3CX server nekuda kwekuchengetedza.
Pa 3CX server iyo faira iri munzvimbo inotevera:
- Windows: C:ProgramData3CXInstance1DataLogsdump.pcap
- Linux: /var/lib/3cxpbx/Instance/Data/Logs/dump.pcap
Kuti udzivise kuwedzera sevha mutoro kana kurasikirwa kwepaketi panguva yekubata, nguva yekutora inogumira kune 2 miriyoni mapaketi. Mushure meizvi, kubatwa kunomira otomatiki. Kana iwe uchida kubatwa kwenguva refu, shandisa iyo yakaparadzana Wireshark utility sezvinotsanangurwa pazasi.
Bata traffic neWireshark utility
Kana iwe uchifarira kudzika ongororo yetiweki traffic, itore nemaoko. Dhawunirodha iyo Wireshark yekushandisa kune yako OS . Mushure mekuisa utility pane 3CX server, enda kuna Capture> Interfaces. Yese network network yeOS icharatidzwa pano. Interface IP kero inogona kuratidzwa muIPv6 standard. Kuti uone iyo IPv4 kero, tinya iyo IPv6 kero.
Sarudza chimiro chekutora uye tinya bhatani reSarudzo. Uncheck Capture Traffic mune unzenza modhi uye siya zvimwe zvese zvisina kuchinjwa.
Zvino iwe unofanirwa kudzokorora dambudziko racho. Kana dambudziko raburitswa, rega kutora (Menu Capture> Mira). Unogona kusarudza SIP mameseji muTerefoni> SIP Inoyerera menyu.
Traffic Analysis Basics - SIP INVITE Message
Ngatitarisei minda mikuru yeSIP INVITE meseji, inotumirwa kumisikidza kufona kweVoIP, i.e. ndiyo inotangira ongororo. Kazhinji, SIP INVITE inosanganisira kubva ku4 kusvika ku6 minda ine ruzivo runoshandiswa neSIP end midziyo (nhare, magedhi) uye telecom operators. Kunzwisisa zviri muINVITE nemameseji anoitevera zvinogona kubatsira kuona panobva dambudziko. Pamusoro pezvo, ruzivo rweminda yeINVITE inobatsira kana uchibatanidza SIP operators ku3CX kana kubatanidza 3CX nemamwe maSIP PBX.
Mune iyo INVITE meseji, vashandisi (kana SIP zvishandiso) vanozivikanwa neURI. Kazhinji, SIP URI ndiyo nhamba yefoni yemushandisi + SIP server kero. Iyo SIP URI yakada kufanana nekero ye-e-mail uye yakanyorwa se sip:x@y:Port.
Chikumbiro-Mutsetse-URI:
Chikumbiro-Mutsetse-URI - Munda une anogamuchira wekufona. Iyo ine ruzivo rwakafanana neyeKumunda, asi pasina zita remushandisi.
Via:
Via - yega yega SIP server (proxy) iyo iyo INVITE chikumbiro inopfuura inowedzera yayo IP kero uye chiteshi pakagamuchirwa meseji pamusoro peiyo Via runyorwa. Mharidzo inobva yaendeswa mberi munzira. Kana mugamuchiri wekupedzisira apindura chikumbiro cheKUKONZA, manodhi ese ekufambisa "tarisa kumusoro" musoro weVia uye wodzosera meseji kumutumiri nenzira imwe cheteyo. Muchiitiko ichi, iyo SIP proxy inobvisa data yayo kubva kumusoro.
From:
Kubva - iyo musoro inoratidza chikumbiro chekutanga kubva pakuona kweSIP server. Musoro unoumbwa nenzira imwechete sekero ye-e-mail (mushandisi@domain, apo mushandisi ndiyo nhamba yekuwedzera yemushandisi we3CX, uye domain inzvimbo yeIP kero kana SIP domain ye3CX server). Kufanana neKumusoro, iyo Kubva kumusoro ine URI uye sarudzo yemushandisi Zita reKuratidza. Nekutarisa Kubva kumusoro, unogona kunyatsonzwisisa kuti ichi chikumbiro cheSIP chinofanira kuitwa sei.
Iyo SIP yakajairwa RFC 3261 inotaura kuti kana Zita reKuratidza rikasatambidzwa, IP nhare kana VoIP gedhi (UAC) inofanira kushandisa Zita rekuratidzira "Anonymous", semuenzaniso, Kubva: "Asingazivikanwe"[email inodzivirirwa]>.
Ku:
Ku - Uyu musoro unoratidza anogamuchira chikumbiro. Uyu anogona kunge ari wekupedzisira kugamuchira kufona kana yepakati link. Kazhinji musoro une SIP URI, asi zvimwe zvirongwa zvinogoneka (ona RFC 2806 [9]). Nekudaro, SIP URIs inofanirwa kutsigirwa mune zvese kuita kweSIP protocol, zvisinei nemugadziri wehardware. Iyo Kumusoro inogona zvakare kuve neZita rekuratidzira, semuenzaniso, Ku: "Zita rekutanga Zita rekupedzisira"[email inodzivirirwa]>).
Kazhinji iyo Kumunda ine SIP URI inonongedza kune yekutanga (inotevera) SIP proxy inozogadzirisa chikumbiro. Uyu haafaniri kunge ari mugamuchiri wekupedzisira wechikumbiro.
Contact:
Bata - iyo musoro ine SIP URI iyo iwe yaunogona kubata nayo anotumira weINVITE chikumbiro. Uyu musoro unodiwa uye unofanira kunge uine SIP URI imwe chete. Icho chikamu chenzira mbiri dzekutaurirana dzinoenderana neyekutanga SIP INVITE chikumbiro. Zvinonyanya kukosha kuti Musoro weKubata une ruzivo rwakakwana (kusanganisira IP kero) apo mutumiri wechikumbiro anotarisira mhinduro. URI Kubata inoshandiswawo mukuwedzera kutaurirana, mushure mekunge musangano wekutaurirana wamiswa.
Bvumira:
Bvumira - munda une runyoro rwema parameter (SIP nzira), akaparadzaniswa nemakoma. Vanotsanangura izvo SIP protocol inokwanisa kupihwa mutumi (mudziyo) inotsigira. Rondedzero yakazara yenzira: ACK, BYE, CANCEL, INFO, KOKA, ZIVA, ZVINODA, PRACK, REFER, REGISTER, SUBSCRIBE, UPDATE. Nzira dzeSIP dzinotsanangurwa zvakadzama .
Source: www.habr.com