Musoro wechidzidzo chanhasi ndeweRIP, kana routing information protocol. Tichataura pamusoro pezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvekushandiswa kwayo, magadzirirwo ayo uye zvisingakwanisi. Sezvandakataura, RIP haisi chikamu cheCisco 200-125 CCNA kosi yedzidzo, asi ndakafunga kupa chidzidzo chakasiyana kune iyi protocol sezvo RIP iri imwe yenzira huru dzenzira.
Nhasi tichatarisa zvinhu zvitatu: kunzwisisa kushanda uye kumisikidza RIP muma routers, RIP timers, RIP zvirambidzo. Iyi protocol yakagadzirwa muna 3, saka ndeimwe yekare kare network protocol. Kubatsira kwayo kuri mukupfava kwayo kunoshamisa. Nhasi, michina yakawanda yetiweki, kusanganisira Cisco, inoramba ichitsigira RIP nekuti haisi proprietary protocol seEIGRP, asi protocol yeruzhinji.
Kune 2 shanduro dzeRIP. Yekutanga, yekirasi vhezheni, haitsigire VLSM - iyo inoshanduka kureba subnet mask pane iyo classless IP kero yakavakirwa, saka isu tinogona chete kushandisa network imwe chete. Ndichataura nezvazvo pave paya. Iyi vhezheni zvakare haitsigire huchokwadi.
Ngatitii une ma routers maviri akabatana kune mumwe nemumwe. Muchiitiko ichi, router yekutanga inoudza muvakidzani wayo zvose zvaanoziva. Ngatiti network 2 yakabatana kune yekutanga router, network 10 iri pakati pekutanga neyechipiri router, uye network 20 iri kuseri kweyechipiri router. Zvino yekutanga router inoudza yechipiri kuti inoziva network 30 uye 10, uye router 20 inoudza. router 2 iyo inoziva nezve network 1 uye network 30.
Iyo routing protocol inoratidza kuti aya maviri network anofanirwa kuwedzerwa patafura yenzira. Kazhinji, zvinoitika kuti imwe router inoudza router yepedyo nezve network yakabatana nayo, iyo inoudza muvakidzani wayo, nezvimwe. Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, RIP iprotocol yemakuhwa inobvumira vavakidzani ma routers kuti vagovane ruzivo kune mumwe nemumwe, nemuvakidzani mumwe nemumwe achitenda zvavanenge vaudzwa. Router yega yega "inoteerera" shanduko mune network uye inogovera ivo nevavakidzani vayo.
Kushaikwa kwerutsigiro rwechokwadi kunoreva kuti chero router yakabatana kunetiweki pakarepo inova mutori akazara. Kana ini ndichida kuunza pasi network, ini ndichabatanidza hacker router yangu nekuvandudza kwakashata kwairi, uye sezvo mamwe ma routers achivimba nayo, ivo vanovandudza matafura avo ekufambisa nenzira yandinoda. Iyo yekutanga vhezheni yeRIP haipe chero dziviriro kubva mukubira kwakadaro.
MuRIPv2, unogona kupa huchokwadi nekugadzirisa router zvakakodzera. Muchiitiko ichi, kuvandudza ruzivo pakati pe routers zvinongogoneka mushure mekupfuura network yechokwadi nekuisa password.
RIPv1 inoshandisa kutepfenyura, kureva kuti, zvese zvinogadziridzwa zvinotumirwa uchishandisa mameseji ekutepfenyura kuitira kuti agamuchirwe nevose vanotora network. Ngatitii pane komputa yakabatana kune yekutanga router iyo isingazive chero chinhu nezve izvi zvigadziriso nekuti chete madhizaini ekufambisa anoada. Nekudaro, router 1 inotumira aya mameseji kune ese maturusi ane Broadcast ID, ndiko kuti, kunyangwe avo vasingaide.
Muchikamu chechipiri cheRIP, dambudziko iri rinogadziriswa - rinoshandisa Multicast ID, kana multicast traffic transmission. Muchiitiko ichi, izvo chete zvigadziri zvakatsanangurwa muprotocol marongero anogamuchira zvigadziriso. Pamusoro pehuchokwadi, iyi vhezheni yeRIP inotsigira VLSM classless IP kero. Izvi zvinoreva kuti kana iyo 10.1.1.1/24 network yakabatana kune yekutanga router, ipapo ese mambure etiweki ane IP kero iri mukero yekero ye subnet iyi zvakare inogashira zvigadziriso. Yechipiri vhezheni yeprotocol inotsigira nzira yeCIDR, ndiko kuti, kana yechipiri router inogamuchira inogadziridza, inoziva kuti ndeipi chaiyo network kana nzira yainobata. Panyaya yevhezheni yekutanga, kana network 10.1.1.0 yakabatana nerouter, ipapo zvigadziriso pane network 10.0.0.0 uye mamwe ma network ari ekirasi imwechete achagamuchirawo zvigadziriso. Muchiitiko ichi, router 2 ichagamuchirawo ruzivo rwakakwana pamusoro pekuvandudzwa kwehutano huno, asi pasina CIDR haizozivi kuti ruzivo urwu rune chekuita ne subnet ine kirasi A IP kero.
Izvi ndizvo zviri RIP mune zvakajairika. Zvino ngatitarisei kuti ingagadziriswa sei. Iwe unofanirwa kuenda kune yepasi rose yekumisikidza maitiro eiyo router marongero uye shandisa iyo Router RIP kuraira.
Mushure meizvi, iwe uchaona kuti iyo yekuraira mutsara musoro wachinja kuita R1 (config-router) # nekuti isu tatamira kune router subcommand level. Murairo wechipiri uchava Version 2, kureva kuti, tinoratidza router kuti inofanira kushandisa shanduro 2 yeprotocol. Tevere, isu tinofanirwa kuisa kero yeiyo yakashambadzirwa classful network pamusoro pezvigadziriso zvinofanirwa kufambiswa uchishandisa network XXXX command.. Uyu murairo une 2 mabasa: chekutanga, unotsanangura kuti ndeupi network inoda kushambadzirwa, uye chechipiri, iyo interface inoda kushandiswa. nokuda kweizvi. Iwe uchaona zvandiri kureva kana iwe uchitarisa kune network kumisikidza.
Pano tine 4 routers uye komputa yakabatana nekuchinja kuburikidza netiweki ine identifier 192.168.1.0/26, iyo yakakamurwa kuita 4 subnets. Isu tinoshandisa chete 3 subnets: 192.168.1.0/26, 192.168.1.64/26 uye 192.168.1.128/26. Tichiri ne subnet 192.168.1.192/26, asi haina kushandiswa nokuti haidiwi.
The mudziyo zviteshi vane zvinotevera IP kero: kombiyuta 192.168.1.10, wokutanga chiteshi routa yokutanga 192.168.1.1, yechipiri chiteshi 192.168.1.65, chiteshi chechipiri router 192.168.1.66, chiteshi chechipiri chechipiri router 192.168.1.129. chiteshi chekutanga chechitatu router 192.168.1.130. 1 . Nguva yekupedzisira takataura nezvemagungano, saka handigoni kutevera gungano uye kugovera kero .1 kune yechipiri chiteshi che router, nokuti .XNUMX haisi chikamu chetiweki iyi.
Zvadaro, ndinoshandisa dzimwe kero, nokuti tinotanga imwe network - 10.1.1.0/16, saka chiteshi chechipiri chechipiri router, iyo iyi network yakabatanidzwa, ine IP kero ye10.1.1.1, uye chiteshi chechina. router, iyo iyo shanduko yakabatanidzwa - kero 10.1.1.2.
Kugadzirisa network yandakasika, ndinofanira kugovera IP kero kumidziyo. Ngatitangei nechiteshi chekutanga che router yekutanga.
Kutanga, isu tichagadzira zita remuenzi R1, topa kero 0 kuchiteshi f0/192.168.1.1 uye tsanangura subnet mask 255.255.255.192, sezvo tine /26 network. Ngatipedze kurongeka kweR1 neiyo no shut shut command. Chiteshi chechipiri cheiyo yekutanga router f0/1 ichagamuchira IP kero ye 192.168.1.65 uye subnet mask ye 255.255.255.192.
Yechipiri router ichagamuchira zita reR2, isu tichapa kero 0 uye subnet mask 0 kune yekutanga port f192.168.1.66/255.255.255.192, kero 0 uye subnet mask 1 kune yechipiri port f192.168.1.129/255.255.255.192. XNUMX.
Tichienda kune rechitatu router, tichavapa iro zita remuenzi R3, port f0/0 ichagamuchira kero 192.168.1.130 uye mask 255.255.255.192, uye port f0/1 ichagamuchira kero 10.1.1.1 uye mask 255.255.0.0. 16, nekuti iyi network ndeye /XNUMX.
Pakupedzisira, ndichaenda kune yekupedzisira router, itumidze iyo R4, uye ipa port f0/0 kero ye 10.1.1.2 uye mask ye 255.255.0.0. Saka, isu takagadzirisa ese maturusi etiweki.
Pakupedzisira, ngatitarisei magadzirirwo etiweki ekombuta - ine static IP kero ye 192.168.1.10, hafu-neti mask ye 255.255.255.192, uye kero yekusagadzika gedhi ye192.168.1.1.
Saka, iwe waona maitiro ekugadzirisa iyo subnet mask yemidziyo pane akasiyana subnets, zviri nyore kwazvo. Zvino ngatigonese routing. Ini ndinoenda muR1 marongero, isa iyo yepasirese yekumisikidza modhi uye nyora iyo router command. Mushure meizvi, sisitimu inopa mazano ezvingangoitika maprotocol emurairo uyu: bgp, eigrp, ospf uye rip. Sezvo dzidziso yedu iri yeRIP, ndiri kushandisa iyo router rip command.
Kana iwe ukanyora mucherechedzo wemubvunzo, iyo sisitimu inoburitsa ratidziro nyowani yeinotevera rairo ine sarudzo dzinogoneka dzemabasa eiyi protocol: otomatiki-pfupiso - otomatiki pfupiso yenzira, default-ruzivo - kutonga kwekuratidzwa kweiyo default ruzivo, network. - network, nguva, zvichingodaro. Pano iwe unogona kusarudza ruzivo rwatinozochinjana nemidziyo yakavakidzana. Basa rinonyanya kukosha ndiro shanduro, saka tichatanga nekupinda murairo wevhezheni 2. Zvadaro tinoda kushandisa network key command, iyo inogadzira nzira ye IP network yakataurwa.
Tichaenderera mberi nekugadzirisa Router1 gare gare, asi ikozvino ndinoda kuenda kuRouter 3. Ndisati ndashandisa murairo wetiweki pairi, ngatitarisei kurutivi rworudyi rwetology yedu yetiweki. Chiteshi chechipiri che router chine kero 10.1.1.1. RIP inoshanda sei? Kunyangwe mune yayo yechipiri vhezheni, RIP, seyakare kare protocol, ichiri kushandisa yayo yega network makirasi. Nokudaro, kunyange zvazvo network yedu 10.1.1.0/16 iri yekirasi A, tinofanira kutsanangura kirasi yakazara yeiyi IP kero tichishandisa network 10.0.0.0 command.
Asi kunyange kana ndikanyora murairo wetiweki 10.1.1.1 uye zvino tarisa kugadzirisa ikozvino, ndichaona kuti hurongwa hwakagadzirisa 10.1.1.1 kusvika 10.0.0.0, zvichishandisa shanduro yakazara-class addressing format. Saka kana ukasangana nemubvunzo nezveRIP pabvunzo yeCCNA, uchafanirwa kushandisa yakazara-kirasi kero. Kana pachinzvimbo che10.0.0.0 ukanyora 10.1.1.1 kana 10.1.0.0, unenge wakanganisa. Kunyangwe chokwadi chekuti kutendeuka kune yakazara-kirasi kero fomu kunoitika otomatiki, ini ndinokupa zano kuti utange washandisa kero chaiyo kuti usamirire kusvika sisitimu yagadzirisa chikanganiso. Rangarira - RIP inogara ichishandisa yakazara-kirasi network kero.
Mushure mekunge mashandisa network 10.0.0.0 murairo, router yechitatu ichaisa iyi yegumi network muprotocol yenzira uye kutumira iyo yekuvandudza pamwe neR3-R4 nzira. Iye zvino unofanirwa kugadzirisa routing protocol yechina router. Ndinoenda muzvirongwa zvayo uye sequentially kupinda mirairo router rip, shanduro 2 uye network 10.0.0.0. Nemurairo uyu ndinokumbira R4 kuti itange kushambadza network 10. uchishandisa RIP routing protocol.
Iye zvino ma routers maviri aya anogona kuchinjana ruzivo, asi hapana chaizochinja. Kushandisa show ip nzira yekuraira kunoratidza kuti FastEthernrt port 0/0 yakabatana zvakananga kune network 10.1.0.0. Router yechina, yakagamuchira chiziviso chetiweki kubva kune yechitatu router, ichati: "mukuru, shamwari, ndakagamuchira chiziviso chako chenetiweki yegumi, asi ini ndatoziva nezvazvo, nokuti ndakabatana zvakananga kune iyi network."
Naizvozvo, isu tichadzokera kuR3 marongero uye toisa imwe network ine network network 192.168.1.0 command. Ini zvakare ndinoshandisa iyo yakazara-kirasi kero fomati. Mushure meizvi, router yechitatu ichakwanisa kuzivisa iyo 192.168.1.128 network pamwe neR3-R4 nzira. Sezvandambotaura, RIP i "makuhwa" inoudza vavakidzani vayo vese nezve network nyowani, ichipfuudza ruzivo kubva patafura yenzira kwavari. Kana iwe zvino ukatarisa patafura yerouter yechitatu, unogona kuona iyo data yeaviri network yakabatana nayo.
Ichaendesa iyi data kumigumo yese yenzira kune ese yechipiri neyechina ma routers. Ngatienderere mberi kune maR2 marongero. Ini ndinopinda mirairo imwechete router rip, shanduro 2 uye network 192.168.1.0, uye apa ndipo apo zvinhu zvinotanga kunakidza. Ndinotsanangura network 1.0, asi zviri zviviri network 192.168.1.64/26 uye network 192.168.1.128/26. Naizvozvo, pandinotsanangura network 192.168.1.0, ini ndiri kupa zvehunyanzvi nzira yekutenderera ese ari maviri eiyo router. Izvo zviri nyore ndezvekuti nekuraira kumwe chete iwe unogona kuseta nzira kune ese madoko emudziyo.
Ini ndinotsanangura chaizvo maparamendi akafanana e router R1 uye ndinopa nzira kune ese mainterface nenzira imwecheteyo. Kana iwe zvino watarisa paR1's routing tafura, unogona kuona ese ma network.
Iyi router inoziva nezvese network 1.0 uye network 1.64. Inoziva zvakare nezve network 1.128 uye 10.1.1.0 nekuti inoshandisa RIP. Izvi zvinoratidzwa nemusoro weR mumutsara unoenderana wetafura yekufambisa.
Ndapota teerera kune ruzivo [120/2] - iyi ndiyo nhanho yekutonga, kureva, kuvimbika kwekwakabva ruzivo rwekufambisa. Ukoshi uhwu hunogona kuva hukuru kana hudiki, asi kusarudzika kweRIP ndeye 120. Semuenzaniso, static nzira ine administrative chinhambwe che 1. Iyo yakaderera nhambwe yekutonga, iyo inonyanya kuvimbika protocol. Kana iyo router ine mukana wekusarudza pakati pezvibvumirano zviviri, semuenzaniso pakati peiyo static nzira uye RIP, zvino ichasarudza kuendesa mberi traffic pamusoro peiyo static nzira. Chechipiri kukosha mumaparentheses, /2, ndiyo metric. MuRIP protocol, metric inoreva nhamba yehops. Muchiitiko ichi, network 10.0.0.0/8 inogona kusvika muna 2 hops, ndiko kuti, router R1 inofanira kutumira traffic pamusoro pomumbure 192.168.1.64/26, iyi ndiyo yekutanga hop, uye pamusoro pemambure 192.168.1.128/26, ichi ndicho hop yechipiri, kusvika kunetiweki 10.0.0.0/8 kuburikidza nemudziyo une FastEthernet 0/1 interface ine IP kero 192.168.1.66.
Kuenzanisa, router R1 inogona kusvika network 192.168.1.128 ine administrative chinhambwe 120 mu 1 hop kuburikidza chiratidziro 192.168.1.66.
Iye zvino, kana ukaedza ping interface ye router R0 ne IP kero 4 kubva pakombiyuta PC10.1.1.2, ichabudirira kudzoka.
Kuedza kwekutanga kwakakundikana neMeseji yapera nguva, nekuti kana uchishandisa ARP packet yekutanga inorasika, asi mamwe matatu akadzoserwa zvakabudirira kumugamuchiri. Izvi zvinopa point-to-point kutaurirana pane network uchishandisa iyo RIP routing protocol.
Saka, kuti uvhure kushandiswa kweRIP protocol nerouter, unofanirwa kunyora sequentially mirairo router rip, shanduro 2 uye network <network nhamba / network identifier mune yakazara-kirasi fomu>.
Ngatiende kune iyo R4 marongero uye tiise iyo show ip nzira yekuraira. Iwe unogona kuona iyo network 10. yakabatana zvakananga kune router, uye network 192.168.1.0/24 inowanikwa kuburikidza nechiteshi f0/0 ine IP kero 10.1.1.1 kuburikidza neRIP.
Kana iwe ukateerera kutaridzika kweiyo 192.168.1.0/24 network, iwe uchaona kuti pane dambudziko ne auto-summarization yemigwagwa. Kana otomatiki-pfupiso ikagoneswa, RIP ichapfupisa ese network kusvika 192.168.1.0/24. Ngatitarisei kuti nguva chii. Iyo RIP protocol ine 4 main timers.
Iyo Yekuvandudza timer ine basa reiyo frequency yekutumira zvigadziriso, kutumira maprotocol ega ega masekonzi makumi matatu kune ese mainterfaces anotora chikamu muRIP routing. Izvi zvinoreva kuti inotora tafura yekufambisa uye kuigovera kune ese madoko anoshanda muRIP modhi.
Ngatimbofungidzira kuti tine router 1, iyo yakabatana kune router 2 netiweki N2. Pamberi pekutanga uye mushure mechipiri router pane network N1 uye N3. Router 1 inoudza Router 2 kuti inoziva network N1 neN2 uye inotumira iyo update. Router 2 inoudza Router 1 kuti inoziva network N2 neN3. Muchiitiko ichi, masekondi makumi matatu ega ega ma router ports anochinjana matafura ekufambisa.
Ngatimbofungidzira kuti nekuda kwechimwe chikonzero kubatana kweN1-R1 kwakaputsika uye router 1 haichakwanisi kutaurirana neN1 network. Mushure meizvi, yekutanga router inotumira chete zvigadziriso zvine chekuita neN2 network kune yechipiri router. Router 2, yakagamuchira yekutanga update, ichafunga: "yakanaka, ikozvino ndinofanira kuisa network N1 muInvalid Timer," mushure mezvo inotanga iyo Invalid timer. Kwemasekonzi 180 haizotsinhanisa N1 network zvigadziriso chero munhu, asi mushure menguva ino yenguva inomisa iyo Invalid Timer uye tanga iyo Update Timer zvakare. Kana panguva idzi 180 seconds isingagamuchire chero zvigadziriso kune iyo N1 network, inoiisa muHold Down timer inogara masekonzi 180, ndiko kuti, Hold Down timer inotanga pakarepo mushure mekunge Invalid timer yapera.
Panguva imwecheteyo, imwe, yechina Flush timer iri kushanda, iyo inotanga panguva imwe chete neInvalid timer. Iyi timer inosarudza nguva yenguva pakati pekugamuchira yekupedzisira yakajairwa update nezve network N1 kudzamara network yabviswa patafura yenzira. Saka, kana nguva yeiyi timer inosvika 240 seconds, network N1 inongozobviswa kubva patafura yenzira yechipiri router.
Saka, Gadziridza Timer inotumira zvigadziriso mumasekonzi makumi matatu ega ega. Invalid Timer, iyo inomhanya masekonzi 30 ega ega, inomirira kusvika iyo nyowani yekuvandudza yasvika kune router. Kana ikasasvika, inoisa iyo network munzvimbo yekubatirira, neHold Down Timer ichimhanya masekonzi zana nemakumi masere ega ega. Asi iyo Invalid uye Flush timers inotanga panguva imwe chete, kuitira kuti 180 seconds mushure meFlush yatanga, network isina kutaurwa mukugadzirisa inobviswa kubva patafura yekufambisa. Nguva yenguva idzi inotarwa nekusarudzika uye inogona kuchinjwa. Ndizvo zvakaita RIP nguva.
Zvino ngatienderere mberi tichifunga zvipimo zveRIP protocol, pane akati wandei awo. Imwe yemipimo mikuru ndeye auto-summing.
Ngatidzokere kune network yedu 192.168.1.0/24. Router 3 inoudza Router 4 nezve iyo yese 1.0 network, iyo inoratidzwa ne /24. Izvi zvinoreva kuti ese 256 IP kero panetiweki iyi, kusanganisira ID yetiweki nekero yekutepfenyura, dziripo, zvichireva kuti mameseji kubva kumidziyo ine chero kero yeIP muchikamu chino ichatumirwa kuburikidza netiweki ye10.1.1.1. Ngatitarisei patafura yenzira R3.
Tinoona network 192.168.1.0/26, yakakamurwa kuita 3 subnets. Izvi zvinoreva kuti router inongoziva nezve matatu akatsanangurwa IP kero: 192.168.1.0, 192.168.1.64 uye 192.168.1.128, iyo ndeye /26 network. Asi hapana chainoziva, semuenzaniso, nezvemidziyo ine IP kero iri muyero kubva 192.168.1.192 kusvika 192.168.1.225.
Zvisinei, nokuda kwechimwe chikonzero, R4 inofunga kuti inoziva zvose pamusoro pemotokari iyo R3 inotumira kwairi, ndiko kuti, ese ma IP kero pa 192.168.1.0/24 network, iyo inhema zvachose. Panguva imwecheteyo, ma routers anogona kutanga kudonhedza traffic nekuti "vanonyengera" mumwe nemumwe - mushure mezvose, router 3 haina kodzero yekuudza iyo yechina router kuti inoziva zvese nezve subnets yetiweki iyi. Izvi zvinoitika nekuda kwenyaya inonzi "auto-summing". Izvo zvinoitika kana traffic inofamba ichipfuura akasiyana mahombe network. Semuenzaniso, kwatiri isu, network ine kirasi C kero yakabatana kuburikidza neR3 router kune network ine kirasi A kero.
Iyo R3 router inoona aya mambure akafanana uye inopfupisa nzira dzese mukero imwechete network 192.168.1.0. Ngatirangarirei zvatakataura nezve kupfupikisa nzira dze supernet mune imwe yemavhidhiyo apfuura. Chikonzero chechidimbu chiri nyore - iyo router inotenda kuti imwe yekupinda mutafura yekufambisa, kwatiri iyi ndiyo yekupinda 192.168.1.0/24 [120/1] via 10.1.1.1, iri nani pane 3 zvinyorwa. Kana iyo network iine mazana emadiki madiki, ipapo kana pfupiso yadzimwa, tafura yekufambisa ichave nenhamba huru yekupinda nzira. Naizvozvo, kudzivirira kuunganidzwa kwehuwandu hukuru hweruzivo mumatafura enzira, otomatiki nzira pfupiso inoshandiswa.
Nekudaro, kwatiri isu, nzira dzekupfupisa otomatiki dzinogadzira dambudziko nekuti inomanikidza router kuchinjanisa ruzivo rwenhema. Naizvozvo, isu tinofanirwa kupinda muzvirongwa zveR3 router uye pinda murairo unorambidza auto-pfupiso nzira.
Kuti ndiite izvi, ini ndinonyora sequentially mirairo router rip uye hapana otomatiki-pfupiso. Mushure meizvi, iwe unofanirwa kumirira kusvikira iyo update ichipararira kune network, uye ipapo unogona kushandisa iyo show ip nzira yekuraira muzvirongwa zveR4 router.
Iwe unogona kuona kuti tafura yekufambisa yakachinja sei. Iyo yekupinda 192.168.1.0/24 [120/1] kuburikidza 10.1.1.1 yakachengetedzwa kubva kune yakapfuura vhezheni yetafura, uyezve pane zvinyorwa zvitatu izvo, nekuda kweKuvandudza timer, zvinogadziridzwa ese makumi matatu masekonzi. Iyo Flush timer inova nechokwadi chekuti 30 masekonzi mushure mekuvandudza pamwe ne240 masekonzi, kureva, mushure memasekondi 30, iyi network ichabviswa kubva patafura yekufambisa.
Mambure 192.168.1.0/26, 192.168.1.64/26 uye 192.168.1.128/26 akanyorwa zvakarurama, saka zvino kana traffic rakaitirwa mudziyo 192.168.1.225, kuti mudziyo achadonha nokuti router haazivi apo mudziyo mudziyo iyo kero. Asi muchiitiko chekare, patakanga tine auto-pfupiso yemigwagwa yakabvumira R3, iyi motokari yaizotungamirirwa kune 10.1.1.1 network, iyo yakanga isina kururama zvachose, nokuti R3 inofanira kubva pakarepo idonhe mapepa aya pasina kuvatumira mberi.
Semanetiweki maneja, iwe unofanirwa kugadzira network ine hushoma huwandu husina kufanira traffic. Semuenzaniso, mune iyi kesi hapana chikonzero chekuendesa mberi iyi traffic kuburikidza neR3. Basa rako nderekuwedzera network throughput zvakanyanya sezvinobvira, kudzivirira traffic kuti isatumirwe kumidziyo isingaide.
Iyo inotevera inogumira yeRIP ndeye Loops, kana routing zvishwe. Isu takatotaura nezve network convergence, kana tafura yenzira yakanyatsogadziridzwa. Muchiitiko chedu, router haifaniri kugamuchira zvinyorwa zve 192.168.1.0/24 network kana isingazivi chinhu nezvazvo. Nehunyanzvi, convergence inoreva kuti tafura yekufambisa inovandudzwa chete neruzivo rwakakwana. Izvi zvinofanirwa kuitika kana router yakadzimwa, yadzoserwa, yabatanidzwazve kune network, nezvimwe. Convergence inzvimbo umo zvese zvinodikanwa zvekugadzirisa tafura zvakapedzwa uye ese anodiwa kuverenga akaitwa.
RIP ine yakashata kwazvo convergence uye yakanyanya, inononoka nzira protocol. Nekuda kwekunonoka uku, routing Loops, kana "infinite counter" dambudziko, inomuka.
Ini ndichadhirowa dhiyabhorosi yetiweki yakafanana neyekare muenzaniso - router 1 yakabatana kune router 2 netiweki N2, network N1 yakabatana kune router 1, uye network N2 yakabatana kune router 3. Ngatifungei kuti nekuda kwechimwe chikonzero kubatana kweN1-R1 kwakaputsika.
Router 2 inoziva kuti network N1 inosvikika mune imwe hop kuburikidza nerouter 1, asi iyi network haisi kushanda parizvino. Mushure mokunge mambure akundikana, nguva yenguva inotanga, router 1 inoiisa muHold Down state, nezvimwe zvakadaro. Zvisinei, router 2 ine Update timer inomhanya, uye panguva yakatarwa inotumira update kune router 1, iyo inotaura kuti network N1 inowanikwa kuburikidza nayo mumahops maviri. Iyi update inosvika kune router 1 isati yawana nguva yekutumira router 2 update pamusoro pekukundikana kwetiweki N1.
Mushure mekugamuchira iyi update, router 1 inofunga: "Ndinoziva kuti N1 network yakabatana neni haisi kushanda nokuda kwechimwe chikonzero, asi router 2 yakandiudza kuti inowanikwa kuburikidza nayo mumahop maviri. Ini ndinomutenda, saka ini ndichawedzera hop imwe, ndigadzirise tafura yangu yekufambisa uye kutumira router 2 inogadziridza ichiti network N1 inowanikwa kuburikidza ne router 2 mumahops matatu!
Mushure mekugamuchira iyi update kubva kune yekutanga router, router 2 inoti: "Zvakanaka, kare ndakagamuchira update kubva kuR1, iyo yakataura kuti N1 network inowanikwa kuburikidza nayo mune imwe hop. Ikozvino akandiudza kuti inowanikwa mu3 hops. Zvichida chimwe chinhu chachinja munetiweki, handigone kubatsira asi kuzvitenda, saka ndichagadzirisa tafura yangu yekufambisa nekuwedzera imwe hop. " Mushure meizvi, R2 inotumira update kune yekutanga router, iyo inotaura kuti network N1 ikozvino yave kuwanikwa mu 4 hops.
Urikuona here kuti dambudziko nderei? Ma router ese ari maviri anotumira zvigadziriso kune mumwe nemumwe, achiwedzera hop imwe nguva imwe neimwe, uye pakupedzisira nhamba yehops inosvika kune yakakura nhamba. MuRIP protocol, nhamba yakawanda yehops ndeye 16, uye pakarepo painosvika kukosha uku, router inoziva kuti pane dambudziko uye inongobvisa nzira iyi kubva patafura yekufambisa. Iri ndiro dambudziko rekufambisa zvishwe muRIP. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuti RIP iri chinhambwe vector protocol; inongotarisa chinhambwe, pasina kuterera kune mamiriro etiweki zvikamu. Muna 1969, apo macomputer network ainonoka kupfuura zvaari iye zvino, mafambisirwo emufambo wevector akaruramiswa, saka vagadziri veRIP vakasarudza hop kuverenga seye metric huru. Nekudaro, nhasi nzira iyi inogadzira matambudziko mazhinji, saka ma network emazuva ano akachinjika kune mamwe maprotocol epamberi, akadai seOSPF. De facto, iyi protocol yave chiyero kune network yemakambani mazhinji epasi rose. Tichatarisa iyi protocol zvakadzama mune imwe yemavhidhiyo anotevera.
Hatichadzokeri kuRIP, nekuti uchishandisa muenzaniso weiyi yekare network protocol, ndakuudza zvakakwana nezve izvo zvekutanga nzira uye matambudziko nekuda kwavanoedza kusashandisa iyi protocol kune yakakura network. Muzvidzidzo zvevhidhiyo zvinotevera tichatarisa maitiro emazuva ano ekufambisa - OSPF neEIGRP.
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Source: www.habr.com