Nhasi tichanyatso tarisisa mamwe maitiro ekufambisa. Ndisati ndatanga, ndinoda kupindura mubvunzo wemudzidzi nezve yangu social media account. Kuruboshwe ndakaisa zvinongedzo kumapeji ekambani yedu, uye kurudyi - kumapeji angu ega. Ziva kuti ini handiwedzeri munhu kushamwari dzangu dzeFacebook kana ndisingavazive ini, saka musanditumire zvikumbiro zveshamwari.
Iwe unogona kungonyorera kune yangu Facebook peji uye ziva nezvese zviitiko. Ini ndinopindura mameseji ari paLinkedIn account yangu, saka inzwa wakasununguka kunditumira meseji ipapo, uye zvechokwadi ndiri kushanda zvakanyanya paTwitter. Pazasi peiyi vhidhiyo tutorial pane zvinongedzo kune ese matanhatu masocial network, saka iwe unogona kuzvishandisa.
Semazuva ose, nhasi tichadzidza misoro mitatu. Yekutanga ndiyo tsananguro yezvakakosha nzira, kwandichakuudza nezve routing matafura, static routing, zvichingodaro. Ipapo isu tichatarisa Inter-Switch routing, kureva kuti nzira inoitika sei pakati pema switch maviri. Pakupera kwechidzidzo, tichazozivana nepfungwa yeInter-VLAN routing, kana imwe switch ichidyidzana nemaVLAN akati wandei uye kuti ma network aya anotaurirana sei. Iyi inyaya inonakidza, uye ungangoda kuidzokorora kakawanda. Pane imwe nyaya inonakidza inonzi Router-on-a-Stick, kana "router padanda."
Saka chii chinonzi routing table? Iyi tafura yakavakirwa pane iyo ma routers anoita sarudzo dzekufambisa. Iwe unogona kuona kuti yakajairwa Cisco router routing tafura inotaridzika sei. Yese Windows komputa zvakare ine tafura yekufambisa, asi ndiyo imwe musoro.
Tsamba R pakutanga kwemutsara zvinoreva kuti nzira inoenda kune 192.168.30.0/24 network inopiwa neRIP protocol, C inoreva kuti network yakabatana zvakananga kune router interface, S inoreva static routing, uye dot mushure. tsamba iyi inoreva kuti nzira iyi ndeye default mumiriri, kana mumiriri weiyo static routing. Kune akatiwandei emhando dze static nzira, uye nhasi tichazozivana nazvo.
Funga, semuenzaniso, yekutanga network 192.168.30.0/24. Mumutsara unoona nhamba mbiri mumabhuraketi akaenzana, akapatsanurwa ne slash, takatotaura nezvavo. Nhamba yekutanga 120 ndiyo nzvimbo yekutonga, iyo inoratidza chiyero chekuvimba munzira iyi. Ngatitii pane imwe nzira mutafura kune iyi network, inoratidzwa nebhii C kana S, ine diki yekutonga daro kukosha, semuenzaniso, 1, sekunge iri static routing. Mune iyi tafura, hauzowana maviri akafanana network kunze kwekunge isu tashandisa michina yakadai seyekuremedza, asi ngatifungei kuti isu tine maviri ekupinda kune imwecheteyo network. Saka, kana iwe ukaona nhamba diki, izvi zvinoreva kuti nzira iyi inofanirwa kuvimba kwakawanda, uye zvinopesana, iyo yakakura kukosha kwechinhambwe chekutonga, kuvimba kushoma kunokodzera nzira iyi. Zvadaro, mutsara unoratidza kuburikidza nechitarisiko icho traffic inofanira kutumirwa - kwatiri isu, iyi ndiyo port 2 FastEthernet192.168.20.1/0. Izvi ndizvo zvikamu zvetafura yekufambisa.
Iye zvino ngatitaurei pamusoro pekuti router inoita sei sarudzo dzekufambisa. Ndataura mumiriri wepamusoro uye zvino ndichakuudza izvo zvinorevei. Ngatitii router yakagamuchira traffic kune network 30.1.1.1, iyo yekupinda iyo isiri mutafura yekufambisa. Kazhinji, iyo router inongodonhedza iyi traffic, asi kana paine yekupinda kune yakasarudzika mumiriri patafura, izvo zvinoreva kuti chero chinhu icho router isingazive nezvacho chichaendeswa kune mukwikwidzi default. Muchiitiko ichi, kupinda kunoratidza kuti motokari inosvika kune network isingazivikanwe kune router inofanira kuendeswa mberi kuburikidza nechiteshi 192.168.10.1. Saka, traffic yetiweki 30.1.1.1 ichatevera nzira iri iyo default candidate.
Kana router ikagamuchira chikumbiro chekumisikidza chinongedzo neIP kero, chekutanga chese chinotarisa kuona kana iyi kero iri mune imwe nzira. Naizvozvo, kana yagamuchira traffic kune network 30.1.1.1, ichatanga yatarisa kuti ione kana kero yayo iri mune imwe routing tafura yekupinda. Saka, kana iyo router inogamuchira traffic ye 192.168.30.1, zvino mushure mekutarisa zvese zvinopinda, ichaona kuti kero iyi iri mu network kero renji 192.168.30.0/24, mushure meiyo inotumira traffic munzira iyi. Kana ikasawana chero manyorerwo chaiwo eiyo 30.1.1.1 network, iyo router inotumira traffic yakarongerwa iyo pamwe chete nemumiriri default nzira. Heano magadzirirwo anoitwa sarudzo: Tanga watarisa manyorerwo enzira dzakanangana patafura, wozoshandisa nzira yevamiriri.
Ngatitarisei zvino mhando dzakasiyana dzema static nzira. Rudzi rwekutanga inzira yekusagadzika, kana nzira yekumisikidza.
Sezvandakataura, kana router ikagamuchira traffic iyo inotaurirwa kunetiweki isingazivikanwe kwairi, inoitumira nenzira yekusarudzika. Iyo yekupinda Gedhi rekupedzisira rekuita ndeye 192.168.10.1 kune network 0.0.0.0 inoratidza kuti nzira yekusagadzika yakamiswa, kureva kuti, "Gedhi rekupedzisira rekuita network 0.0.0.0 ine IP kero ye192.168.10.1." Iyi nzira yakanyorwa mumutsetse wekupedzisira wetafura yekufambisa, iyo inotungamirirwa nebhii S ichiteverwa nedoti.
Iwe unogona kugovera iyi parameter kubva kune yepasi rose configuration mode. Kune yenguva dzose RIP nzira, nyora iyo ip nzira yekuraira, uchitsanangura yakakodzera network ID, mune yedu 192.168.30.0, uye subnet mask 255.255.255.0, uye wozotsanangura 192.168.20.1 seye hop inotevera. Nekudaro, kana iwe ukaisa iyo yakasarudzika nzira, haufanirwe kutsanangura network ID uye mask, iwe unongonyora ip nzira 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0, kureva, pachinzvimbo che subnet mask kero, nyora mazero mana zvakare, uye tsanangura. iyo kero 192.168.20.1 pamagumo emutsara, iyo ichava nzira yekusagadzikana.
Iyo inotevera mhando yeiyo static nzira ndiyo Network Route, kana network nzira. Kuti uise nzira yetiweki, unofanirwa kutsanangura iyo network yese, ndiko kuti, shandisa iyo ip nzira 192.168.30.0 255.255.255.0 kuraira, uko 0 pakupera kwe subnet mask inoreva huwandu hwese hwe256 network kero / 24, uye tsanangura. iyo IP kero yehop inotevera.
Ikozvino ini ndichadhirowa template kumusoro kuratidza murairo wekuseta nzira yekusarudzika uye netiweki nzira. Zvinoita seizvi:
ip nzira yekutanga chikamu chekero chikamu chechipiri chekero .
Kune nzira yakasarudzika, ese ekutanga uye yechipiri zvikamu zvekero zvichave 0.0.0.0, nepo kune network nzira, chikamu chekutanga itiweki ID uye chikamu chechipiri i subnet mask. Tevere, iyo IP kero yetiweki iyo router yakasarudza kugadzira inotevera hop ichave iripo.
Iyo nzira yekugamuchira inogadziriswa uchishandisa iyo IP kero yeiyo chaiyo host. Mune template yekuraira, ichi chichava chikamu chekutanga chekero, kwatiri isu 192.168.30.1, iyo inonongedza kune chaiyo mudziyo. Chikamu chechipiri ndeye subnet mask 255.255.255.255, iyo inonongedza kune IP kero yemumwe muenzi, kwete iyo yese /24 network. Ipapo iwe unofanirwa kutsanangura iyo IP kero yeinotevera hop. Iyi ndiyo nzira yaunokwanisa kuseta nzira yekugamuchira.
Pfupiso nzira inzira pfupiso. Iwe unorangarira kuti isu takambokurukura nyaya yekupfupisa nzira kana isu tine huwandu hwe IP kero. Ngatitorei yekutanga network 192.168.30.0/24 semuenzaniso uye fungidzira kuti tine router R1, iyo iyo network 192.168.30.0/24 yakabatana nemakero mana IP: 192.168.30.4, 192.168.30.5, 192.168.30.6 uye 192.168.30.7. 24 . Iyo slash 256 inoreva kuti kune mazana maviri nemakumi mashanu nenhanhatu kero pane ino network, asi mune ino kesi isu tine mana IP kero chete.
Kana ndikataura kuti motokari yose ye 192.168.30.0/24 network inofanira kupfuura nenzira iyi, inenge iine nhema, nokuti IP kero yakafanana ne192.168.30.1 inogona kunge isingasviki kuburikidza neiyi interface. Nokudaro, munyaya iyi, hatigoni kushandisa 192.168.30.0 sechikamu chekutanga chekero, asi inofanira kutsanangura kuti ndeipi kero ichave iripo. Muchiitiko ichi, 4 kero chaiyo ichave iripo kuburikidza neiyo chaiyo interface, uye mamwe ese etiweki kero kuburikidza neruboshwe interface ye router. Ndicho chikonzero nei tichifanira kumisa pfupiso kana pfupiso nzira.
Kubva pamisimboti yekupfupisa nzira, tinorangarira kuti mune imwe subnet maoctet matatu ekutanga ekero anoramba asina kuchinjika, uye isu tinofanirwa kugadzira subnet inosanganisa ese mana kero. Kuti tiite izvi, tinofanira kutsanangura 4 muchikamu chekutanga chekero, uye shandisa 192.168.30.4 se subnet mask muchikamu chechipiri, apo 255.255.255.252 zvinoreva kuti iyi subnet ine 252 IP kero: .4, .4. , .5 uye .6.
Kana iwe uine zvinyorwa zviviri mutafura yekufambisa: nzira yeRIP ye 192.168.30.0/24 network uye nzira yepfupiso 192.168.30.4/252, zvino maererano nemitemo yekufambisa, Summary nzira ichava nzira yekutanga kune chaiyo traffic. Chese chisina hukama neiyi traffic ichashandisa iyo Network nzira.
Ndizvo zvakaita nzira yekupfupisa - iwe unopfupisa akati wandei ma IP kero uye unogadzira nzira yakaparadzana yavo.
Muboka renzira dzakasimba, mune zvakare inonzi "inoyerera nzira", kana Floating Route. Iyi inzira yekuchengetedza. Inoshandiswa kana paine dambudziko nekubatana kwemuviri pane yakamira nzira ine administrative kureba kukosha kwe 1. Mumuenzaniso wedu, iyi ndiyo nzira kuburikidza ne IP kero 192.168.10.1. nhanho, nzira yekuchengetedza inoyangarara inoshandiswa.
Kuti ushandise nzira yekuchengetedza, pamagumo emutsara wekuraira, panzvimbo ye IP kero yehop inotevera, iyo nekusingaperi ine kukosha kwe 1, tsanangura kukosha kwehop yakasiyana, semuenzaniso, 5. Nzira inoyangarara ndiyo isina kuratidzwa mutafura yekufambisa, nekuti inongoshandiswa mukati kana nzira yakamira isingawanikwe nekuda kwekukuvara.
Kana iwe usinganzwisise chimwe chinhu kubva pane zvandichangobva kutaura, tarisa vhidhiyo iyi zvakare. Kana uchine mibvunzo, unogona kunditumira email uye ini ndichakutsanangurira zvese.
Zvino ngatitangei kutarisa Inter-Switch routing. Kuruboshwe mumufananidzo, kune shanduko inoshumira blue network yedhipatimendi rekutengesa. Kurudyi kune imwe switch inongoshanda chete negreen network yedhipatimendi rekushambadzira. Muchiitiko ichi, mabhii maviri akazvimiririra anoshandiswa anoshumira madhipatimendi akasiyana, sezvo iyi topology isingashandisi yakajairwa VLAN.
Kana iwe uchida kumisa kubatana pakati pezviviri izvi, ndiko kuti, pakati pemambure maviri akasiyana 192.168.1.0/24 uye 192.168.2.0/24, saka unofanirwa kushandisa router. Ipapo ma network aya achakwanisa kuchinjana mapaketi uye kuwana Internet kuburikidza neR1 router. Kana isu takashandisa iyo yakasarudzika VLAN1 kune ese ari maviri switch, achivabatanidza netambo dzemuviri, vaigona kutaurirana. Asi sezvo izvi zvisingagoneke nehunyanzvi nekuda kwekuparadzaniswa kwemanetiweki enzvimbo dzakasiyana dzekutepfenyura, router inodiwa pakutaurirana kwavo.
Ngatifungei kuti imwe neimwe yekuchinja ine 16 ports. Muchiitiko chedu, isu hatishandise zviteshi gumi nemana, sezvo kune makombiyuta maviri chete mune rimwe nerimwe redhipatimendi. Naizvozvo, mune iyi kesi, zvakaringana kushandisa VLAN, sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo unotevera.
Mune ino kesi, yebhuruu VLAN10 uye yegirini VLAN20 vane yavo yekutepfenyura domain. Iyo VLAN10 network yakabatana netambo kune imwe chiteshi cheiyo router, uye VLAN20 network yakabatana kune imwe chiteshi, nepo tambo mbiri dzichibva kune dzakasiyana switch ports. Zvinoita sekuti nekuda kwemhinduro yakanaka iyi, takagadzira hukama pakati pemambure. Zvisinei, sezvo router ine nhamba shoma yezvikepe, isu hatisi kunyatsoshanda mukushandisa kugona kwechigadzirwa ichi, tichivabata nenzira iyi.
Pane imwe sarudzo inoshanda - "router padanda". Panguva imwecheteyo, tinobatanidza chiteshi chekushandura ne trunk kune imwe yezvikepe zve router. Takatotaura kuti nekusingaperi, router hainzwisisi encapsulation maererano ne.1Q standard, saka unoda kushandisa trunk kuti utaure nayo. Muchiitiko ichi, zvinotevera zvinoitika.
Iyo yebhuruu VLAN10 network inotumira traffic kuburikidza nekuchinja kune iyo F0 / 0 interface ye router. Chiteshi ichi chakakamurwa kuita sub-interfaces, imwe neimwe ine IP kero imwe iri mukero renji ye 192.168.1.0/24 network kana iyo 192.168.2.0/24 network. Pane kusava nechokwadi pano - mushure mezvose, kune maviri akasiyana network iwe unofanirwa kuve neaviri akasiyana IP kero. Naizvozvo, kunyangwe hunde iri pakati peiyo switch uye router inogadzirwa pane imwechete yemuviri interface, isu tinofanirwa kugadzira ma subinterface maviri kune yega VLAN. Saka, imwe subinterface ichashanda VLAN10 network, uye yechipiri - VLAN20. Kune yekutanga subinterface, tinoda kusarudza IP kero kubva ku192.168.1.0/24 kero renji, uye yechipiri, kubva 192.168.2.0/24 renji. VLAN10 painotumira pakiti, gedhi richava kero imwe yeIP, uye kana pakiti yatumirwa neVLAN20, kero yechipiri yeIP ichashandiswa segedhi. Muchiitiko ichi, "router padanda" ichaita sarudzo maererano nekufamba kwemotokari kubva kune imwe neimwe yemakomputa maviri ari eVLAN akasiyana. Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, isu tinopatsanura imwe yemuviri router interface kuita maviri kana anopfuura anonzwisisika interfaces.
Ngatione kuti inotaridzika sei muPacket Tracer.
Ndakarerutsa dhayagiramu zvishoma, saka tine PC0 imwe pa192.168.1.10 uye yechipiri PC1 pa192.168.2.10. Pakugadzirisa switch, ndinogovera imwe interface yeVLAN10, imwe yeVLAN20. Ini ndinoenda kuCLI koni uye ndinoisa iyo show ip interface pfupi yekuraira kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti FastEthernet0/2 uye 0/3 interfaces iri kumusoro. Ipapo ini ndinotarisa muVLAN dhatabhesi uye ndoona kuti ese mainterfaces pane switch parizvino chikamu cheiyo default VLAN. Ndobva ndanyora config t ichiteverwa ne int f0/2 munhevedzano kufonera chiteshi kune iyo yekutengesa VLAN yakabatana.
Tevere, ini ndinoshandisa switchport mode yekuwana command. Iyo yekupinda modhi ndiyo yakasarudzika, saka ini ndinongonyora uyu murairo. Mushure meizvozvo, ndinonyora switchport yekuwana VLAN10, uye sisitimu inopindura kuti sezvo network yakadai isipo, ichagadzira VLAN10 pachayo. Kana iwe uchida kugadzira VLAN nemawoko, semuenzaniso, VLAN20, iwe unofanirwa kunyora iyo vlan 20 kuraira, mushure meiyo mutsara wekuraira unochinja kune chaiwo network marongero, uchichinja musoro wayo kubva kuChinja(config) # kuenda kuChinja(config- vlan) #. Tevere, unofanirwa kutumidza iyo yakagadzirwa network MARKETING uchishandisa zita <zita> kuraira. Zvadaro tinogadzirisa iyo f0/3 interface. Ini sequentially ndinopinda switchport mode yekuwana uye switchport yekuwana vlan 20 mirairo, mushure meiyo network yakabatana nechiteshi ichi.
Nekudaro, iwe unogona kugadzirisa switch nenzira mbiri: yekutanga iri kushandisa switchport yekuwana vlan 10 kuraira, mushure meiyo network inogadzirwa otomatiki pane yakapihwa chiteshi, yechipiri ndipo paunotanga kugadzira network wozoisunga kune yakatarwa. port.
Iwe unogona kuita zvimwe chete neVLAN10. Ini ndichadzoka uye ndodzokorora manyorerwo ekugadzirisa maitiro eiyi network: pinda pasi rose configuration mode, isa vlan 10 command, wozotumidza zita rokuti SALES, zvichingodaro. Zvino ini ndichakuratidza zvinoitika kana ukasaita izvi, ndiko kuti, rega iyo system pachayo igadzire VLAN.
Iwe unogona kuona kuti isu tine ese ma network, asi yechipiri, iyo yatakagadzira nemaoko, ine zita rayo MARKETING, nepo yekutanga network, VLAN10, yakagamuchira zita rekutanga VLAN0010. Ndinogona kugadzirisa izvi kana ini zvino ndaisa zita rekuti SALES command mune yepasirese configuration mode. Zvino iwe unogona kuona kuti mushure meizvozvo, yekutanga network yakashandura zita rayo kuita SALES.
Zvino ngatidzokerei kuPacket Tracer tione kana PC0 ichigona kutaurirana nePC1. Kuti ndiite izvi, ini ndichavhura mutsara wemirairo pane yekutanga komputa uye kutumira ping kukero yekombuta yechipiri.
Tinoona kuti pinging yakundikana. Chikonzero ndechekuti PC0 yakatumira chikumbiro cheARP ku192.168.2.10 kuburikidza negedhi 192.168.1.1. Panguva imwecheteyo, komputa yakabvunza chinja kuti ndiani uyu 192.168.1.1. Nekudaro, iyo switch ine chete interface yeVLAN10 network, uye chikumbiro chakagamuchirwa hachigone kuenda chero kupi - chinopinda muchiteshi ichi chofira pano. Iyo komputa haigamuchire mhinduro, saka chikonzero chekutadza kweping chinopiwa senguva yekubuda. Hapana mhinduro yakatambirwa nekuti hapana mumwe mudziyo paVLAN10 kunze kwePC0. Uyezve, kunyangwe makomputa ese ari maviri ari chikamu chenetiweki imwe chete, haaizokwanisa kutaura nekuti ane akasiyana siyana eIP kero. Kuita kuti chirongwa ichi chishande, unofanirwa kushandisa router.
Zvisinei, ndisati ndaratidza nzira yekushandisa router, ndichaita zvishoma zvishoma. Ini ndichabatanidza iyo Fa0/1 chiteshi chekuchinja uye Gig0/0 chiteshi cheiyo router netambo imwe, uyezve kuwedzera imwe tambo ichabatanidzwa neFa0/4 chiteshi chekuchinja uye Gif0/1 chiteshi cheiyo. router.
Ini ndichasunga iyo VLAN10 network kune f0/1 chiteshi chekuchinja, chandichaisa int f0/1 uye switchport yekuwana vlan10 mirairo, uye VLAN20 network kune f0/4 chiteshi uchishandisa int f0/4 uye switchport. kuwana vlan mirairo 20. Kana isu zvino takatarisa VLAN database, zvinogona kuonekwa kuti SALES network inosungirirwa kuFa0 / 1, Fa0 / 2 interfaces, uye network MARKETING inosungirirwa kuFa0 / 3, Fa0 / 4 ports. .
Ngatidzokerei kune router zvakare uye tiise iyo g0 / 0 interface marongero, isa iyo isina kuvhara kuraira uye tipe iyo IP kero kwairi: ip wedzera 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0.
Ngatigadzirisei iyo g0/1 interface nenzira imwechete, tichiigovera iyo kero ip wedzera 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0. Ipapo isu tichakumbira kutiratidza iyo routing tafura, iyo ikozvino ine zvinyorwa zvenetiweki 1.0 uye 2.0.
Ngationei kana chirongwa ichi chinoshanda. Ngatimirirei kusvika zviteshi zviviri zve switch uye router yachinja girini, uye dzokorora ping ye IP kero 192.168.2.10. Sezvauri kuona, zvese zvakashanda!
Komputa yePC0 inotumira chikumbiro cheARP kune switch, switch inoitumira kune router, iyo inotumira kero yayo yeMAC kumakombuta. Mushure meizvozvo, komputa inotumira ping pakiti nenzira imwecheteyo. Iyo router inoziva kuti iyo VLAN20 network yakabatana kune yayo g0 / 1 chiteshi, saka inoitumira kune switch, iyo inoendesa mberi pakiti kunzvimbo yekuenda - PC1.
Ichi chirongwa chinoshanda, asi hachina kukwana, sezvo chinotora 2 router interfaces, ndiko kuti, isu tiri kushandisa zvisina musoro kugona kweiyo router. Naizvozvo, ini ndicharatidza kuti zvakafanana zvingaitwa sei uchishandisa imwe chete interface.
Ini ndichabvisa maviri tambo dhayagiramu uye kudzoreredza kubatana kwekare kwekuchinja uye router netambo imwe. Iyo f0 / 1 interface yekuchinja inofanirwa kuve trunk port, saka ndinodzokera kune switch magadzirirwo uye ndoshandisa switchport mode trunk command yechiteshi ichi. Port f0/4 haichashandiswi. Tevere, isu tinoshandisa show int trunk command kuti tione kana chiteshi chakagadzirwa nemazvo.
Isu tinoona kuti Fa0/1 chiteshi chiri kushanda mu trunk mode uchishandisa iyo 802.1q encapsulation protocol. Ngatitarisei patafura yeVLAN - tinoona kuti F0 / 2 interface inogarwa neVLAN10 redhipatimendi rekutengesa network, uye iyo f0 / 3 interface inogarwa neVLAN20 yekushambadzira network.
Muchiitiko ichi, switch yakabatana kune g0 / 0 chiteshi che router. Muzvirongwa zve router, ini ndinoshandisa int g0/0 uye hapana ip kero mirairo kubvisa IP kero yeiyi interface. Asi iyi interface ichiri kushanda, haisi mumamiriro ekuvhara. Kana iwe uchirangarira, iyo router inofanirwa kugamuchira traffic kubva kune ese ma network - 1.0 uye 2.0. Sezvo shanduko yakabatana kune router ne trunk, ichagamuchira traffic kubva kune yekutanga uye yechipiri network kune router. Zvisinei, ndeipi kero ye IP inofanira kugoverwa kune router interface munyaya iyi?
G0/0 chimiro chemuviri chisina chero IP kero nekusarudzika. Nokudaro, tinoshandisa pfungwa ye subinterface inonzwisisika. Kana ndikanyora int g0/0 pamutsetse, iyo sisitimu ichapa maviri anogoneka ekuraira sarudzo: slash / kana doti. Iyo slash inoshandiswa kana modularizing interfaces senge 0/0/0, uye dot rinoshandiswa kana uine subinterface.
Kana ndikanyora int g0/0. ?, ipapo sisitimu inondipa huwandu hwenhamba dzinobvira dzeGigabitEthernet inonzwisisika subinterface, iyo inoratidzwa mushure meiyo dot: <0 - 4294967295>. Rudzi urwu rune nhamba dzinopfuura mabhiriyoni mana, zvichireva kuti unogona kugadzira akawanda ane musoro subinterfaces.
Ini ndicharatidza nhamba yegumi mushure meiyo doti, iyo inoratidza VLAN10. Iye zvino tatamira kune subinterface marongero, sezvinoratidzwa neshanduko yemusoro weiyo CLI marongero mutsara kuRouter (config-subif) #, mune iyi nyaya inoreva g10/0 subinterface. Iye zvino ndinofanira kuipa IP kero, iyo yandinoshandisa murairo ip kuwedzera 0.10 192.168.1.1. Tisati taseta iyi kero, tinoda kuita encapsulation kuitira kuti subinterface yatakagadzira izive iyo encapsulation protocol yekushandisa - 255.255.255.0q kana ISL. Ini ndinonyora izwi rekuti encapsulation mumutsara, uye sisitimu inopa kunze zvingasarudzwa zvema paramita emurairo uyu.
Ndiri kushandisa iyo encapsulation dot1Q command. Hazvisi zvehunyanzvi zvinodikanwa kuisa uyu murairo, asi ndinonyora kuti ndiudze router kuti ndeipi protocol yekushandisa kushanda neVLAN, nekuti panguva ino inoshanda senge switch, servicing VLAN trunking. Nemurairo uyu, tinoratidza kune router kuti traffic yese inofanira kuvharirwa uchishandisa dot1Q protocol. Tevere pamutsetse wekuraira, ini ndinofanira kutsanangura kuti iyi encapsulation ndeye VLAN10. Iyo sisitimu inotiratidza iyo IP kero iri kushandiswa, uye iyo interface yeVLAN10 network inotanga kushanda.
Saizvozvo, ini ndinogadzirisa iyo g0/0.20 interface. Ini ndinogadzira subinterface itsva, isa encapsulation protocol, uye isa IP kero ne ip wedzera 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0.
Muchiitiko ichi, ini zvechokwadi ndinoda kubvisa IP kero yehutano hwemuviri, nokuti ikozvino chimiro chemuviri uye inonzwisisika subinterface ine kero yakafanana yeVLAN20 network. Kuti ndiite izvi, ini ndinonyora sequentially mirairo int g0 / 1 uye hapana ip kero. Ndobva ndadzima interface iyi nekuti hatichaida.
Zvadaro, ndinodzokera kune g0 / 0.20 interface zvakare uye ndinopa IP kero kune iyo ip wedzera 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0 murairo. Iye zvino zvinhu zvose zvichanyatsoshanda.
Ini zvino ndinoshandisa iyo show ip nzira yekuraira kutarisa patafura yekufambisa.
Tinogona kuona kuti 192.168.1.0/24 network yakabatana zvakananga kune GigabitEthernet0 / 0.10 subinterface, uye 192.168.2.0/24 network yakabatana zvakananga kune GigabitEthernet0 / 0.20 subinterface. Ini zvino ndichadzokera kuPC0 command line terminal uye ping PC1. Muchiitiko ichi, motokari inopinda muchiteshi che router, iyo inoiendesa kune inopindirana subinterface uye inoitumira zvakare kuburikidza nekuchinja kune PC1 kombiyuta. Sezvauri kuona, iyo ping yakabudirira. Mapaketi maviri ekutanga akadonhedzwa nekuti kuchinjika pakati pe router interfaces kunotora nguva, uye zvishandiso zvinoda kudzidza MAC kero, asi mamwe maviri mapaketi akabudirira kusvika kwaaienda. Aya ndiwo mashandiro anoita pfungwa ye "router padanda".
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Source: www.habr.com