Takatotarisa maVLAN emunharaunda mune zvidzidzo zvevhidhiyo Mazuva 11, 12 uye 13 uye nhasi tichaenderera mberi nekuadzidza maererano nemisoro yeICND2. Ndakarekodha vhidhiyo yapfuura, iyo yakaratidza kupera kwegadziriro yebvunzo yeICND1, mwedzi mishoma yapfuura uye nguva yese iyi kusvika nhasi ndaive ndakabatikana. Ndinofunga kuti vazhinji venyu vakabudirira kupasa bvunzo iyi, avo vakaverengera kuyedzwa vanogona kumirira kusvika pakupera kwechikamu chechipiri chekosi uye edza kupasa CCNA 200-125 yakazara bvunzo.
Nechidzidzo chanhasi chevhidhiyo "Zuva 34" tinotanga musoro wekosi yeICND2. Vanhu vazhinji vanondibvunza kuti sei tisina kuvhara OSPF neEIGRP. Chokwadi ndechekuti maprotocol aya haana kuisirwa mumisoro yeICND1 kosi uye anodzidzwa mukugadzirira kupasa ICND2. Kubva nhasi tichatanga kuvhara misoro yechikamu chechipiri chekosi uye, hongu, isu tichadzidza OSPF uye EIGRP punctures. Ndisati ndatanga dingindira ranhasi, ndinoda kutaura nezve magadzirirwo ezvidzidzo zvedu zvevhidhiyo. Pandaipa misoro yeICND1, handina kutevedzera matemplate anogamuchirwa, asi ndakangotsanangura zvinyorwa zvine musoro, sezvo ndaitenda kuti nzira iyi yaive nyore kunzwisisa. Zvino, kana ndichidzidza ICND2, pakukumbirwa kwevadzidzi, ndichatanga kupa zvinyorwa zvekudzidzisa zvinoenderana nekharikhulamu uye Cisco kosi chirongwa.
Kana iwe ukaenda kune webhusaiti yekambani, iwe uchaona chirongwa ichi uye chokwadi chekuti kosi yese yakakamurwa kuita 5 zvikamu zvikuru:
- Local network switching tekinoroji (26% yezvinhu zvedzidzo);
-Matekinoroji ekufambisa (29%);
- Global network tekinoroji (16%);
- Infrastructure services (14%);
β Kuchengetedza zvivakwa (15%).
Ndichatanga nechikamu chekutanga. Kana iwe ukadzvanya pane yekudonhedza-pasi menyu kurudyi, unogona kuona yakadzama misoro yechikamu chino. Vhidhiyo yemazuva ano yekudzidzisa ichavhara misoro yeChikamu 1.1: "Kugadzirisa, Kuona, uye Kugadzirisa MaVLAN (Regular/Extended Range) Inotambanudzira Kuchinja Kwakawanda" uye Zvikamu 1.1a "Kupinda Ports (Data nenzwi)" uye 1.1.b "Default VLANs" .
Tevere, ini ndichaedza kuomerera kune imwecheteyo musimboti wemharidzo, ndiko kuti, yega yega chidzidzo chevhidhiyo chinopihwa kune chimwe chikamu chine zvidimbu, uye kana pasina zvinhu zvakakwana, ndichabatanidza misoro yezvikamu zvakati muchidzidzo chimwe, muenzaniso, 1.2 uye 1.3. Kana paine zvinhu zvakawanda muchikamu chino, ndichachipatsanura kuita mavhidhiyo maviri. Chero zvazvingava, isu tichatevera sirabhasi yekosi uye unogona kuenzanisa zviri nyore manotsi ako achipesana neazvino Cisco curriculum.
Iwe unogona kuona desktop yangu itsva pachiratidziro, iyi Windows 10. Kana iwe uchida kusimudzira desktop yako neakasiyana majeti, unogona kuona vhidhiyo yangu inonzi "Pimp Yako Desktop", apo ini ndinokuratidza maitiro ekugadzirisa komputa yako desktop maererano. zvaunoda. Ini ndinotumira mavhidhiyo erudzi urwu pane imwe chiteshi, ExplainWorld, kuti ugone kushandisa chinongedzo chiri mukona yekurudyi uye kujairana nezviri mukati.
Ndisati ndatanga chidzidzo, ndinokumbira kuti usakanganwa kugovera uye kufarira mavhidhiyo angu. Ndinodawo kukuyeuchidzai nezvemazita edu pasocial network uye zvinongedzo kumapeji angu ega. Unogona kundinyorera neemail, uye sezvandambotaura, vanhu vakaita mupiro pawebhusaiti yedu vanozonyanya kukoshesa kugamuchira mhinduro yangu.
Kana usati wapa, zvakanaka, unogona kusiya zvaunofunga pazasi vhidhiyo tutorials paYouTube chiteshi uye ini ndichavapindura nepandinogona napo.
Saka, nhasi, maererano nechirongwa cheCisco, tichatarisa mibvunzo mitatu: enzanisa Default VLAN, kana default VLAN, neNative VLAN, kana "native" VLAN, tsvaga kuti Normal VLAN (yakajairika VLAN range) yakasiyana sei kubva. iyo yakawedzera huwandu hweYakawedzerwa VLAN network uye Ngatitarisei musiyano uripo pakati peData VLAN neVoice VLAN. Sezvandakataura, isu takatodzidza nyaya iyi mune yakapfuura yakatevedzana, asi zviri pamusoro, saka vadzidzi vazhinji vachiri kunetseka kuona musiyano pakati pemhando dzeVLAN. Nhasi ndichatsanangura izvi nenzira iyo munhu wose anogona kunzwisisa.
Ngatitarisei mutsauko uripo pakati peDefault VLAN neNative VLAN. Kana iwe ukatora brand new Cisco switch ine fekitori marongero, ichava ne5 VLANs - VLAN1, VLAN1002, VLAN1003, VLAN1004 uye VLAN1005.
VLAN1 ndiyo yakasarudzika VLAN kune ese maCisco zvishandiso, uye maVLAN 1002-1005 akachengeterwa Token Ring uye FDDI. VLAN1 haigone kudzimwa kana kupihwa zita, nzvimbo dzekupindirana hadzigone kuwedzerwa kwairi, uye ese ma switch ports ndeeiyi network nekukasira kusvika agadziriswa zvakasiyana. Nekumisikidza, ese ma switch anogona kutaura kune mumwe nemumwe nekuti ese ari chikamu cheVLAN1. Izvi ndizvo zvinoreva "Default VLAN".
Kana iwe ukapinda mumasetin'i ekuchinja SW1 uye wopa maviri mainterface kune VLAN20 network, anozove chikamu cheVLAN20 network. Ndisati ndatanga chidzidzo chanhasi, ndinokuraira zvakasimba kuti uongorore zvikamu 11,12, 13 neXNUMX zvadudzwa pamusoro nekuti handingadzokorore kuti maVLAN chii uye kuti anoshanda sei.
Ini ndinongokuyeuchidza kuti haugone kugovera otomatiki interfaces kune VLAN20 network kusvika waigadzira, saka chekutanga unofanirwa kuenda mune yepasirese yekumisikidza modhiyo uye kugadzira VLAN20. Iwe unogona kutarisa iyo CLI zvigadziriso koni uye ona zvandiri kureva. Kana wangopa aya madoko maviri kuVLAN2, PC20 nePC1 vanozokwanisa kutaurirana nekuti ese ari maviri eVLAN2 imwechete. Asi PC20 icharamba iri chikamu cheVLAN3 uye nokudaro haizokwanisi kutaura nemakomputa paVLAN1.
Tine yechipiri chinja SW2, imwe yenzvimbo inopihwa kushanda neVLAN20, uye PC5 yakabatana nechiteshi ichi. Neiyi dhizaini yekubatanidza, PC5 haigone kutaurirana nePC4 nePC6, asi makomputa maviri aya anogona kutaurirana nekuti ndeeVLAN1 imwechete.
Maswiti ese ari maviri akabatanidzwa ne trunk kuburikidza neakatemerwa zviteshi. Ini handisi kuzozvidzokorora, ndinongotaura kuti ese switch ports anogadziriswa nekusarudzika kune trunking mode uchishandisa iyo DTP protocol. Kana iwe ukabatanidza komputa kune imwe chiteshi, ipapo chiteshi ichi chinoshandisa nzira yekuwana. Kana iwe uchida kushandura chiteshi kune iyo PC3 yakabatana neiyi modhi, iwe unozofanirwa kuisa iyo switchport mode yekuwana command.
Saka, kana iwe ukabatanidza ma switch maviri kune mumwe nemumwe, ivo vanogadzira trunk. Iwo maviri epamusoro madoko eSW1 anongopfuura chete VLAN20 traffic, yepasi chiteshi inongopfuura VLAN1 traffic, asi iyo trunk yekubatanidza ichapfuura nepakati pese traffic inopfuura nepachinja. Saka, SW2 inogashira traffic kubva kune ese VLAN1 neVLAN20.
Sezvaunorangarira, maVLAN ane kukosha kwenzvimbo. Naizvozvo, SW2 inoziva kuti traffic inosvika pachiteshi cheVLAN1 kubva kuPC4 inogona kutumirwa kuPC6 kuburikidza nechiteshi zvakare chiri cheVLAN1. Nekudaro, kana imwe switch ichitumira traffic kune imwe switch pamusoro pe trunk, inofanirwa kushandisa michina inotsanangura kune yechipiri switch kuti imhandoi yetraffic. Semuchina wakadaro, iyo Native VLAN network inoshandiswa, iyo yakabatana kune trunk port uye inopfuura tagged traffic kuburikidza nayo.
Sezvandambotaura, switch ine network imwe chete isingaite shanduko - iyi ndiyo default network VLAN1. Asi nekusarudzika, Native VLAN ndeye VLAN1. Chii chinonzi Native VLAN? Iyi inetiweki inobvumira isina kutariswa traffic kubva kuVLAN1, asi nekukurumidza kana iyo trunk port inogamuchira traffic kubva kune chero imwe network, mune yedu VLAN20, inototakwa. Imwe neimwe furemu ine kero yekuenda DA, kwainosuka kero SA, uye VLAN tag ine VLAN ID. Kwatiri, iyi ID inoratidza kuti traffic iyi ndeyeVLAN20, saka inogona chete kutumirwa kuburikidza neVLAN20 port uye yakanangana nePC5. Iyo Native VLAN inogona kutaurwa kuti isarudze kuti traffic inofanira kuiswa here kana kuti isina kunyorwa.
Rangarira kuti VLAN1 ndiyo yakasarudzika Native VLAN nekuti nekusarudzika ese madoko anoshandisa VLAN1 seNative VLAN kutakura isina kunyorwa traffic. Nekudaro, iyo Default VLAN inongova VLAN1, iyo chete network isingagone kuchinjwa. Kana iyo switch ikagashira mafuremu asina kucherechedzwa pane trunk port, inoapa otomatiki kuNative VLAN.
Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, muCisco switches unogona kushandisa chero VLAN seNative VLAN, semuenzaniso, VLAN20, uye VLAN1 chete inogona kushandiswa seDefault VLAN.
Mukuita kudaro, tingava nechinetso. Kana tikashandura iyo Native VLAN yetrunk port yekutanga switch kuenda kuVLAN20, ipapo chiteshi chinozofunga: "sezvo iyi iri yeNative VLAN, saka traffic yayo haidi kunyorwa" uye inotumira isina kunyorwa traffic yeVLAN20 network. pamwe chete nehunde kuenda kune yechipiri switch. Chinja SW2, wagamuchira traffic iyi, uchati: "Zvakanaka, traffic iyi haina tag. Zvinoenderana nemaitiro angu, Yekwangu VLAN ndeyeVLAN1, zvinoreva kuti ndinofanira kutumira iyi isina kunyorwa traffic paVLAN1. Saka SW2 inongoendesa chete traffic yakagamuchirwa kuPC4 uye PC-6 kunyangwe yakarongerwa PC5. Izvi zvinogadzira dambudziko rakakura rekuchengetedza nekuti richasanganisa VLAN traffic. Ndosaka iyo imwe chete yeNative VLAN ichifanira kugara yakagadziriswa pamateshi maviri ehunde, ndiko kuti, kana iyo Native VLAN yetrunk port SW1 iri VLAN20, saka iyo VLAN20 yakafanana inofanira kusetwa seNative VLAN patrunk port SW2.
Uyu ndiwo mutsauko pakati peNative VLAN uye Default VLAN, uye iwe unofanirwa kuyeuka kuti ese maNative VLAN ari muhunde anofanira kuenderana (chinyorwa chemushanduri: saka, zviri nani kushandisa network kunze kweVLAN1 seNative VLAN).
Ngatitarisei izvi kubva pamaonero ekuchinja. Iwe unogona kupinda mushanduko uye wonyora show vlan pfupi raira, mushure mezvo iwe uchaona kuti ese madoko e switch akabatana neDefault VLAN1.
Pazasi panoratidzwa mamwe maVLAN mana: 4 uye 1002,1003,1004. Iyi zvakare Default VLAN, unogona kuona izvi kubva pamazita avo. Ndiwo matinji akasarudzika nekuti akachengeterwa chaiwo network - Token Ring uye FDDI. Sezvauri kuona, ivo vari mumamiriro anoshanda, asi haatsigirwe, nekuti ma network ezviyero zvataurwa haana kubatana kune switch.
Iyo "default" yezita reVLAN 1 haigone kuchinjwa nekuti ndiyo yakasarudzika network. Sezvo nekusarudzika ese ma switch ports ari eiyi network, ese ma switch anogona kutaurirana nekusarudzika, ndiko kuti, pasina kudiwa kwekuwedzera chiteshi chekugadzirisa. Kana iwe uchida kubatanidza shanduko kune imwe network, iwe unopinda pasi rose mamiriro ekugadzirisa uye gadzira iyi network, semuenzaniso, VLAN20. Nekudzvanya "Enter", iwe unoenda kune zvigadziriso zvetiweki yakagadzirwa uye unogona kuzvipa zita, semuenzaniso, Management, uye wobva wabuda muzvirongwa.
Kana iwe zvino ukashandisa show vlan pfupi kuraira, iwe uchaona kuti isu tine itsva VLAN20 network, isingaenderane chero yekuchinja ports. Kuti upe imwe chiteshi kune iyi network, unofanirwa kusarudza chimiro, semuenzaniso, int e0/1, enda kune zvigadziriso zvechiteshi ichi uye pinda iyo switchport mode yekuwana uye switchport yekuwana vlan20 mirairo.
Kana tikakumbira sisitimu kuti iratidze chimiro cheVLAN, isu tichaona kuti Ethernet port 0/1 yave kuitirwa manejimendi manejimendi, ndiko kuti, yakangotamiswa pano kubva munzvimbo yezviteshi zvakapihwa nekusarudzika kuVLAN1.
Rangarira kuti chiteshi chega chega chekupinda chinogona kungova neData VLAN imwe chete, saka haigone kutsigira maVLAN maviri panguva imwe chete.
Zvino ngatitarisei Native VLAN. Ini ndinoshandisa show int trunk command uye ndinoona iyo port Ethernet0/0 yakagoverwa kune hunde.
Ini ndanga ndisingade kuita izvi nemaune nekuti iyo DTP protocol yakapa otomatiki iyi interface ye trunking. Chiteshi chiri mumhando inodiwa, encapsulation ndeye n-isl mhando, iyo port state iri trunking, network ndeyeNative VLAN1.
Zvinotevera zvinoratidza huwandu hwenhamba dzeVLAN 1-4094 dzinotenderwa trunking uye zvinoratidza kuti tine VLAN1 uye VLAN20 network inoshanda. Iye zvino ini ndichapinda mugadziriro yepasi rose uye ndonyora murairo int e0/0, nekuda kwandichaenda kune zvigadziriso zveiyi interface. Ndiri kuyedza kuronga nemaoko chiteshi ichi kuti chishande mu trunk modhi ine switchport mode trunk command, asi sisitimu haigamuchire murairo, ichipindura kuti: "Iyo interface ine otomatiki trunk encapsulation mode haigone kuchinjirwa ku trunk mode."
Nokudaro, ndinofanira kutanga ndagadzirisa trunk encapsulation type, iyo yandinoshandisa switchport trunk encapsulation command. Iyo sisitimu yakapa kukurumidza kune inokwanisika paramita yeiyi murairo:
dot1q - panguva ye trunking, chiteshi chinoshandisa 802.1q trunk encapsulation;
isl-panguva yekudonha, chiteshi chinoshandisa trunking encapsulation chete yevaridzi Cisco ISL protocol;
negotiate - mudziyo unovhara trunking nechero mudziyo wakabatana nechiteshi ichi.
Iyo yakafanana encapsulation type inofanirwa kusarudzwa pamagumo ehunde. Nekumisikidza, switch yekubuda mubhokisi inongotsigira dot1q type trunking, sezvo anenge ese maturusi etiweki anotsigira iyi chiyero. Ini ndicharonga yedu interface kuti ivhare trunking zvinoenderana neiyi chiyero ndichishandisa switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q command, uye wozoshandisa yaimborambwa switchport mode trunk command. Iye zvino chiteshi chedu chakagadzirirwa trunk mode.
Kana hunde ikaumbwa neCisco switch mbiri, proprietary ISL protocol ichashandiswa nekukasira. Kana imwe switch ichitsigira dot1q uye ISL, uye yechipiri chete dot1q, hunde inongozochinjirwa kuita dot1q encapsulation mode. Kana tikatarisa trunking parameters zvakare, tinogona kuona kuti iyo trunking encapsulation mode yeEt0/0 interface yachinja kubva ku-n-isl kuenda ku802.1q.
Kana isu tikapinda show int e0/0 switchport command, isu tichaona ese mamiriro ma paramita echiteshi ichi.
Iwe unoona kuti nekusarudzika VLAN1 ndiyo "yemuno network" yeNative VLAN yekudonha, uye iyo Native VLAN traffic tagging modhi inogoneka. Tevere, ini ndinoshandisa iyo int e0/0 kuraira, enda kune zvigadziriso zveiyi interface uye nyora switchport trunk, mushure meiyo sisitimu inopa mazano pamusoro pezvinogona kuita maparamita emurairo uyu.
Inotenderwa zvinoreva kuti kana chiteshi chiri mu trunk modhi, inotenderwa VLAN maitiro anozoiswa. Encapsulation inogonesa trunking encapsulation kana chiteshi chiri mu trunk mode. Ini ndinoshandisa iyo yemuno paramende, zvinoreva kuti mu trunk modhi chiteshi chichava nehunhu, uye pinda iyo switchport trunk yekuzvarwa VLAN20 command. Saka, muhunde modhi, VLAN20 ichave yeNative VLAN yechiteshi ichi chekutanga switch SW1.
Tine imwe switch, SW2, yehunde yechiteshi iyo VLAN1 inoshandiswa seNative VLAN. Iye zvino iwe unoona kuti iyo CDP protocol inoratidza meseji yekuti Native VLAN kusawirirana kwaonekwa pamigumo yese yehunde: iyo trunk port yekutanga Ethernet0/0 switch inoshandisa Native VLAN20, uye hunde chiteshi chechipiri switch inoshandisa Native VLAN1. . Izvi zvinoratidza kuti musiyano uripi pakati peNative VLAN neDefault VLAN.
Ngatitangei kutarisa kune yakajairwa uye yakawedzera huwandu hweVLAN.
Kwenguva yakareba, Cisco yaingotsigira nhamba yeVLAN 1 kusvika 1005, ine huwandu hwe1002 kuburikidza ne1005 yakachengetwa nekusarudzika kweToken Ring uye FDDI VLANs. Manetiweki aya ainzi maVLAN akajairwa. Kana iwe uchirangarira, iyo VLAN ID i12-bit tag iyo inokutendera iwe kuseta nhamba kusvika ku4096, asi nekuda kwezvikonzero zvekuenderana Cisco yakangoshandisa manhamba kusvika ku1005.
Iyo yakawedzerwa VLAN yakawanda inosanganisira nhamba kubva ku1006 kusvika 4095. Inogona kushandiswa pamidziyo yekare chete kana ichitsigira VTP v3. Kana uri kushandisa VTP v3 uye yakawedzerwa VLAN renji, unofanira kudzima rutsigiro rweVTP v1 uye v2, nekuti vhezheni yekutanga neyechipiri haigone kushanda nemaVLAN kana akaverengerwa akakura kupfuura 1005.
Saka kana iwe uri kushandisa Yakawedzerwa VLAN kune ekare switch, iyo VTP inofanirwa kunge iri mu "desable" mamiriro uye iwe unofanirwa kuigadzirisa nemaoko kuVLAN, zvikasadaro iyo VLAN dhatabhesi yekuvandudza haizokwanisi kuitika. Kana iwe uchizoshandisa Yakawedzerwa VLAN neVTP, unoda yechitatu vhezheni yeVTP.
Ngatitarisei chimiro cheVTP tichishandisa iyo show vtp mamiriro ekuraira. Iwe unoona kuti shanduko inoshanda muVTP v2 modhi, nerutsigiro rweshanduro 1 uye 3 inogoneka.
Iyo VTP control mode - sevha yakakosha pano. Iwe unogona kuona kuti nhamba yepamusoro yeVLAN inotsigirwa ndeye 1005. Nokudaro, unogona kunzwisisa kuti kuchinja uku nekukasira kunongotsigira chete VLAN yenguva dzose.
Zvino ini ndichanyora show vlan pfupi uye iwe uchaona VLAN20 Management, iyo inotaurwa pano nekuti chikamu cheVLAN dhatabhesi.
Kana ini zvino ndokumbira kuratidza iko ikozvino dhizaini yekumisikidzwa neiyo show run command, isu hatione chero kutaurwa kweVLANs nekuti inongowanikwa muVLAN dhatabhesi.
Tevere, ini ndinoshandisa vtp mode yekuraira kugadzirisa iyo VTP inoshanda maitiro. Kuchinja kwemhando dzekare kwaingova nematanho matatu emurairo uyu: mutengi, iyo inoshandura shanduko kune mutengi mode, sevha, iyo inoshandura sevha mode, uye pachena, iyo inoshandura shanduko ku "transparent" mode. Sezvo zvanga zvisingaite kudzima VTP zvachose pakuchinja kwekare, mune iyi modhi switch, ichisara chikamu cheVTP domain, yakangomira kugamuchira VLAN dhatabhesi zvigadziriso zvinosvika pamadoko ayo kuburikidza neVTP protocol.
Iwo ma switch matsva ikozvino ane off parameter, iyo inokutendera iwe kudzima zvachose iyo VTP modhi. Ngatichinjei mudziyo kuita pachena modhi tichishandisa vtp mode transparent command uye titore imwe tarisa pane yazvino kurongeka. Sezvauri kuona, yekupinda nezve VLAN20 ikozvino yawedzerwa kwairi. Saka, kana tikawedzera imwe VLAN ine nhamba iri muVLAN yenguva dzose ine nhamba kubva pa1 kusvika ku1005, uye panguva imwechete VTP iri mupachena kana kuti yakavharwa, zvino maererano nemitemo yemukati yeVLAN iyi network ichawedzerwa kune yazvino. gadziriso uye muVLAN dhatabhesi.
Ngatiedzei kuwedzera VLAN 3000, uye iwe uchaona kuti mune transparent mode inoonekwawo mukugadziriswa kwazvino. Kazhinji, kana tichida kuwedzera network kubva kuVLAN yakawedzerwa, tingashandisa vtp version yekuraira 3. Sezvaunogona kuona, zvose VLAN20 uye VLAN3000 zvinoratidzwa mukugadzirisa ikozvino.
Kana iwe ukabuda pachena modhi uye uchigonesa sevha modhi uchishandisa vtp mode server command, uye wozotarisa kugadziridzwa kwazvino zvakare, unogona kuona kuti zvinyorwa zveVLAN zvanyangarika zvachose. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti ruzivo rwese rweVLAN rwunochengetwa mudhatabhesi reVLAN chete uye rinogona kungoonekwa muVTP pachena modhi. Sezvo ini ndakagonesa VTP v3 modhi, mushure mekushandisa iyo show vtp mamiriro ekuraira, unogona kuona kuti huwandu hwepamusoro hwemaVLAN anotsigirwa hwawedzera kusvika 4096.
Saka, VTP v1 uye VTP v2 dhatabhesi inotsigira chete maVLAN akajairwa akaverengerwa 1 kusvika 1005, nepo VTP v3 dhatabhesi inosanganisira zvinyorwa zveVLAN dzakawedzerwa nhamba 1 kusvika 4096. Kana uri kushandisa VTP pachena kana VTP off mode, ruzivo o VLAN ichawedzerwa. kune ikozvino configuration. Kana iwe uchida kushandisa yakawedzera VLAN renji, mudziyo unofanirwa kunge uri muVTP v3 modhi. Uyu ndiwo mutsauko pakati penguva dzose uye yakawedzerwa maVLAN.
Iye zvino tichaenzanisa data VLANs uye inzwi VLANs. Kana iwe uchirangarira, ndakati chiteshi chega chega chinogona chete kuva cheVLAN imwe panguva.
Nekudaro, muzviitiko zvakawanda isu tinoda kugadzirisa chiteshi kuti ushande nefoni IP. Mafoni emazuva ano eCisco IP ane switch yavo yakavakirwa mukati, saka unogona kungobatanidza foni netambo kumadziro ekubuda, uye chigamba tambo pakombuta yako. Dambudziko nderekuti jack yemadziro iyo chiteshi chefoni chakabatanidzwa chaifanira kunge chine maVLAN maviri akasiyana. Isu takatokurukura muvhidhiyo zvidzidzo 11 uye 12 mazuva zvekuita kudzivirira traffic loops, sei kushandisa pfungwa ye "yekuzvarwa" VLAN inopfuura isina kunyorwa traffic, asi aya ese aive maworkaround. Mhinduro yekupedzisira kune dambudziko yaive pfungwa yekukamura maVLAN kuita network yedata traffic uye network yezwi traffic.
Muchiitiko ichi, unosanganisa mitsara yese yefoni kuita VLAN yezwi. Huwandu uhu hunoratidza kuti PC1 nePC2 inogona kunge iri paVLAN20 tsvuku, uye PC3 inogona kunge iri pagirinhi VLAN30, asi ese akabatana IP mafoni angave pane imwechete yero izwi VLAN50.
Muchokwadi, chiteshi chega chega cheSW1 switch chichava ne2 VLANs panguva imwe chete - yedata uye yezwi.
Sezvandakataura, yekuwana VLAN inogara iine VLAN imwe, haugone kuve nemaVLAN maviri pachiteshi chimwe chete. Iwe haugone kushandisa switchport yekupinda vlan 10, switchport yekuwana vlan 20 uye switchport yekuwana vlan 50 mirairo kune imwe interface panguva imwe chete. kuraira Saka, sezvo iyo IP foni ine switch mukati mayo, inogona kuvharidzira uye kutumira VLAN10 izwi traffic uye panguva imwe chete kugamuchira uye kutumira VLAN50 data traffic kuti ichinje SW50 mu switchport yekuwana modhi. Ngationei kuti iyi modhi inogadziriswa sei.
Kutanga tichagadzira VLAN50 network, uye tozoenda kune zvigadziriso zveEthernet 0/1 interface uye kuironga kuti iite switchport mode yekuwana. Mushure meizvozvo, ini ndinoteedzana kupinda switchport yekuwana vlan 10 uye switchport voice vlan 50 mirairo.
Ndakakanganwa kugadzirisa imwechete VLAN mode ye trunk, saka ndichaenda kune zvigadziro zveEthernet port 0/0 uye pinda mutemo switchport trunk native vlan 1. Iye zvino ndichakumbira kuratidza VLAN parameters, uye iwe unogona kuona kuti ikozvino paEthernet port 0/1 isu tine ese ma network - VLAN 50 uye VLAN20.
Saka, kana iwe ukaona kuti pane maVLAN maviri pachiteshi chimwe chete, zvinoreva kuti imwe yacho iVoice VLAN. Iyi haigone kuve hunde nekuti kana iwe ukatarisa hunde maparameter uchishandisa iyo show int trunk command, unogona kuona kuti trunk port ine ese maVLAN, kusanganisira iyo default VLAN1.
Iwe unogona kutaura kuti nehunyanzvi, kana iwe ukagadzira network yedata uye netiweki yezwi, imwe neimwe yezviteshi izvi inoita semi-trunk: kune imwe network inoita sehunde, kune imwe sechiteshi chekusvika.
Kana iwe ukanyora iyo yekuraira ratidza int e0/1 switchport, unogona kuona kuti mamwe maitiro anoenderana nemhando mbiri dzekushanda: isu tine zvese static kuwana uye trunking encapsulation. Muchiitiko ichi, nzira yekuwana inoenderana nedata network VLAN 20 Management uye panguva imwechete iyo izwi network VLAN 50 iripo.
Iwe unogona kutarisa kugadziridzwa kwazvino, izvo zvicharatidzawo kuti kuwana vlan 20 uye izwi vlan 50 zviripo pachiteshi ichi.
Uyu ndiwo mutsauko uripo pakati peData VLAN neVoice VLAN. Ndinovimba wanzwisisa zvese zvandataura, kana zvisiri, ingoona iyi vhidhiyo tutorial zvakare.
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Source: www.habr.com