Nhasi tichatarisa iyo dynamic trunking protocol DTP uye VTP - VLAN trunking protocol. Sezvandakataura muchidzidzo chekupedzisira, tichatevera ICND2 bvunzo misoro muhurongwa hwavanenge vakanyorwa pawebhusaiti yeCisco.
Nguva yekupedzisira takatarisa poindi 1.1, uye nhasi tichatarisa 1.2 - kumisikidza, kutarisa uye kugadzirisa network switch yekubatanidza: kuwedzera uye kubvisa maVLAN kubva muhunde uye DTP uye VTP protocol shanduro 1 uye 2.
Yese switch ports kunze kwebhokisi inogadziriswa nekusarudzika kushandisa Dynamic Auto modhi yeDTP protocol. Izvi zvinoreva kuti kana zviteshi zviviri zvekuchinja kwakasiyana zvakabatana, trunk inobatidzwa otomatiki pakati pavo kana imwe yemachiteshi iri muhunde kana inodiwa modhi. Kana zviteshi zvema switch ese ari muDynamic Auto mode, trunk haina kuumbwa.
Saka, zvese zvinoenderana nekuseta maitiro ekushandisa ega ega e2 switch. Kuti zvive nyore kunzwisisa, ndakagadzira tafura yezvinobvira musanganiswa weDTP modhi dzema switch maviri. Iwe unoona kuti kana ese ari maviri switch akashandisa Dynamic Auto, iwo haazogadziri trunk, asi acharamba ari muAccess mode. Naizvozvo, kana iwe uchida kuti hunde igadzirwe pakati pema switch maviri, unofanirwa kuronga kanenge imwe yekuchinja kuTrunk modhi, kana kuronga hunde yechiteshi kushandisa Dynamic Inodiwa modhi. Sezvinoonekwa kubva patafura, imwe neimwe yekuchinja ports inogona kunge iri mune imwe ye4 modes: Access, Dynamic Auto, Dynamic Inodiwa kana Trunk.
Kana madoko ese ari maviri akagadzirirwa Access, ma switch akabatana achashandisa Access mode. Kana imwe chiteshi chakagadzirirwa Dynamic Auto uye imwe yeKupinda, ese ari maviri anoshanda muAccess mode. Kana imwe chiteshi ichishanda muAccess mode uye imwe iri muTrunk mode, hazvigoneke kubatanidza switch, saka iyi musanganiswa wemamodhi haigone kushandiswa.
Saka, kuti trunking ishande, zvinodikanwa kuti imwe yema switch ports igadzirirwe Trunk, uye imwe yacho yeTrunk, Dynamic Auto kana Dynamic Inodiwa. Hunde inoumbwa zvakare kana ese madoko akagadzirirwa kuDynamic Inodiwa.
Musiyano uripo pakati peDynamic Inodiwa uye Dynamic Auto ndewekuti mune yekutanga modhi, chiteshi pachayo chinotangisa trunk, kutumira DTP mafuremu kuchiteshi chechipiri switch. Mune yechipiri modhi, switch port inomirira kusvika mumwe munhu atanga kutaurirana nayo, uye kana zviteshi zvema switch ese akagadziridzwa kuDynamic Auto, trunk haina kumbogadzirwa pakati pavo. Panyaya yeDynamic Inodiwa, mamiriro acho akapesana - kana ese madoko akagadzirirwa iyi modhi, trunk inotofanira kuumbwa pakati pavo.
Ndinokupa zano kuti uyeuke tafura iyi, sezvo ichakubatsira iwe kunyatso gadzirisa switch yakabatana kune mumwe nemumwe. Ngatitarisei chikamu ichi muPacket Tracer chirongwa. Ini ndakabatanidza 3 switch pamwe chete munhevedzano uye ikozvino ndicharatidza iyo CLI console windows yega yega yemidziyo iyi pachiratidziri.
Kana ini ndikaisa iyo show int trunk command, isu hatizooni chero hunde, iyo yakasikwa zvachose mukushaikwa kwezvigadziro zvinodiwa, sezvo ma switch ese akagadzirirwa Dynamic Auto mode. Kana ndikakumbira kuratidza iyo f0/1 interface ma paramita epakati switch, iwe uchaona kuti mune manejimendi zvigadziriso modhi ine dynamic auto parameter yakanyorwa.
Yechitatu uye yekutanga switch ine zvigadziriso zvakafanana - ivo zvakare vane port f0/1 mune dynamic auto mode. Kana iwe uchirangarira tafura, yekudonhedza zviteshi zvese zvinofanirwa kunge zviri mu trunk modhi kana imwe yemachiteshi inofanira kunge iri muDynamic Inodiwa modhi.
Ngatiendei muzvigadziro zvekutanga chinja SW0 uye gadzirisa port f0/1. Mushure mekupinda iyo switchport mode yekuraira, iyo sisitimu ichakukurudzira iwe kune inokwanisika modhi paramita: kuwana, dhirivha kana trunk. Ini ndinoshandisa switchport modhi inodiwa inodiwa kuraira, uye iwe unogona kuona kuti trunk port f0/1 yechipiri switch, mushure mekupinda iyi murairo, yakatanga yapinda pasi pasi, uyezve, mushure mekugamuchira iyo DTP furemu yekutanga switch, yakaenda. ku up state.
Kana isu tapinda iyo show int trunk command muCLI console ye switch SW1, tichaona kuti port f0/1 iri mu trunking state. Ini ndinoisa iwo murairo mumwechete mubhokisi rekushandura SW1 uye ndinoona ruzivo rwakafanana, kureva, ikozvino trunk yakaiswa pakati pekuchinja SW0 uye SW1. Muchiitiko ichi, chiteshi cheiyo yekutanga switch chiri mune inodiwa modhi, uye chiteshi chechipiri chiri mune auto mode.
Iko hakuna kubatana pakati pechipiri neyechitatu switch, saka ini ndinoenda kune zvigadziriso zveyechitatu switch uye isa mirairo switchport mode ine simba inodikanwa. Iwe unoona kuti mune yechipiri switch iyo yakafanana pasi-kumusoro mamiriro shanduko yakaitika, chete ikozvino vanobata port f0/2, kune iyo switch 3 yakabatana. Ikozvino switch yechipiri ine hunde mbiri: imwe pane interface f0/1, yechipiri paf0/2. Izvi zvinogona kuoneka kana iwe ukashandisa iyo show int trunk command.
Mateshi ese ari maviri ekuchinja kwechipiri ari mu auto state, ndiko kuti, yekurovera neakavakidzana switch, madoko avo anofanirwa kunge ari muhunde kana inodiwa maitiro, nekuti mune iyi kesi kune 2 modes yekumisikidza trunk. Uchishandisa tafura, iwe unogona kugara uchigadzira switch ports nenzira yekuronga trunk pakati pavo. Ichi ndicho musimboti wekushandisa iyo dynamic trunking protocol DTP.
Ngatitangei kutarisa VLAN trunking protocol, kana VTP. Iyi protocol inogonesa kuwiriraniswa kweVLAN dhatabhesi yeakasiyana network zvishandiso, kuita kuendesa yakagadziridzwa VLAN dhatabhesi kubva kune chimwe chishandiso kuenda kune chimwe. Ngatidzokere kudunhu redu rema switch matatu. VTP inogona kushanda mumatatu modes: server, mutengi uye pachena. VTP v3 ine imwe modhi inonzi Off, asi bvunzo yeCisco inongovhara VTP shanduro 3 uye 3.
Server mode inoshandiswa kugadzira maVLAN matsva, kudzima kana kushandura network kuburikidza neiyo switch yekuraira mutsara. Mumutengi modhi, hapana mashandiro anogona kuitwa paVLANs; mune iyi modhi, chete VLAN dhatabhesi inovandudzwa kubva kuseva. Iyo transparent mode inoita sekunge VTP protocol yakadzimwa, ndiko kuti, switch haiburitse mameseji ayo eVTP, asi inotumira zvigadziriso kubva kune mamwe ma switch - kana update ikasvika pane imwe ye switch ports, inopfuudza iyo pachayo uye inotumira. inoenderera mberi netiweki kuburikidza neimwe chiteshi. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akajeka, switch inongoshanda semutakuri wemeseji yevamwe pasina kuvandudza yayo yega VLAN dhatabhesi.
Pane iyi slide iwe unoona VTP protocol kumisikidza mirairo yakaiswa mune yepasirese configuration mode. Murairo wekutanga unogona kushandura protocol inoshandiswa. Wechipiri murairo unosarudza iyo VTP inoshanda mode.
Kana iwe uchida kugadzira VTP domain, shandisa vtp domain <domain name> command, uye kuseta VTP password yaunoda kuisa vtp password <PASSWORD> command. Ngatiendei kuCLI koni yekutanga chinja uye titarise iyo VTP mamiriro nekupinda iyo show vtp mamiriro ekuraira.
Iwe unoona iyo VTP protocol vhezheni ndeyechipiri, iyo yakawanda nhamba yeVLAN inotsigirwa i255, nhamba yeVLAN iripo ndeye 5, uye iyo VLAN inoshanda mode iseva. Aya ese ari ese anogara aripo. Isu takatokurukura nezveVTP muZuva 30 chidzidzo, saka kana iwe wakanganwa chero chinhu, unogona kudzoka uye kuona iyi vhidhiyo zvakare.
Kuti uone dhatabhesi yeVLAN, ini ndinoburitsa show vlan pfupi yekuraira. VLAN1 uye VLAN1002-1005 inoratidzwa pano. Nekumisikidza, ese emahara maficha ekuchinja akabatana kune yekutanga network - 23 Fast Ethernet ports uye 2 Gigabit Ethernet ports, iyo yasara 4 VLAN haina kutsigirwa. Iwo maVLAN dhatabhesi emamwe maviri switch anotaridzika chaizvo, kunze kwekuti SW1 haina makumi maviri nenhatu, asi 23 Fast Ethernet ports yemahara yeVLANs, sezvo f22/0 uye f1/0 inogarwa nehunde. Rega ndikuyeuchidze zvakare nezve zvakakurukurwa muchidzidzo "Zuva 2" - iyo VTP protocol inongotsigira kuvandudza VLAN dhatabhesi.
Kana ndikagadzirisa madoko akawanda kuti ndishandise maVLAN ane switchport yekupinda uye switchport modhi yekuwana VLAN10, VLAN20, kana VLAN30 mirairo, kumisikidzwa kweaya madoko hakuzodzokororwe neVTP nekuti VTP inongogadzirisa VLAN dhatabhesi.
Saka, kana imwe yeSW1 ports yakagadziridzwa kuti ishande neVLAN20, asi iyi network isiri muVLAN database, chiteshi chichavharwa. Nekudaro, zvigadziriso zve database zvinongoitika kana uchishandisa VTP protocol.
Ndichishandisa iyo show vtp mamiriro ekuraira, ini ndinoona kuti ese matatu switch atova muserver mode. Ini ndichachinja chepakati chinja SW3 kuita pachena modhi ine vtp modhi inoonekera murairo, uye yechitatu chinja SW1 kuita mutengi modhi ine vtp modhi yemutengi command.
Zvino ngatidzokere kune yekutanga switch SW0 uye tigadzire iyo nwking.org domain tichishandisa vtp domain <domain name> command. Kana iwe zvino ukatarisa iyo VTP mamiriro echipiri switch, iri mune yakajeka mode, unogona kuona kuti haina kuita chero nzira pakusikwa kweiyo domain - iyo VTP Domain Name field yakaramba isina chinhu. Nekudaro, yechitatu switch, iri muclient mode, yakagadziridza dhatabhesi yayo uye ikozvino ine zita rezita VTP-nwking.org. Saka, kugadziridzwa kwedhatabhesi rekuchinja SW0 kwakapfuura nemuSW1 uye kwakaratidzwa muSW2.
Ikozvino ini ndichaedza kushandura zita rakataurwa rezita, randichaenda kune iyo SW0 marongero ndonyora iyo vtp domain NetworKing command. Sezvauri kuona, panguva ino pakanga pasina gadziriso - iyo VTP domain zita pane yechitatu switch yakaramba yakafanana. Icho chokwadi ndechekuti iyo domain name update inoitika kamwe chete, kana iyo default domain yachinja. Kana mushure meizvi zita rezita reVTP ββrachinja zvakare, rinozoda kuchinjwa nemaoko pane asara switch.
Zvino ini ndichagadzira itsva VLAN100 network muCLI koni yekutanga switch ndoidaidza kuti IMRAN. Yakaonekwa muVLAN dhatabhesi yekutanga switch, asi haina kuoneka mudhatabhesi yechitatu switch, nekuti aya akasiyana madomasi. Rangarira kuti kuvandudza dhatabhesi yeVLAN inongoitika chete kana ma switch ese ari maviri ane dura rimwechete, kana, sezvandamboratidza, zita idzva rezita rinoiswa panzvimbo yezita rekutanga.
Ini ndinoenda muzvigadziro zve3 switch uye sequentially pinda iyo vtp modhi uye vtp domain NetworKing mirairo. Ndokumbira utarise kuti kupinza zita kune nyaya, saka kuperetera kwezita rezita kunofanirwa kunge kwakafanana kune ese ari maviri switch. Ikozvino ndinodzosera SW2 mucustomer modhi ndichishandisa vtp mode client command. Ngationei zvinoitika. Sezvauri kuona, ikozvino, kana zita rezita richienderana, iyo SW2 dhatabhesi yakagadziridzwa uye itsva VLAN100 IMRAN network yakaonekwa mairi, uye shanduko idzi hadzina chazvinoita paavhareji switch, nekuti iri mune yakajeka mode.
Kana iwe uchida kuzvidzivirira kubva kune kusingabvumirwe kupinda, unogona kugadzira VTP password. Nekudaro, iwe unofanirwa kuve nechokwadi chekuti mudziyo uri kune rumwe rutivi uchange uine iwo chaiwo password, nekuti chete mune iyi kesi ichakwanisa kugamuchira VTP zvigadziriso.
Chinhu chinotevera chatichatarisa ndechekuchekerera kweVTP, kana "kuchekerera" kwemaVLAN asina kushandiswa. Kana iwe uine zana panetiweki yako inoshandisa VTP, iyo VLAN dhatabhesi yekuvandudza pane imwe mudziyo inozodzokororwa kune mamwe 100 zvishandiso. Nekudaro, hazvisi zvese zvezvishandiso izvi zvine maVLAN akataurwa mukuvandudza, saka ruzivo pamusoro pawo runogona kusadiwa.
Kutumira VLAN dhatabhesi zvigadziriso kumidziyo inoshandisa VTP zvinoreva kuti zviteshi zvese pamidziyo yese zvinogashira ruzivo nezve akawedzerwa, abviswa, uye akachinjwa maVLAN ayo angave asina chekuita nawo. Panguva imwecheteyo, network inovharwa ne traffic yakawandisa. Kudzivirira izvi kuti zvirege kuitika, pfungwa yeVTP trimming inoshandiswa. Kuti ugone kugonesa "kuchekerera" modhi yemaVLAN asina basa pane switch, shandisa vtp pruning command. Iwo maswichi anobva audzana kuti ndeapi maVLAN avari kunyatso shandisa, nekudaro vachiyambira vavakidzani kuti havafanire kutumira zvigadziriso kune network isina kubatana kwavari.
Semuenzaniso, kana SW2 isina zviteshi zveVLAN10, haidi SW1 kuti itumire traffic kunetiweki iyoyo. Panguva imwecheteyo, chinja SW1 inoda VLAN10 traffic nekuti imwe yemadoko ayo yakabatana netiweki iyi, haingodi kutumira iyi traffic kuti ichinje SW2.
Saka kana SW2 iri kushandisa vtp kuchekerera modhi, inoudza SW1: "ndokumbira usanditumire traffic yeVLAN10 nekuti iyi network haina kubatana neni uye hapana imwe yemadoko angu akagadzirirwa kushanda netiweki iyi." Izvi ndizvo zvinoita kushandisa vtp pruning command.
Pane imwe nzira yekusefa traffic kune chaiyo interface. Iyo inokutendera iwe kugadzirisa chiteshi pane trunk ine chaiyo VLAN. Kukanganisa kweiyi nzira ndiko kudikanwa kwekugadzirisa mawoko trunk port imwe neimwe, iyo inoda kutsanangurwa kuti ndeapi maVLAN anotenderwa uye anorambidzwa. Kuti uite izvi, kutevedzana kwemirairo mitatu inoshandiswa. Yekutanga inoratidza chimiro chakakanganiswa nezvirambidzo izvi, yechipiri inoshandura iyi interface kuita trunk port, uye yechitatu - switchport trunk inobvumidzwa vlan < all/none/add/remove/VLAN number> - inoratidza kuti VLAN inotenderwa pachiteshi ichi: zvese, hapana, VLAN kuti iwedzere kana VLAN kuti ibviswe.
Zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo, unosarudza zvekushandisa: VTP kuchekerera kana Trunk inobvumirwa. Mamwe masangano anosarudza kusashandisa VTP nekuda kwezvikonzero zvekuchengetedza, saka vanosarudza kugadzirisa trunking nemaoko. Sezvo vtp pruning command isingashande muPacket Tracer, ini ndichairatidza muGNS3 emulator.
Kana iwe ukapinda muzvirongwa zveSW2 uye woisa vtp pruning command, sisitimu inozotaura ipapo kuti iyi modhi yakagoneswa: Kuchekerera kwakabatidzwa, kureva, VLAN "kuchekerera" inobatidzwa nemurairo mumwe chete.
Kana tikanyora iyo show vtp mamiriro ekuraira, isu tichaona kuti vtp pruning mode inogoneswa.
Kana iwe uri kumisikidza iyi modhi pane switch server, wobva waenda kune yayo marongero uye isa vtp pruning command. Izvi zvinoreva kuti zvishandiso zvakabatana nesevha zvinongoshandisa vtp kuchekerera kuderedza trunking traffic kune zvisina basa VLAN.
Kana iwe usingade kushandisa iyi modhi, iwe unofanirwa kupinda mune chaiyo interface, semuenzaniso e0/0, wozoburitsa switchport trunk inobvumidzwa vlan command. Iyo sisitimu inokupa matipi nezve inokwanisika paramita yeiyi murairo:
- SHOKO - VLAN nhamba inotenderwa pane iyi interface mune trunk mode;
- wedzera - VLAN kuti iwedzere kune VLAN dhatabhesi rondedzero;
- zvese - bvumidza ese maVLAN;
- kunze kwekunge - bvumidza ese maVLAN kunze kweakatsanangurwa;
- hapana-inorambidza ese maVLAN;
- bvisa - bvisa VLAN kubva kuVLAN dhatabhesi runyorwa.
Semuenzaniso, kana tine trunk inobvumirwa VLAN10 uye tinoda kuibvumira kune VLAN20 network, saka tinoda kupinda mu switchport trunk inobvumirwa vlan kuwedzera 20 command.
Ini ndoda kukuratidza chimwe chinhu, saka ini ndinoshandisa show interface trunk command. Ndokumbira utarise kuti nekusarudzika ese maVLAN 1-1005 aitenderwa hunde, uye ikozvino VLAN10 yakawedzerwa kwavari.
Kana ndikashandisa switchport trunk inobvumirwa vlan wedzera 20 kuraira uye ndokumbira zvakare kuratidza hunde mamiriro, tinogona kuona kuti hunde ikozvino ine maviri network inobvumidzwa - VLAN10 uye VLAN20.
Muchiitiko ichi, hapana imwe traffic, kunze kweiyo yakarongedzerwa kune yakatsanangurwa network, ichakwanisa kupfuura nepakati peiyi trunk. Nekubvumidza traffic chete yeVLAN 10 neVLAN 20, takaramba traffic kune mamwe ese maVLAN. Heano maitiro ekugadzirisa magadzirirwo e trunking kune chaiyo VLAN pane chaiyo switch interface.
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