Fungidzira kuti STP iri mu convergence state. Chii chinoitika kana ndikatora tambo uye ndikabatanidza switch H zvakananga kumidzi switch A? Root Bridge "inoona" kuti ine chiteshi chitsva chakagoneswa uye inotumira BPDU pamusoro payo.
Shandura H, wagamuchira furemu iyi ine zero mutengo, ichaona mutengo wenzira kuburikidza nechiteshi chitsva se 0 + 19 = 19, zvisinei nekuti mutengo weiyo midzi port ndeye 76. Mushure meizvozvo, chiteshi chekuchinja H. , iyo yaimbove yakaremara, ichapfuura nematanho ese ekuchinja uye ichachinja kune kutapurirana modhi mushure memasekondi makumi mashanu. Kana mamwe madivayiri akabatana neshanduko iyi, saka ese ese acharasikirwa nekubatana nemudzi wekuchinja uye network yese kwemasekonzi makumi mashanu.
Shandura G inoita zvakafanana, ichigamuchira BPDU furemu kubva kuchinjika H ine mutengo wekuzivisa we 19. Inoshandura mutengo weiyo yakapihwa chiteshi kusvika 19 + 19 = 38 uye inoisa zvakare seiyo nyowani midzi chiteshi, nekuti mutengo weiyo yapfuura Root. Port ndeye 57, iyo yakakura kudarika 38. Panguva imwecheteyo, matanho ose ekufambisa kwechiteshi anogara 50 seconds anotanga zvakare, uye, pakupedzisira, iyo yose network inoparara.
Zvino ngatitarisei zvingazoitika mumamiriro akafanana kana uchishandisa RSTP. Iyo midzi switch inotumira BPDU kune H switch yakabatana nayo nenzira imwechete, asi pakarepo mushure meizvozvo ichavhara chiteshi chayo. Kana wagamuchira furemu iyi, chinja H uchaona kuti nzira iyi ine mutengo wakaderera pane midzi yayo, uye inobva yaivhara. Mushure meizvozvo, H ichatumira Chikumbiro kune midzi chinja nechikumbiro chekuvhura chiteshi chitsva, nekuti mutengo wayo uri pasi pemutengo weiyo yatovepo mudzi port. Mushure memudzi wekushandura wabvumirana nechikumbiro, inosunungura chiteshi chayo uye inotumira Chibvumirano chekuchinja H, mushure mezvo iyo yekupedzisira ichaita chiteshi chitsva chiteshi chayo.
Panguva imwecheteyo, nekuda kweProposal / Agreement mechanism, kudzoreredzwa kwemudzi wechiteshi kuchaitika pakarepo, uye zvese zvishandiso zvakabatana nekuchinja H hazvizorasikirwe nekubatana netiweki.
Nekupa Root Port nyowani, chinja H inoshandura midzi yekare chiteshi kuita imwe chiteshi. Izvo zvichaitikawo ne switch G - ichachinjana Proposal / Agreement meseji ne switch H, govera midzi chiteshi uye kuvhara mamwe madoko. Zvadaro maitiro acho achaenderera mberi mune inotevera network segment ine switch F.
Chinja F, waongorora mutengo, uchaona kuti nzira inoenda kumudzi chinja kuburikidza nechiteshi chezasi inodhura makumi mashanu nenomwe, nepo nzira iripo kuburikidza nechiteshi chepamusoro ichidhura makumi matatu nemasere, uye ichasiya zvese sezvazviri. Paunenge wadzidza izvi, chinja G inovhara chiteshi chakatarisana neF uye ichaendesa mberi traffic kune mudzi switch munzira itsva yeGHA.
Kusvikira switch F yawana Chikumbiro/Chibvumirano kubva pakuchinja G, ichaita kuti chiteshi chayo chepasi chakavharika kudzivirira zvishwe. Saka iwe unogona kuona kuti RSTP ndeye inokurumidza kwazvo protocol isingagadziri matambudziko ane STP pane network.
Zvino ngatiendei kumirairo. Iwe unofanirwa kuisa iyo yepasirese switch yekumisikidza modhi uye sarudza iyo PVST kana RPVST modhi uchishandisa iyo spanning-muti modhi yekuraira. . Ipapo iwe unofanirwa kusarudza kuti ungashandura sei kukosha kweimwe VLAN. Kuti uite izvi, shandisa iyo spanning-muti vlan <VLAN nhamba> yekutanga <kukosha> kuraira. Kubva padzidziso yekupedzisira yevhidhiyo, unofanirwa kuyeuka kuti chinokosheswa ndeche 4096 uye nekusarudzika iyi nhamba i32768 pamwe nenhamba yeVLAN. Kana wakasarudza VLAN1, ipapo iyo yekutanga yekutanga ichave 32768+1= 32769.
Nei ungangoda kushandura kukosha kwema network? Isu tinoziva kuti BID ine nhamba yakakosha kukosha uye kero yeMAC. Kero yeMAC yechigadzirwa haigoni kuchinjwa, ine kukosha kwekugara, saka chete kukosha kwekutanga kunogona kuchinjwa.
Ngatifungei kuti kune network yakakura uko zvese zveCisco zvishandiso zvakabatana mudenderedzwa pateni. Muchiitiko ichi, PVST inogadziriswa nekukasira, saka sisitimu ichasarudza midzi yekuchinja. Kana zvese zvishandiso zvine zvakakosha zvakafanana, saka switch ine yekare kero yeMAC inotora pamberi. Nekudaro, inogona kunge iri 10-12 gore rekare legacy switch iyo isina kana simba uye kuita "kutungamira" network yakakura kudaro.
Panguva imwecheteyo, iwe unogona kunge uine shanduko nyowani mumambure ezviuru zvemadhora, izvo, nekuda kwekukosha kwepamusoro kwekero yeMAC, inomanikidzwa "kuendesa" kune switch yekare inodhura mazana emadhora mazana. Kana iyo yekare switch ikava midzi switch, izvi zvinoratidza kukanganisa kwakakomba kwetiweki.
Saka, iwe unofanirwa kupinda muzvigadziro zveshanduko itsva uye ugozvipa hushoma hwekutanga kukosha, semuenzaniso, 0. Paunenge uchishandisa VLAN1, kukosha kwese kwekutanga kuchava 0 + 1 = 1, uye zvimwe zvese zvinoshandiswa zvinogara zvichizviona se midzi chinja.
Zvino fungidzira mamiriro ezvinhu akadaro. Kana iyo midzi switch ikave isingawanikwe nekuda kwechimwe chikonzero, ungangoda iyo midzi switch kuti isangova chero yakaderera yekutanga switch, asi chaiyo switch ine zvirinani networking maficha. Mune ino kesi, iyo Root Bridge marongero anoshandisa murairo unopa yekutanga uye yechipiri midzi switch: spanning-muti vlan <VLAN network nhamba> mudzi <primary/secondary>. Iko kukosha kwekutanga kwePrimary switch kuchave 32768 - 4096 - 4096 = 24576. Kune Sekondari switch, inoverengerwa neformula 32768 - 4096 = 28672.
Iwe haufanire kuisa idzi nhamba nemaoko - iyo system ichakuitira izvi otomatiki. Saka, kushandura nekutanga 24576 kuchava midzi yekushandura, uye kana isingawaniki, shandura ine 28672 inokosha, nepo kukoshesa kwezvimwe zvese zvinoshandura nekukasira kunenge 32768. Izvi zvinofanira kuitwa kana iwe usingadi hurongwa. kugovera otomatiki switch yemidzi.
Kana iwe uchida kuona STP protocol marongero, unofanirwa kushandisa iyo show spanning-muti pfupiso yekuraira. Ngatitarisei kune ese misoro yakafukidzwa nhasi tichishandisa Packet Tracer. Ndiri kushandisa network topology ye4 switches modhi 2690, hazvina basa, sezvo ese mamodhi eCisco switch anotsigira STP. Iwo akabatanidzwa kune mumwe nemumwe kuitira kuti network iite denderedzwa rakashata.
Nekumisikidza, Cisco zvishandiso zvinoshanda muPSTV + modhi, zvinoreva kuti chiteshi chega chega hachizoda anodarika masekondi makumi maviri kuti asanganise. Iyo simulation pani inobvumidza iwe kuratidza kutumira kwetraffic uye kuona ma parameter eiyo yakagadzirwa network.
Iwe unogona kuona kuti STP BDU furemu chii. Kana ukaona vhezheni 0, ipapo une STP, nekuti vhezheni 2 inoshandiswa kuRSTP.Inoratidzawo kukosha kweRoot ID, iyo inosanganisira yekutanga uye MAC kero yemudzi switch, uye iyo Bridge ID kukosha kwakaenzana nayo.
Aya makoshero akaenzana, sezvo mutengo wenzira kuenda kumudzi switch yeSW0 iri 0, saka, ndiyo mudzi switch pachayo. Nokudaro, mushure mekushandura zvidzitiro, nekuda kwekushandiswa kwe STP, Root Bridge yakasarudzwa pakarepo uye network yakatanga kushanda. Iwe unogona kuona kuti kudzivirira loop, iyo yepamusoro port Fa0 / 2 ye switch SW2 yakaiswa kune iyo Kuvharira mamiriro, asi iyo iyo orenji ruvara rwemakaki inoratidza.
Ngatiendei kune SW0 switch settings console toshandisa akati wandei mirairo. Yekutanga ndeye show spanning-tree command, mushure mekupinda iyo isu ticharatidzwa ruzivo nezve PSTV + modhi yeVLAN1 pachiratidziri. Kana tikashandisa maVLAN akati wandei, imwe block yeruzivo ichaonekwa pazasi pehwindo kune yechipiri uye inotevera network inoshandiswa.
Iwe unogona kuona kuti STP protocol inowanikwa pasi peIEEE standard, zvinoreva kushandisa PVSTP +. Nehunyanzvi, iyi haisi .1d mwero. Iyo zvakare inoratidza iyo Root ID ruzivo: pamberi 32769, MAC kero yemudzi mudziyo, mutengo 19, nezvimwe. Izvi zvinoteverwa neiyo Bridge ID ruzivo, iyo inotsanangura kukosha kwekutanga 32768 +1, uye inoteverwa neimwe kero yeMAC. Sezvauri kuona, ini ndakanganisa - iyo SW0 switch haisi midzi chinja, iyo mudzi switch ine akasiyana MAC kero yakapihwa muRot ID paramita. Ini ndinofunga izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuti SW0 yakagamuchira BPDU furemu ine ruzivo rwekuti imwe switch pane network ine chikonzero chakanaka chekutamba basa remidzi. Zvino tichafunga izvi.
(chinyorwa chemuturikiri: Root ID ndiyo identifier yemudzi switch, zvakafanana kune ese maturusi eVLAN imwechete inoshanda pasi peSTP protocol, Bridge ID ndiyo inozivisa switch yemuno sechikamu cheRoot Bridge, inogona kusiyana switch dzakasiyana uye maVLAN akasiyana).
Chimwe chiitiko chinoratidza kuti SW0 haisi midzi midzi ndeyekuti mudzi wacho hauna Root Port, uye munyaya iyi pane zvose Root Port neDesignated Port zviri mumamiriro ekutumira. Iwe zvakare unoona iyo yekubatanidza mhando p2p, kana point-to-point. Izvi zvinoreva kuti madoko fa0/1 uye fa0/2 akabatana zvakananga kune vavakidzani switch.
Kana imwe chiteshi chakabatana kune hub, mhando yekubatanidza yaizosarudzwa sekugovaniswa, isu tichazotarisa izvi gare gare. Kana ndikapinda muchidimbu-muti wepfupi kuraira kuti ndione iyo pfupiso ruzivo, isu tichaona kuti switch iyi iri muPVSTP modhi, ichiteverwa nerunyorwa rwezvisingawanikwe pachiteshi mabasa.
Zvinotevera zvinoratidza chimiro uye nhamba yezviteshi zvinoshandira VLAN1: kuvharira 0, kuteerera 0, kudzidza 0, kune 2 zviteshi munzvimbo yekutumira mune STP modhi.
Tisati taenderera mberi nekuchinja SW2, ngatitarisei marongero e switch SW1. Kuti tiite izvi, isu tinoshandisa yakafanana show spanning-tree command.
Unogona kuona kuti kero yeMAC yeRoot ID yeswitch SW1 yakafanana neye SW0, nokuti midziyo yose iri padandemutande inogamuchira kero imwe chete yemudziyo weRoot Bridge painoungana, sezvo vachivimba nesarudzo yakaitwa ne STP. protocol. Sezvauri kuona, SW1 ndiyo midzi chinja, nekuti iyo Root ID uye Bridge ID kero zvakafanana. Mukuwedzera, kune meseji "switch iyi midzi".
Chimwe chiratidzo chemudzi wekuchinja ndechekuti haina Root ports, ese madoko anosarudzwa seAkasarudzwa. Kana zviteshi zvese zvichiratidzwa seZvakarongwa uye zviri mudanho rekutumira, saka une midzi switch.
Chinja SW3 ine ruzivo rwakafanana, uye ikozvino ndave kuchinjira kuSW2 nekuti imwe yemachiteshi ayo iri muBloking state. Ini ndinoshandisa iyo show spanning-tree command uye tinoona kuti iyo Root ID ruzivo uye kukosha kwekutanga kwakafanana nemamwe ma switch.
Zvinoratidzwazve kuti imwe yemachiteshi ndeye Alternative. Usavhiringike, iyo 802.1d standard inoidaidza kuti Kuvharira Port, uye muPVSTP chiteshi chakavharwa chinogara chichinzi Alternative. Saka, iyi imwe nzira Fa0/2 chiteshi iri munzvimbo yakavharwa, uye iyo Fa0/1 chiteshi inoita seMudzi Port.
Chiteshi chakavharwa chiri muchikamu chetiweki pakati pekuchinja SW0 uye chinja SW2, saka isu hatiite loop. Sezvauri kuona, ma switch anoshandisa p2p yekubatanidza nekuti hapana mimwe michina yakabatana navo.
Tine network inotenderera pamusoro peSTP protocol. Iye zvino ndichatora tambo uye zvakananga kubatanidza chinja SW2 kune bhiza chinja SW1. Mushure meizvozvo, ese SW2 madoko anozoratidzwa neorenji mamaki.
Kana tikashandisa iyo show spanning-tree summary command, tichaona kuti pakutanga zviteshi zviviri zviri muKuteerera, zvino vopinda muChidzidzo cheKudzidza, uye mushure memasekonzi mashoma kuenda kuForwarding state, nepo mucherechedzo uchichinja kuva. girinhi. Kana iwe zvino wapa show spanning-tree command, unogona kuona kuti Fa0/1, iyo yaimbove Root port, yapinda mukudzivirira uye yave kuzivikanwa seAlternative port.
Iyo Fa0/3 chiteshi, iyo midzi switch tambo yakabatana, yave Root port, uye Fa0/2 chiteshi chave chakasarudzwa Chiteshi. Ngatitarisei imwe nzira yekuenderera mberi kwekusangana. Ndichabvisa tambo yeSW2-SW1 ndodzokera kune yakapfuura topology. Unogona kuona kuti zviteshi zveSW2 zvinotanga kuvharika uye kuita orenji zvakare, wobva wapfuura nemumatunhu ekuteerera nekudzidza uye wozopedzisira wave mudunhu reKuendesa mberi. Muchiitiko ichi, chiteshi chimwe chinoshanduka girini, uye chechipiri, chakabatana neSW0 switch, chinoramba chiri orenji. Iyo convergence process yakatora nguva yakati rebei, yakadai ndiyo mitengo yebasa reSTP.
Zvino ngatitarisei kuti RSTP inoshanda sei. Ngatitange neiyo SW2 switch uye tiise iyo inotenderera-muti modhi nekukurumidza-pvst kuraira muzvirongwa zvayo. Uyu murairo une maviri chete parameter sarudzo: pvst uye nekukurumidza-pvst, ini ndinoshandisa yechipiri. Mushure mekupinda murairo, shanduko inoshandura kuRPVST modhi, unogona kutarisa izvi nekuratidzira kutenderera-muti wekuraira.
Pakutanga, unoona meseji inotaura kuti isu tava neRSTP protocol inoshanda. Zvimwe zvese zvakaramba zvisina kushanduka. Ipapo ini ndinofanira kuita zvimwe chete kune mamwe ese maturusi, uye izvi zvinopedzisa iyo RSTP kuseta. Ngatitarisei kuti protocol iyi inoshanda sei nenzira yatakaitira STP.
Ini zvakare tambo yekuchinjisa SW2 yakananga kumudzi chinja SW1 - ngationei kuti kumhanyisa kunoitika sei. Ini ndinonyora iyo show spanning-muti pfupiso yekuraira uye ndoona kuti maviri switch ports ari muBloking state, 1 iri muForwarding state.
Iwe unogona kuona kuti convergence yakaitika pakarepo, saka iwe unogona kuona kuti yakakurumidza sei RSTP kupfuura STP. Tevere, isu tinogona kushandisa iyo spanning-muti portfast default command, iyo inoisa ese madoko pane switch mu portfast mode nekukasira. Izvi zvine basa kana mazhinji ekuchinja ports ari Edge ports akabatana zvakananga kune mauto. Kana isu tiine imwe isiri-Edge chiteshi, tinoidzosera kune inotenderera-muti modhi.
Kuti ugadzirise basa neVLAN, unogona kushandisa iyo spanning-muti vlan <nhamba> yekuraira neinotungamira paramita (inoisa pombi yekuchinjisa yepakati-muti) kana mudzi (inoisa switch semudzi). Isu tinoshandisa spanning-tree vlan 1 priority command, tichitsanangura chero akawanda e4096 muchikamu kubva pa0 kusvika 61440 sechinonyanya kukosha.Nenzira iyi, unogona kushandura nemaoko kukosha kwechero VLAN.
Iwe unogona kuburitsa iyo spanning-muti vlan 1 midzi yekuraira nechero yekutanga kana yechipiri sarudzo kugadzirisa yekutanga kana backup midzi chiteshi kune imwe network. Kana ndikashandisa spanning-tree vlan 1 midzi yekutanga, chiteshi ichi chichava chekutanga midzi yeVLAN1.
Ini ndichapinda kuratidza kutenderera-muti murayiro, uye tichaona kuti chinja ichi SW2 ane pokutanga 24577, MAC kero of Root ID uye Bridge ID zvakafanana, zvinoreva kuti zvino yava mudzi chinja.
Iwe unogona kuona kuti kukurumidza kwe convergence uye kushandura mabasa kwakaitika sei. Ikozvino ini ndichadzima main switch modhi isina kutenderera-muti vlan 1 mudzi wekutanga command, mushure meizvozvo kukosha kwayo kuchadzokera kune yakambokosha kukosha kwe32769, uye basa remudzi switch richaenda zvakare kuSW1.
Ngationei kuti portfast inoshanda sei. Ini ndichaisa murairo int f0 / 1, enda kune zvigadziro zvechiteshi ichi uye shandisa murairo we-spring-tree, mushure mezvo hurongwa huchakurudzira mararamiro eparameter.
Tevere, ini ndinoshandisa iyo spanning-tree portfast command, iyo inogona kuiswa nesarudzo disable (inodzima portfast yechiteshi ichi) kana trunk (inogonesa portfast yechiteshi ichi, kunyangwe muhunde modhi).
Kana iwe ukapinda spanning-tree portfast, ipapo basa rinongobatidza pachiteshi ichi. Iyo inotenderera-muti bpduguard inogonesa kuraira inofanirwa kushandiswa kugonesa iyo BPDU Guard chimiro, iyo inotenderera-muti bpduguard disable command inodzima ichi chimiro.
Ndichakurumidza kukuudza chimwe chinhuzve. Kana yeVLAN1 iyo interface yekuchinja SW2 munzira yeSW3 yakavharwa, saka nemamwe marongero eimwe VLAN, semuenzaniso, VLAN2, iyo yakafanana interface inogona kuve mudzi wechiteshi. Nekudaro, iyo sisitimu inogona kuita traffic traffic balancing mechanism - mune imwe nyaya, iyi network segment haishandiswe, mune imwe, inoshandiswa.
Ini ndicharatidza zvinoitika kana isu tine yakagovaniswa interface kana tichibatanidza hub. Ini ndichawedzera hubhu kune dhayagiramu uye kubatanidza kune SW2 switch netambo mbiri.
The show spanning-tree command icharatidza mufananidzo unotevera.
Fa0/5 (pazasi kuruboshwe chiteshi cheiyo switch) inova chiteshi chekuchengetedza, uye chiteshi Fa0/4 (pazasi chekurudyi chiteshi cheiyo switch) inova yakapihwa chiteshi. Mhando yezviteshi zviviri zvakajairika, kana kugovaniswa. Izvi zvinoreva kuti iyo hub-switch interface segment ndeye yakagovaniswa network.
Nekuda kwekushandiswa kweRSTP, takawana kupatsanurwa mune dzimwe nzira uye backup ports. Kana tikachinja SW2 switch to pvst modhi ine spanning-tree mode pvst command, tichaona kuti Fa0 / 5 interface yachinja kune Alternative state zvakare, nekuti parizvino hapana mutsauko pakati pechiteshi chekuchengetedza uye imwe chiteshi.
Chakanga chiri chidzidzo chakareba, uye kana iwe usinganzwisise chimwe chinhu, ndinokupa zano kuti udzokorore zvakare.
Ndinokutendai nekugara nesu. Unoda zvinyorwa zvedu here? Unoda kuona zvimwe zvinonakidza zvemukati? Titsigire nekuisa odha kana kukurudzira kushamwari, 30% kuderedzwa kwevashandisi veHabr pane yakasarudzika analogue yekupinda-level maseva, iyo yakagadzirwa nesu kuti iwe: (inowanikwa neRAID1 uye RAID10, kusvika ku24 cores uye kusvika ku40GB DDR4).
Dell R730xd kaviri zvakachipa? Chete pano muNetherlands! Dell R420 - 2x E5-2430 2.2Ghz 6C 128GB DDR3 2x960GB SSD 1Gbps 100TB - kubva pamadhora makumi mapfumbamwe nemapfumbamwe! Verenga nezve
Source: www.habr.com