Vhidhiyo yemazuva ano yekudzidzisa paDistance Vector uye Link State routing protocol inotangira imwe yemisoro yakakosha yeCCNA kosi - OSPF neEIGRP routing protocol. Ichi chinyorwa chichatora 4 kana kunyange matanhatu anotevera vhidhiyo tutorials. Naizvozvo, nhasi ndichataura muchidimbu nezvepfungwa shoma dzaunofanira kuziva usati watanga kudzidza nezve OSPF uye EIGRP.
Muchidzidzo chekupedzisira, takaongorora chikamu 2.1 che ICND2 musoro, uye nhasi tichadzidza zvikamu 2.2 "Kufanana uye kusiyana pakati pezvibvumirano zvemavector Distance Vector (DV) uye Link State (LS) nzira dzekukurukurirana" uye 2.3 "Kufanana uye kusiyana pakati pemukati nekunze routing protocol ".
Sezvandataura, mumavhidhiyo mana kana matanhatu anotevera tichabata misoro yakakosha yekosi yese - OSPFv4 ye IPv6, OSPFv2 ye IPv4, EIGRP ye IPv3 uye EIGRP ye IPv6. Vadzidzi vanowanzondibvunza kuti Routing protocol chii uye kuti yakasiyana sei neiyo Routed/Routable protocol.
Iyo routing protocol inoshandiswa neiyo router, yakadai seRIP, EIGRP, OSPF, BGP, nevamwe. A routing protocol inzira yekuti ma routers ataurirane nemumwe mavanotsinhana ruzivo nezve network uye nekuzadza matafura avo ekufambisa neruzivo irworwo. Zvichienderana nematafura aya, ivo vanoita sarudzo dzenzira.
Mushure mekunge ma routers "ataurirana" kune mumwe nemumwe uye akazadza matafura ekufambisa, aita zvese izvi nerubatsiro rweprotocol yenzira, vanoita sarudzo nezvekutumira traffic kune mamwe ma network. Inoshandisa routable protocol inobvumira ma routers kumberi kana nzira traffic. Aya maprotocol anosanganisira IPv4 uye IPv6.
Saka, iyo routing protocol inovimbisa kuti matafura ekufambisa akazadzwa neruzivo, uye iyo routable protocol inovimbisa kuti traffic inofambiswa zvinoenderana neruzivo rwuri mumatafura aya. Kutenda kuIPv4 kana IPv6, iyo data yakafambiswa yakavharidzirwa uye inopihwa neIP misoro, sekuratidzwa kwemazita ezvibvumirano izvi, IP.
Mubvunzo unotevera uri pamusoro pekusiyana pakati peInterior Gateway Protocol uye Exterior Gateway Protocol. Usarega izwi rekuti "gedhi" richikunyengedza. Kazhinji, ma routers anoshandiswa mune yakazvimirira system. Ngatiti iwe une ma router makumi mashanu mukambani yako uchishandisa chero IP protocol yaunoda. Vose vanoumba hurongwa hwekuzvimiririra, kureva kuti, vanoshandiswa uye vanotungamirirwa nekambani imwe, sangano rimwe.
Saka, maprotocol anoshandiswa kupa nzira mukati meiyo yakazvimirira system inodaidzwa kuti yemukati gedhi protocol, uye maprotocol ekufambisa kunze kwehurongwa anonzi ekunze gedhi protocol. Iyo Yekunze Gateway Protocol inopa nzira pakati peakasiyana Autonomous Systems. Imwe yakadaro system inogona kunge iri ISP yako, uye system yavo inogona kusvika ku200 routers. Autonomous masisitimu anoshandisa yekunze gedhi protocol kutaurirana kune mumwe nemumwe.
Yemukati magedhi mapuroteni iRIP, OSPF, EIGRP, uye imwe protocol parizvino inoshandiswa seyekunze gedhi protocol - BGP.
Tsanangudzo mbiri dzinotevera dzaunofanirwa kunzwisisa ndidzo Distance Vector uye Link State. Aya ndiwo marudzi maviri emukati gedhi routing protocol.
Ngatitii tine ma routers matatu akabatana kune mumwe nemumwe uye kune 3/192.168.10.0 network. Ngativadaidzei A, B, uye C. Kubva kuICND24 kosi, tinoziva zvinoitika paunoshandisa RIP.
Nekuti Router B iri padhuze nenetiweki 192.168.10.0/24, Router B inotumira kushambadza nezve network iyi kutanga kuRouter A uye Router C. Router C inoendesawo chiziviso ichi kuRouter A. Router A inogamuchira ruzivo nezve network 192.168.10.0. interface. - f24/0 uye f0/0. Sezvo iyo RIPv1 protocol inoshandisa iyo Hop Count metric, inoudza iyo router kuti nzira yakakwana yekusvika kune iyi network iri kuburikidza neRouter B, nekuti ipapo network inogona kusvikwa mune imwe hop. Kana ukashandisa f2/192.168.10.0 interface kuti utaure ne 24/0 network, ipapo 1 hops ichadiwa. Saka, kubva pakuona kwe router A, zvichave zvakakwana kushandisa f2 / 0 interface. A inoita sarudzo iyi nekuti inoshandisa RIP, iri chinhambwe vector protocol.
Maererano nemufananidzo wakaratidzwa, tinoona kuti iyi ndiyo mhinduro yakarurama, nokuti chinhambwe chiri pakati peA neB ndicho chipfupi. Asi chii chinoitika kana ndikataura kuti pane 64 kbps mutsetse pakati peA naB, uye 100 Mbps mutsetse pakati peC naB, uye mutsetse mumwechete uri pakati peC naA?
Ndeipi nzira pasi pemamiriro akadai ichava yakanyanya kunaka?
Zvechokwadi, 100 megabits pamutsara wechipiri iri nani kudarika 64 kilobits pamutsara wechipiri, kunyange kana nzira kuburikidza nayo inotora 2 hops panzvimbo imwe. Nekudaro, iyo chinhambwe vector protocol RIP haifungi nezve kumhanya kwekufambiswa kwemotokari, sezvo sarudzo yenzira yakakwana inotungamirwa nehuwandu hushoma hwemahops. Muchiitiko ichi, zviri nani kushandisa Link State protocol yakadai seOSPF. Iyi protocol inotarisa mutengo wenzira, uye nekuwana iyo "yakachipa" imwe, inotumira traffic munzira Router A - Router C - Router B.
Kuenzaniswa neRIP, OSPF yakanyanya kuomarara, ichitora zvinhu zvakawanda mukufunga pakusarudza nzira yakanakisa, uye nekutsvaga nzira ipfupi maererano nemametrics.
EIGRP yaimbova Cisco proprietary routing protocol uye ikozvino yakazaruka mwero. Iko kusanganiswa kweakanakisa maficha echinhambwe vector protocol uye network network protocol. Inotora mukufunga zvese bandwidth uye kunonoka kwetiweki. Sezvaunoziva, kureba kwenzira, ndiko kuti, kuwanda kwemahops, kunowedzera kunonoka. Naizvozvo, iyo EIGRP protocol inosarudza nzira ine yakawandisa yekupfuura uye kushoma kwese kunonoka nekuenzanisa nzira metrics. Iyo inoratidzwa throughput uye latency chikamu cheformula yakavakirwa pane iyo sarudzo yenzira inoitwa.
Uyu ndiwo mutsauko uripo pakati peiyo Distance Vector uye Link State protocol. Distance vector protocols inongofunga kureba kwenzira, nepo Link State protocol inotarisa mamiriro etiweki munzira yenzira, senge kumhanya uye kubuda.
EIGRP ihybrid routing protocol sezvo ichibatanidza maficha ezvose zviri pamusoro apa. Kubva pakuona kwaCisco, iyi ndiyo yakanakisa nzira yekufambisa, saka inofarirwa nevainjiniya vese vekambani, asi iyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa protocol munyika ndeye OSPF. Chikonzero ndechekuti EIGRP ichangobva kuve yakavhurika mwero, saka vechitatu-bato vatengesi havana chokwadi chekuenderana kwayo netiweki michina yavo.
Funga kuti ndechipi chiyero chekuvimba muprotocol. Kana router A inogamuchira ruzivo rwenzira kubva kune maviri akasiyana masosi, inoshandisa fomula yekusarudza kuti ndeipi yenzira mbiri yekuisa mutafura yekufambisa. Zviri nyore nekuti anotarisa nzira paramita B-A uye AC-B, anozvienzanisa uye anoita sarudzo yakanaka. Ehe, OSPF zvakare kutakura zviyero, ndiko kuti, kana nzira mbiri dzine mutengo wakafanana, zvino inoita kuyera kuyera. Tichaongorora nyaya iyi zvakadzama mumavhidhiyo anotevera, asi nhasi ndinongoda kuti iwe ungoziva nezvazvo.
Ngatitarisei patafura inotevera. Pazasi ini ndichadhirowazve ma routers A, B uye C, ayo anoumba inozvimiririra network system mukambani yako. Ngatitii kambani yako yawana imwe kambani ine system ine marouters A1, B1, uye C1. Saka, wava nemakambani maviri, imwe neimwe ine network yayo. Ngatitii yekutanga inoshandisa EIGRP protocol, uye yechipiri inoshandisa OSPF.
Ehe, unogona kugadziridza network yako kuti ushandise OSPF, kana kushandura network yekambani yako yawakawana kuEIGRP, asi iro iboka rose rebasa rekutonga. Kune kambani diki, izvi zvichiri kuitwa, asi kana kambani yakakura, saka iyi ibasa rakakura. Muchiitiko ichi, unogona kugovera zvakare, ndiko kuti, tora nzira dzeEIGRP uye ugovagovera pamusoro peOSPF, uye kugoverazve nzira dzeOSPF pamusoro peEIGRP. Zvinogoneka chaizvo. Kuti uite izvi, imwe yevashandi vekambani yako inofanira kushanda pamitemo miviri - EIGRP uye OSPF, ngatiti ichava router B. Ichava netafura yekufambisa, apo dzimwe nzira dzinowanikwa kubva kuEIGRP, uye dzimwe kubva kuOSPF. Ngatiti isu tine imwe network iyo makambani ese ari maviri akabatana nawo. Muchiitiko ichi, kambani yekutanga ichashandisa nzira dzetafura yeEIGRP kuti itaurirane nayo, uye yechipiri ichashandisa nzira kubva kune OSPF protocol, uye zvichange zvakaoma zvikuru kuenzanisa nzira idzi dzakagamuchirwa kubva kwakasiyana-siyana, nokuti imwe neimwe ye ivo vanosarudza yakanakisa nzira zvinoenderana neyayo metrics.
Muchiitiko ichi, pfungwa yeAdministrative Distance, kana kureba kwekutonga, inoshandiswa. Iyo inobatsira iyo router kusarudza yakanyanya kunaka nzira kubva kune akati wandei nzira dzinowanikwa kubva kwakasiyana routing protocol. Semuenzaniso, kana router B yakabatana zvakananga kune router C, ipapo nzvimbo yekutonga ichava 0, iyo ndiyo nzira yakavimbika zvikuru. Ngatitii A anozivisa B kuti iye zvakare anokwanisa kuwana C, iyo iyo router B ichamupindura: "Ndinokutendai neruzivo rwenyu, asi router C yakabatana neni zvakananga, saka ini ndinosarudza sarudzo ine diki yekutonga chinhambwe, uye kwete iyo sarudzo yekutaura kuburikidza newe".
Iyo nhanho yekutonga inoratidza chiyero chekuvimba muprotocol. Iyo idiki nhambwe yekutonga, iyo huru trust. Inotevera yakavimbika sarudzo mushure mekubatana kwakananga ndeye static yekubatanidza ine administrative chinhambwe che 1. The trust level yeEIGRP i90, OSPF 110, uye RIP 120.
Saka, kana EIGRP uye OSPF zvose zvinomiririra imwechete network, router ichavimba neruzivo rwekufambisa rwakagamuchirwa kubva kuEIGRP, nokuti iyi protocol ine nzvimbo yekutonga ye90, iri pasi peiyo OSPF.
Ndinokutendai nekugara nesu. Unoda zvinyorwa zvedu here? Unoda kuona zvimwe zvinonakidza zvemukati? Titsigire nekuisa odha kana kukurudzira kushamwari, 30% kuderedzwa kwevashandisi veHabr pane yakasarudzika analogue yekupinda-level maseva, iyo yakagadzirwa nesu kuti iwe: (inowanikwa neRAID1 uye RAID10, kusvika ku24 cores uye kusvika ku40GB DDR4).
Dell R730xd kaviri zvakachipa? Chete pano muNetherlands! Dell R420 - 2x E5-2430 2.2Ghz 6C 128GB DDR3 2x960GB SSD 1Gbps 100TB - kubva pamadhora makumi mapfumbamwe nemapfumbamwe! Verenga nezve
Source: www.habr.com