Tikugashirei kune nyika yekuchinja! Nhasi tichataura nezve switch. Ngatifungei kuti uri manetiweki maneja uye uri muhofisi yekambani nyowani. Maneja anouya kwauri ne-kunze-kwe-bhokisi switch uye anokukumbira kuti uimise. Unogona kufunga kuti tiri kutaura nezve yakajairika magetsi chinja (muChirungu, shoko chinja rinoreva zvose netiweki chinja uye magetsi chinja - mushanduri noti), asi izvi hazvina kudaro - zvinoreva network chinja, kana Cisco chinja.
Saka, maneja anokupa iyo itsva Cisco switch, iyo inoshongedzerwa neakawanda mainterface. Inogona kunge iri 8,16 kana 24 port switch. Muchiitiko ichi, siraidhi inoratidza switch ine 48 ports kumberi, yakakamurwa kuita 4 zvikamu zve12 ports. Sezvatinoziva kubva muzvidzidzo zvakapfuura, kune akati wandei mamwe mainterface kuseri kwe switch, imwe yacho iri console port. Iyo console port inoshandiswa kune yekunze kupinda kune mudziyo uye inobvumidza iwe kuti uone kuti switch yekushanda system iri kurodha sei.
Isu takatokurukura nyaya yacho kana iwe uchida kubatsira mumwe wako uye kushandisa kure kure desktop. Iwe unobatana nekombuta yake, ita shanduko, asi kana iwe uchida kuti shamwari yako itangezve komputa, iwe ucharasikirwa nekuwana uye hauzokwanise kuona zviri kuitika pachiratidziro panguva yekurodha. Iyi nyaya inoitika kana iwe usina yekunze yekuwana mudziyo uyu uye wakangobatanidzwa pairi netiweki.
Asi kana iwe uine yekupinda kunze kwenyika, unogona kuona iyo boot skrini, IOS unpacking uye mamwe maitiro. Imwe nzira yekuwana iyi mudziyo ndeyekubatanidza kune chero yekumberi zviteshi. Kana iwe wakagadzirisa IP kero manejimendi pamudziyo uyu, sezvakaratidzwa muvhidhiyo iyi, unozokwanisa kuiwana kuburikidza neTelnet. Dambudziko nderekuti iwe ucharasikirwa nekuwana uku kana mudziyo uchinge wadzima.
Ngatione kuti iwe ungaita sei yekutanga kuseta yekuchinja kutsva. Tisati taenda zvakananga kune zvigadziro zvekugadzirisa, tinoda kuunza mitemo mishoma inokosha.
Kune akawanda evhidhiyo tutorials, ndakashandisa GNS3, emulator inobvumidza iwe kutevedzera iyo Cisco IOS inoshanda sisitimu. Muzviitiko zvakawanda ndinoda zvinopfuura mudziyo mumwe, semuenzaniso kana ndiri kuratidza kuti nzira inoitwa sei. Muchiitiko ichi, ndingada, semuenzaniso, zvishandiso zvina. Panzvimbo pekutenga midziyo yemuviri, ndinogona kushandisa sisitimu yekushandisa yeimwe yemidziyo yangu, kuibatanidza kuGNS3, uye kutevedzera iyo IOS pane akati wandei madhizaini mamiriro.
Saka ini handidi kuti ndive nemarouta mashanu, ndinogona kuva nerouta imwe chete. Ini ndinogona kushandisa sisitimu yekushandisa pakombuta yangu, kuisa emulator, uye kuwana 5 mudziyo zviitiko. Tichatarisa maitiro ekuita izvi mune gare gare vhidhiyo tutorials, asi nhasi dambudziko nekushandisa GNS3 emulator nderekuti hazvibviri kutevedzera chinja nayo, nekuti Cisco switch ine hardware ASIC chips. Iyo yakakosha IC iyo inonyatso gadzira switch, saka haugone kungotevedzera iyi hardware basa.
Kazhinji, emulator yeGNS3 inobatsira kushanda neshanduko, asi pane mamwe mabasa asingagone kuitwa nekuishandisa. Saka kune iyi dzidziso uye mamwe mavhidhiyo, ndakashandisa imwe Cisco software inonzi Cisco Packet Tracer. Usandibvunza kuti ndingawana sei mukana weCisco Packet Tracer, unogona kuziva nezvazvo uchishandisa Google, ini ndinongotaura kuti unofanirwa kuve nhengo yeNetwork Academy kuti uwane iyi mukana.
Unogona kuwana Cisco Packet Tracer, unogona kuwana mudziyo wenyama kana GNS3, unogona kushandisa chero chezvishandiso izvi uchidzidza Cisco ICND kosi. Unogona kushandisa GNS3 kana uine router, inoshanda sisitimu uye chinja uye ichashanda pasina matambudziko, unogona kushandisa mudziyo wepanyama kana Packet Tracer - ingosarudza zvinokunakira iwe.
Asi muzvidzidzo zvangu zvevhidhiyo ndichashandisa Packet Tracer chaizvo, saka ndichave nemavhidhiyo akati wandei, imwe chete yePacket Tracer uye imwe chete yeGNS3, ndichaitumira munguva pfupi, asi parizvino tichashandisa. Packet Tracer. Hezvino zvazvinoita. Kana iwewo uchikwanisa kuwana Network Academy, iwe uchakwanisa kuwana purogiramu iyi, uye kana zvisingaiti, unogona kushandisa mamwe maturusi.
Saka, sezvo nhasi tiri kutaura nezve switch, ini ndichatarisa chinhu cheSwitches, sarudza shanduko yemhando ye2960 yakatevedzana uye dhonza icon yayo muhwindo rechirongwa. Kana ndikadzvanya kaviri pane iyi icon, ini ndichaenda kune yekuraira mutsara interface.
Tevere, ini ndinoona kuti switch yekushandisa system inorodha sei.
Kana iwe ukatora mudziyo wenyama wochibatanidza nekombuta, iwe uchaona iwo chaiwo mufananidzo wekubhomba Cisco IOS. Iwe unogona kuona kuti iyo inoshanda sisitimu yakavhurwa, uye iwe unogona kuverenga zvimwe zvezvisungo zvekushandisa software uye rezinesi chibvumirano, ruzivo rwekodzero ... zvese izvi zvinoratidzwa muhwindo iri.
Zvadaro, nzvimbo iyo OS iri kushanda icharatidzwa, munyaya iyi WS-C2690-24TT chinja, uye mabasa ose e hardware acharatidzwa. Iyo purogiramu yepurogiramu inoratidzwawo pano. Tevere, tinoenda zvakananga kumutsara wekuraira, kana iwe uchirangarira, pano isu tine mazano kune mushandisi. Semuenzaniso, chiratidzo ( > ) chinokukoka iwe kuti uise murairo. Kubva paZuva 5 vhidhiyo yekudzidzisa, iwe unoziva kuti iyi ndiyo yekutanga, yakaderera modhi yekuwana zvigadziriso zvemudziyo, iyo inonzi mushandisi EXEC modhi. Uku kuwana kunogona kuwanikwa kubva kune chero Cisco mudziyo.
Kana iwe ukashandisa Packet Tracer, iwe unowana isina OOB yekuwana kune mudziyo uye unogona kuona kuti mudziyo unokwira sei. Ichi chirongwa chinoteedzera kuwana kune switch kuburikidza neiyo console port. Iwe unochinja sei kubva mushandisi EXEC modhi kuenda kune yakasarudzika EXEC modhi? Unonyora murairo wekuti "gonesa" worova pinda, unogona zvakare kushandisa zano nekungotaipa "en" uye wowana zvingangoita zvekuraira sarudzo uchitanga nemavara iwayo. Kana iwe ukangoisa vara "e", mudziyo haunzwisise zvauri kureva nekuti pane mirairo mitatu inotanga na "e", asi kana ndikanyora "en", iyo system inonzwisisa kuti izwi chete rinotanga neizvi. mavara maviri ndeaya anogonesa. Saka, nekupinda uyu murairo, iwe unowana mukana kune yakasarudzika Exec modhi.
Mune iyi modhi, tinogona kuita zvese zvakaratidzwa pane yechipiri slide - shandura zita remugadziri, isa bhana rekupinda, Telnet password, gonesa password yekupinda, gadzira iyo IP kero, isa iyo default gedhi, ipa murairo wekudzima iyo. mudziyo, kanzura yakapinda kare mirairo uye chengetedza shanduko yekuchinja yakaitwa.
Iyi ndiyo mirairo gumi yaunoshandisa paunotanga mudziyo. Kuti uise aya ma parameter, unofanirwa kushandisa iyo global configuration mode, iyo yatichashandura ikozvino.
Saka, yekutanga parameter ndiro zita remuenzi, rinoshanda kumudziyo wose, saka kuchinja kunoitwa mukugadzirisa kwepasi rose. Kuti tiite izvi, tinoisa Shandura (config) # parameter pamutsara wekuraira. Kana ini ndichida kushandura zita remugadziri, ini ndinoisa zita remugamuchiri NetworKing mumutsara uyu, dzvanya Enter, uye ini ndinoona kuti Chinja zita remudziyo rachinja kuita NetworKing. Kana iwe ukajoina switch iyi kunetiweki uko kwatove nemimwe michina yakawanda, zita iri rinoshanda sechiziviso charo pakati pemamwe madivayiri etiweki, saka edza kuuya nezita rakasiyana rekuchinja kwako rine zvarinoreva. Saka, kana switch iyi yakaiswa, toti, muhofisi yemutungamiriri, saka unogona kuitumidza kuti AdminFloor1Room2. Saka, kana iwe ukapa mudziyo zita rine musoro, zvichave nyore kwauri kuti uone kuti ndeipi switch yauri kubatanidza nayo. Izvi zvakakosha, sezvo zvichakubatsira kuti usavhiringike mumidziyo sezvo network ichiwedzera.
Inotevera inouya iyo Logon Banner parameter. Ichi ndicho chinhu chekutanga icho chero munhu anopinda mumudziyo uyu ane login achaona. Iyi parameter yakaiswa uchishandisa #banner command. Tevere, unogona kuisa chidimbu motd, Mharidzo yeZuva, kana "meseji yezuva". Kana ndikaisa chiratidzo mumutsetse, ndinowana meseji yakaita sekuti: LINE ine banner-mavara ane.
Zvinotaridza kuvhiringa, asi zvinongoreva kuti iwe unogona kuisa mavara kubva kune chero mavara kunze kwe "s", iyo mune ino kesi inoparadzanisa hunhu. Saka ngatitangei neampersand (&). Ini ndinodzvanya pinda uye sisitimu inoti iwe unogona ikozvino kuisa chero chinyorwa chebhanari uye wochipedzisa neamwechete hunhu (&) unotanga mutsara. Saka ndakatanga neampersand uye ndinofanira kupedzisa meseji yangu neampersand.
Ini ndichatanga banner rangu nemutsara weasterisks (*) uye pamutsara unotevera ini ndichanyora "Iyo yakanyanya njodzi switch! Usapinda"! Ndinofunga zvakanaka, chero munhu achatya kuona banner rekugamuchira rakadai.
Iri ndiro "shoko rezuva" rangu. Kuti nditarise kuti inotaridzika sei pachiratidziri, ndinodzvanya CTRL + Z kuti uchinje kubva kune yepasi rose modhi kuenda kune yakasarudzika EXEC modhi, kubva kwandinogona kubuda marongero. Aya ndiwo mataridzike meseji yangu pachiratidziri uye aya ndiwo mabatiro anoita chero munhu anopinda mune ino switch anozviona. Iyi ndiyo inonzi login banner. Iwe unogona kugadzira uye kunyora chero chaunoda, asi ini ndinokupa zano kuti uzvitore zvakanyanya. Ndinoreva, vamwe vanhu panzvimbo pezvinyorwa zvine musoro vakaisa mapikicha ezviratidzo izvo zvisina kutakura chero semantic mutoro sebhena rekugamuchira. Hapana chinogona kukumisa kuita "kusika" kwakadai, ingo rangarira kuti nekuwedzera mavara uri kuremedza ndangariro yemudziyo (RAM) uye faira rekugadzirisa rinoshandiswa pakutanga system. Iyo yakawanda mavara mufaira iyi, iyo inononoka switch inoremerwa, saka edza kudzikisa iyo yekumisikidza faira, uchiita kuti zviri mukati mebhena zvive crisp uye zvakajeka.
Tevere, isu tichatarisa pasiwedhi pane iyo Console Password. Inodzivirira vanhu vasina kujairika kupinda muchina. Ngatifungei kuti wasiya mudziyo wakavhurika. Kana ndiri hacker, ini ndichabatanidza laptop yangu netambo yekoni kune switch, shandisa iyo console kupinda mukati uye kuchinja password kana kuita chimwe chinhu chakaipa. Asi kana ukashandisa password pane console port, ini ndinogona chete kupinda neiyi password. Iwe haudi kuti mumwe munhu angopinda mukoni uye achinje chimwe chinhu mune yako switch marongero. Saka ngatitarisei kugadziridzwa kwazvino kutanga.
Sezvo ndiri mu config mode, ndinogona kunyora do sh run commands. Iyo show run command ndeye yakasarudzika EXEC modhi yekuraira. Kana ini ndichida kupinda pasi rose modhi kubva pane iyi modhi, ini ndinofanira kushandisa iyo "ita" kuraira. Kana tikatarisa mutsara wekoni, tinoona kuti nekusingaperi hapana password uye mutsara con 0 inoratidzwa. Uyu mutsara unowanikwa mune chimwe chikamu, uye pasi pane chimwe chikamu chekugadzirisa faira.
Sezvo pasina chinhu muchikamu che "line console", izvi zvinoreva kuti pandinobatana neshanduko kuburikidza nechiteshi chekoni, ndichawana mukana wakananga kune koni. Zvino, kana iwe ukanyora "kuguma", unogona kudzokera kune yakasarudzika modhi uye kubva ipapo enda kumushandisi mode. Kana ndikadzvanya Enter izvozvi, ini ndinoenda ndakananga mumutsara wekuraira mutsara, nekuti hapana password pano, zvikasadaro chirongwa chaizondikumbira kuti chiise zvigadziriso.
Saka, ngatidzvanya "Enter" uye tonyora mutsara con 0 pamutsetse, nekuti muCisco zvishandiso zvese zvinotanga kubva mukutanga. Sezvo isu tine koni imwe chete, yakapfupikiswa "con". Zvino, kupa password, semuenzaniso izwi rekuti "Cisco", isu tinofanirwa kutaipa yekuraira password cisco muNetworKing (config-line) # mutsara wodzvanya Enter.
Iye zvino takaisa password, asi isu tichiri kurasikirwa nechimwe chinhu. Ngatiedzei zvese zvakare uye tibude muzvirongwa. Kunyangwe isu takaisa password, iyo system haibvunze iyo. Sei?
Haabvunze password nekuti hatimubvunze. Isu takaisa password, asi hatina kutsanangura mutsara wainotariswa kana traffic ikatanga kusvika pachigadzirwa. Tinofanira kuitei? Tinofanira zvakare kudzokera kumutsara watine mutsara con 0, uye isa izwi rekuti "login".
Izvi zvinoreva kuti iwe unofanirwa kuona password, i.e. login inodiwa kuti upinde. Ngatitarisei zvatinazvo. Kuti uite izvi, buda zvigadziriso uye dzokera kubhanari hwindo. Iwe unogona kuona kuti pakarepo pazasi payo isu tine mutsara unoda kuti iwe uise password.
Kana ndikaisa password pano, ndinogona kuisa marongero emudziyo. Nenzira iyi, isu takanyatso kudzivirira kupinda kune mudziyo pasina mvumo yako, uye zvino avo chete vanoziva password vanogona kupinda muhurongwa.
Zvino maona kuti tine kadambudziko kadiki. Kana iwe ukanyora chimwe chinhu iyo system isinganzwisisi, inofunga kuti izita rezita uye inoedza kutsvaga zita renzvimbo yeserver nekubvumira kubatana kune IP kero 255.255.255.255.
Izvi zvinogona kuitika, uye ini ndichakuratidza nzira yekumisa iyi meseji kuti isaoneke. Iwe unogona kungomirira kusvika nguva yekukumbira yapera, kana kushandisa iyo keyboard nzira yekudimbudzira Kudzora + Shift + 6, dzimwe nguva inoshanda kunyangwe pamidziyo yepanyama.
Zvadaro tinoda kuve nechokwadi kuti hurongwa hahutsvaki zita rezita, nokuti izvi tinopinda "hapana IP-domain lookup" murairo uye tarisa kuti yakashanda sei.
Sezvauri kuona, ikozvino iwe unogona kushanda nemagadzirirwo ekuchinja pasina matambudziko. Kana isu zvakare tikabuda zvigadziriso kune yekugamuchira skrini uye tikaita chikanganiso chimwe chete, ndiko kuti, isa tambo isina chinhu, chishandiso hachizotambisi nguva kutsvaga zita rezita, asi chinongoratidza meseji "usingazivikanwi murairo".Saka, kuseta. password yekupinda ndechimwe chezvinhu zvikuru zvauchazoda kuita pane yako itsva Cisco mudziyo.
Tevere, isu tichafunga password yeTelnet protocol. Kana yepassword kune console isu taive ne "con 0" mumutsara, yepassword paTelnet iyo default parameter ndeye "mutsara vty", kureva kuti, password inogadziriswa mune chaiyo terminal mode, nekuti Telnet haisi yemuviri, asi mutsara chaiwo. Mutsara wekutanga vty parameter ndeye 0 uye yekupedzisira ndeye 15. Kana tikaisa parameter kusvika 15, zvinoreva kuti iwe unogona kugadzira mitsara gumi nematanhatu kuti uwane chigadzirwa ichi. Ndokunge, kana tiine michina yakati wandei panetiweki, kana tichibatanidza kuchinjika uchishandisa Telnet protocol, mudziyo wekutanga uchashandisa mutsara 16, wechipiri - mutsara 0, zvichingodaro kusvika mutsara wegumi neshanu. Nokudaro, vanhu gumi nevatanhatu vanogona kubatanidza kune shanduko panguva imwe chete, uye shanduko ichazivisa munhu wegumi nemanomwe paanenge achiedza kubatanidza kuti muganhu wekubatanidza wasvika.
Tinogona kuseta password yakajairwa kune ese gumi nematanhatu mitsara kubva pa16 kusvika 0, tichitevera iyo pfungwa yakafanana nekuisa password pane koni, ndiko kuti, isu tinoisa password yekuraira mumutsara uye kuseta password, semuenzaniso, izwi. "telnet", uye wobva waisa murairo "login". Izvi zvinoreva kuti hatidi kuti vanhu vapinde mumudziyo vachishandisa Telnet protocol vasina password. Naizvozvo, isu tinoraira kutarisa login uye chete mushure meiyo mvumo yekuwana kune system.
Parizvino, isu hatigone kushandisa Telnet, nekuti kuwana mudziyo kuburikidza neiyi protocol kunogona kuitwa chete mushure mekuisa IP kero pane switch. Naizvozvo, kuti titarise marongero eTelnet, ngatitangei tienderere mberi nekugadzirisa IP kero.
Sezvaunoziva, switch inoshanda pane layer 2 yeOSI modhi, ine 24 ports uye saka haigone kuve nechero IP kero. Asi isu tinofanirwa kupa IP kero kune iyi switch kana isu tichida kubatana nayo kubva kune imwe mudziyo kubata IP kero.
Saka, isu tinofanirwa kugovera imwe kero yeIP kune switch, iyo ichashandiswa kune IP manejimendi. Kuti tiite izvi, tichaisa imwe yemirairo yangu yandinofarira "ratidza ip interface pfupi" uye isu tichakwanisa kuona ese mainterface aripo pane iyi kifaa.
Saka, ndinoona kuti ndine makumi maviri nemana FastEthernet ports, maviri GigabitEthernet ports, uye imwe VLAN interface. VLAN is a virtual network, gare gare tichazonyatsotarisisa pfungwa yayo, ikozvino ini ndichataura kuti imwe neimwe switch inouya neine virtual interface inonzi VLAN interface. Izvi ndizvo zvatinoshandisa kugadzirisa switch.
Nokudaro, tichaedza kuwana iyi interface uye toisa vlan 1 parameter pamutsara wemirairo. Iye zvino unogona kuona kuti mutsara wemirairo wava NetworKing (config-if) #, zvinoreva kuti tiri muVLAN switch management interface. Iye zvino tichaisa murairo wekugadza IP kero seizvi: Ip wedzera 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0 uye tinya "Enter".
Isu tinoona kuti iyi interface yakaonekwa mune runyorwa rwema interfaces akanyorwa "administratively down". Kana iwe ukaona kunyorwa kwakadaro, zvinoreva kuti kune iyi interface kune "shutdown" murairo unokubvumira kuti uvhare chiteshi, uye munyaya iyi chiteshi ichi chakavharwa. Iwe unogona kumhanyisa uyu murairo pane chero interface ine "pasi" mucherechedzo mune yayo hunhu stack. Semuenzaniso, unogona kuenda kuFastEthernet0/23 kana FastEthernet0/24 interface, buritsa iyo "shutdown" kuraira, mushure meiyo chiteshi ichi chinozonyorwa se "administratively down" mune runyorwa rwemainterfaces, kureva, akaremara.
Saka, takatarisa kuti murairo wekudzima "shutdown" port unoshanda sei. Kuti ugone kugonesa chiteshi kana kugonesa chero chinhu muchinja, shandisa iyo Negating Command, kana "kuraira kuramba". Somuenzaniso, kwatiri kushandisa murairo wakadaro zvinoreva "hapana kuvhara". Uyu murairo wakapfava-izwi rimwechete "kwete" - kana murairo we "kudzima" uchireva "dzima mudziyo", ipapo "hapana kuvhara" murairo unoreva "kuvhura mudziyo". Saka, tichiregeredza chero murairo nechidimbu "kwete", isu tinoraira Cisco mudziyo kuti uite zvakapesana.
Iye zvino ini ndichaisa "show ip interface pfupi" murairo zvakare, uye iwe uchaona kuti mamiriro echiteshi cheVLAN yedu, iyo ikozvino ine IP kero ye 10.1.1.1, yachinja kubva "pasi" - "off" kusvika "kumusoro. β - "pa" , asi tambo yelogi ichiri kuti "pasi".
Sei VLAN protocol isiri kushanda? Nokuti iye zvino haaoni chero motokari inopfuura nepachiteshi ichi, sezvo, kana iwe uchiyeuka, pane chigadziro chimwe chete mumutambo wedu chaiwo - shanduko, uye munyaya iyi hapagoni kuva nemigwagwa. Naizvozvo, isu tichawedzera imwe imwe mudziyo kunetiweki, PC-PT(PC0) komputa yako.
Usazvinetse nezve Cisco Packet Tracer, mune imwe yeanotevera mavhidhiyo ini ndinokuratidza kuti chirongwa ichi chinoshanda sei zvakadzama, nekuti ikozvino tichangove neyakajairwa mhedziso yekugona kwayo.
Saka, ikozvino ini ndichamisa iyo PC simulation, tinya pane komputa icon uye mhanyisa tambo kubva kwairi kuenda kune yedu switch. Meseji yakaoneka muconsole ichitaura kuti mutsara weprotocol yeVLAN1 interface yakachinja mamiriro ayo kuita UP, sezvo isu taive netraffic kubva kuPC. Pakarepo iyo protocol yakaona kutaridzika kwetraffic, yakabva yangopinda mune yakagadzirira.
Kana iwe ukapa iyo "show ip interface pfupi" yekuraira zvakare, unogona kuona kuti iyo FastEthernet0 / 1 interface yakachinja mamiriro ayo uye mamiriro eprotocol yayo kusvika UP, nekuti yaive iyo iyo tambo kubva pakombuta yakabatana, kuburikidza. iyo traffic yakatanga kuyerera. Iyo VLAN interface yakakwirawo nekuti "yakaona" traffic pachiteshi ichocho.
Iye zvino tichadzvanya pane komputa icon kuti tione kuti chii. Izvi zvinongova kuenzanisa kweWindows PC, saka tichaenda kune network configuration settings kuti tipe kombiyuta IP kero ye 10.1.1.2 uye kupa subnet mask ye 255.255.255.0.
Hatidi gedhi rekutanga nekuti isu tiri panetiweki imwe chete neye switch. Iye zvino ndichaedza ping switch ne "ping 10.1.1.1" murairo, uye, sezvaunogona kuona, ping yakabudirira. Izvi zvinoreva kuti ikozvino komputa inogona kuwana shanduko uye isu tine IP kero ye 10.1.1.1 iyo iyo switch inotarisirwa.
Unogona kubvunza kuti sei chikumbiro chekutanga chekombuta chawana mhinduro ye "timeout". Izvi zvakakonzerwa nekuti komputa haina kuziva kero yeMAC yekuchinja uye yaifanira kutanga yatumira chikumbiro cheARP, saka yekutanga kufona kukero yeIP 10.1.1.1 yakakundikana.
Ngatiedzei kushandisa Telnet protocol nekunyora "telnet 10.1.1.1" mukoni. Isu tinotaurirana nekombuta iyi kuburikidza neTelnet protocol nekero 10.1.1.1, iyo isiri chinhu kunze kweiyo virtual switch interface. Mushure meizvozvo, mune yekuraira mutsara terminal hwindo, ini ndinobva ndaona yekugamuchira banner ye switch yatakaisa kare.
Panyama, shanduko iyi inogona kuwanikwa chero kupi - pane yechina kana pauriri hwekutanga hwehofisi, asi chero zvakadaro tinoiwana tichishandisa Telnet. Iwe unoona kuti switch iri kukumbira password. Chii chinonzi password? Isu takamisa mapassword maviri - imwe yekoni, imwe yeVTY. Ngatitangei kuedza kuisa password pa "cisco" console uye iwe unogona kuona kuti haina kugamuchirwa nehurongwa. Ipapo ini ndinoedza password "telnet" paVTY uye yakashanda. Switch yakagamuchira VTY password, saka mutsara vty password ndiyo inoshanda paTelnet protocol inoshandiswa pano.
Iye zvino ndinoedza kuisa murairo we "gonesa", iyo iyo system inopindura "hapana password yakaiswa" - "password haina kuiswa". Izvi zvinoreva kuti switch yakandibvumidza kupinda kune iyo mushandisi marongero modhi, asi haina kundipa rombo rakanaka. Kuti ndipinde mune yakasarudzika EXEC modhi, ini ndinofanira kugadzira iyo inonzi "gonesa password", i.e. gonesa password. Kuti tiite izvi, tinoenda zvakare kuhwindo rekushandura zvigadziriso kubvumira sisitimu kushandisa password.
Kuti tiite izvi, isu tinoshandisa iyo "gonesa" kuraira kuchinja kubva mushandisi EXEC modhi kuenda kune yakasarudzika EXEC modhi. Sezvo isu tichipinda "gonesa", iyo system inodawo password, nekuti basa iri haringashande pasina password. Naizvozvo, isu zvakare tinodzokera kune simulation yekuwana console yekuwana. Ini ndatove nekuwana iyi switch, saka muIOS CLI hwindo, muNetworKing (config) # gonesa mutsara, ini ndinofanira kuwedzera "password gonesa", ndiko kuti, activate password yekushandisa basa.
Zvino regai ndiedze zvakare kutaipa "gonesa" pakuraira kwekombuta uye nekurova "Enter", izvo zvinokurudzira sisitimu yepassword. Chii chinonzi password? Mushure mekunge ndanyora nekuisa iyo "gonesa" kuraira, ndakawana mukana weiyo EXEC modhi. Iye zvino ndava kukwanisa kushandisa mudziyo uyu kuburikidza nekombiyuta, uye ndinogona kuita chero zvandinoda nawo. Ndinogona kuenda ku "conf t", ndinogona kushandura password kana zita remuenzi. Ini zvino ndichashandura zita remuenzi kuti SwitchF1R10, zvinoreva "pasi pasi, kamuri 10". Saka, ndakachinja zita rekuchinja, uye zvino rinondiratidza nzvimbo yechigadzirwa ichi muhofisi.
Kana iwe ukadzokera kune switch yekuraira mutsara hwindo hwindo, unogona kuona kuti zita rayo rachinja, uye ndakaita izvi kure panguva yeTelnet chikamu.
Iyi ndiyo nzira yatinowana nayo switch kuburikidza neTelnet: isu takapa zita remuenzi, takagadzira bhana rekupinda, isa password yekoni uye password yeTelnet. Isu takabva taita kuti password yekupinda iwanikwe, takagadzira iyo IP manejimendi kugona, yakagonesa iyo "shutdown" chimiro, uye yakagonesa yekuraira kugona.
Tevere, isu tinofanirwa kugovera yakasarudzika gedhi. Kuti tiite izvi, tinoshandura zvakare kune global switch configuration mode, nyora murairo "ip default-gateway 10.1.1.10" uye tinya "Enter". Unogona kubvunza kuti sei isu tichida yakasarudzika gedhi kana switch yedu iri layer 2 mudziyo weOSI modhi.
Muchiitiko ichi, takabatanidza PC kune chinja zvakananga, asi ngatifungei kuti tine michina yakawanda. Ngatitii mudziyo wandakatanga Telnet, ndiko kuti, komputa, iri pane imwe network, uye switch ine IP kero 10.1.1.1 iri pane yechipiri network. Muchiitiko ichi, iyo Telnet traffic yakabva kune imwe network, switch inofanira kuidzosera kumashure, asi haizive nzira yekusvika ikoko. Iyo switch inoona kuti IP kero yekombuta ndeyeimwe network, saka unofanirwa kushandisa gedhi rekutanga kutaurirana nayo.
Nekudaro, isu tinoseta gedhi rekutanga remudziyo uyu kuitira kuti kana traffic ichisvika kubva kune imwe network, switch inogona kutumira mhinduro pakiti kune yakasarudzika gedhi, iyo inoendesa kune yayo yekupedzisira kwainoenda.
Iye zvino tichazopedzisira tatarisa nzira yekuchengetedza iyi gadziriso. Takaita shanduko dzakawanda pazvirongwa zvemudziyo uyu zvekuti yave nguva yekuzvichengeta. Pane nzira mbiri dzekuchengetedza.
Imwe ndeyekuisa iyo "nyora" yekuraira mune yakasarudzika EXEC modhi. Ini ndinonyora uyu murairo, dzvanya Enter, uye sisitimu inopindura neshoko rekuti "Building configuration - OK", ndiko kuti, iko iko kugadziridzwa kwechigadzirwa kwakachengetwa zvakabudirira. Zvatakaita tisati tachengeta zvinonzi "working device configuration". Iyo inochengetwa mu RAM ye switch uye inorasika kana yakadzimwa. Nokudaro, tinoda kunyora zvose zviri mukugadzirisa kwekushanda kune bhoot configuration.
Chero chii chiri mukumhanya dhizaini, iyo "nyora" murairo inokopa iyi ruzivo uye inonyora kune iyo boot yekumisikidza faira, iyo yakazvimiririra ye RAM uye inogara muNVRAM switch's non-volatile memory. Kana mudziyo uchinge watanga, sisitimu inotarisa kana paine bhutsu yekumisikidza muNVRAM uye inoishandura kuita dhizaini yekushanda nekurodha ma paramita mu RAM. Nguva yese yatinoshandisa iyo "nyora" kuraira, iyo inomhanyisa dhizaini inoteedzerwa uye inochengetwa muNVRAM.
Nzira yechipiri yekuchengetedza zvigadziriso zvekugadzirisa ndeye kushandisa yekare "ita kunyora" kuraira. Kana tikashandisa murairo uyu, saka chokutanga tinoda kuisa shoko rokuti "copy". Mushure meizvozvo, iyo Cisco inoshanda sisitimu ichabvunza kwaunoda kukopa zvigadziriso: kubva kune faira system kuburikidza neftp kana kupenya, kubva pakugadzirisa kwekushanda kana kubva pakugadziriswa kwebhoti. Tinoda kuita kopi yeanomhanya-gadziriso paramita, saka tinonyora mutsara uyu mutambo. Ipapo iyo sisitimu inozoburitsa zvakare mucherechedzo wemubvunzo, uchibvunza kuti ndekupi kukopa iyo parameter, uye zvino isu tinotsanangudza kutanga-kugadzirisa. Saka, isu takakopa dhizaini yekushanda mubhutsu yekumisikidza faira.
Iwe unofanirwa kunyatsochenjerera nemirairo iyi, nokuti kana iwe ukakopa bhoti yekugadzirisa mukugadzirisa kwekushanda, iyo dzimwe nguva inoitwa pakugadzirisa shanduko itsva, tichaparadza shanduko dzose dzakaitwa uye kuwana bhoti ine zero parameters. Naizvozvo, iwe unofanirwa kungwarira nezve chii uye kupi kwauchachengetedza mushure mekunge wagadzira switch yekumisikidza paramita. Iyi ndiyo nzira yaunochengetedza nayo gadziriro, uye ikozvino, kana iwe ukatangazve shanduko, inodzokera kune imwechete iyo yaimbova isati yatangazve.
Saka, isu takaongorora kuti iwo ekutanga maparamita eiyo switch nyowani anogadziriswa sei. Ndinoziva kuti aka ndekekutanga vazhinji venyu vaona mudziyo wekuraira mutsara interface, saka zvinogona kutora nguva kutora zvese zvinoratidzwa mune ino vhidhiyo tutorial. Ini ndinokupa zano kuti utarise iyi vhidhiyo kakati wandei kusvikira wanzwisisa mashandisiro akasiyana ekumisikidza modhi, mushandisi EXEC modhi, yakasarudzika EXEC modhi, yepasirese gadziriso modhi, mashandisiro emutsara wekuraira kupinda ma subcommands, shandura zita remuenzi, gadzira banner, zvichingoenda zvakadaro.
Isu takavhara iyo yakakosha mirairo yaunofanirwa kuziva uye iyo inoshandiswa panguva yekutanga kumisikidzwa kwechero Cisco mudziyo. Kana iwe uchiziva mirairo yekuchinja, iwe unoziva mirairo ye router.
Ingo rangarira kuti ndeipi modhi imwe neimwe yemirairo yekutanga inopihwa kubva. Semuenzaniso, zita rekugamuchira uye bhanhire rekupinda chikamu chekugadzirisa kwepasi rose, unoda kushandisa koni kuti upe password kune console, password yeTelnet inopiwa muVTY tambo kubva zero kusvika 15. Unoda kushandisa VLAN interface. kubata IP kero. Iwe unofanirwa kuyeuka kuti iyo "gonesa" ficha yakavharwa nekukasira, saka ungangoda kuigonesa nekuisa iyo "hapana kuvhara" kuraira.
Kana iwe uchida kugovera gedhi rekare, iwe unopinda pasi rose configuration mode, shandisa "ip default-gedhi" murairo, uye upe IP kero kugedhi. Pakupedzisira, iwe unochengetedza shanduko dzako uchishandisa "nyora" kuraira kana kukopa iyo inomhanya dhizaini kune iyo boot configuration faira. Ndinovimba vhidhiyo iyi yanga ichidzidzisa uye yakakubatsira kuti ugone kosi yedu yepamhepo.
Ndinokutendai nekugara nesu. Unoda zvinyorwa zvedu here? Unoda kuona zvimwe zvinonakidza zvemukati? Titsigire nekuisa odha kana kukurudzira kushamwari, 30% kuderedzwa kwevashandisi veHabr pane yakasarudzika analogue yekupinda-level maseva, iyo yakagadzirwa nesu kuti iwe: (inowanikwa neRAID1 uye RAID10, kusvika ku24 cores uye kusvika ku40GB DDR4).
VPS (KVM) E5-2650 v4 (6 Cores) 10GB DDR4 240GB SSD 1Gbps yemahara kusvika chirimo paunenge uchibhadhara kwenguva yemwedzi mitanhatu, unogona kuhodha .
Dell R730xd kaviri zvakachipa? Chete pano muNetherlands! Dell R420 - 2x E5-2430 2.2Ghz 6C 128GB DDR3 2x960GB SSD 1Gbps 100TB - kubva pamadhora makumi mapfumbamwe nemapfumbamwe! Verenga nezve
Source: www.habr.com