Izvo zvimiro zve ultraviolet zvinoenderana newavelength, uye ultraviolet kubva kune akasiyana masosi ane akasiyana spectrum. Tichakurukura kuti ndeapi masosi emwenje we ultraviolet uye mashandisiro ekuti uwedzere hutachiona hwehutachiona uku uchideredza njodzi dzezvisingadiwe biological mhedzisiro.
Mupunga. 1. Mufananidzo wacho unoratidza kusauraya utachiona neUVC mwaranzi, sezvaungafunga, asi kudzidziswa mukushandiswa kwesutu yekudzivirira nekuonekwa kwemavara anopenya ekudzidzira mvura dzemuviri mumwaranzi yeUVA. UVA i ultraviolet yakapfava uye haina bactericidal effect. Kuvhara maziso ako inzira ine musoro yekuchengetedza, sezvo mwenje wakakura weUVA fluorescent mwenje unoshandiswa uchipfuura neUVB, inokuvadza pakuona (mabviro Simon Davis/DFID).
Urefu hwechiedza chinooneka hunoenderana nehuwandu hwesimba apo photochemical action inongogoneka. Inooneka chiedza quanta inofadza photochemical reactions mune chaiyo photosensitive tishu - iyo retina.
Ultraviolet haioneki, kureba kwayo kupfupi, kuwanda uye simba rehuwandu hwakakwirira, mwaranzi inorema, uye zvakasiyana-siyana zvephotochemical reaction uye biological mhedzisiro yakakura.
Ultraviolet yakasiyana mu:
- Kureba-wavelength / nyoro / pedyo neUVA (400 ... 315 nm) yakafanana muzvivako kune chiedza chinooneka;
- Kuoma kwepakati - UVB (315 ... 280 nm);
- Short-wave / refu-wave / yakaoma - UVC (280β¦100 nm).
Bactericidal effect ye ultraviolet chiedza
Bactericidal effect inoshandiswa neyakaoma ultraviolet chiedza - UVC, uye kusvika pamwero muduku nepakati-yakaoma ultraviolet chiedza - UVB. Iyo bactericidal inobudirira curve inoratidza kuti chete nhete yakamanikana ye230 ... 300 nm, ndiko kuti, inenge chikamu chechina chemhando inonzi ultraviolet, ine yakajeka bactericidal effect.
Mupunga. 2 Bactericidal kunyatsoshanda macurves kubva []
Quanta ine wavelengths munharaunda iyi inotorwa ne nucleic acids, iyo inotungamira mukuparadzwa kwechimiro cheDNA neRNA. Mukuwedzera pakuva bactericidal, kureva, kuuraya mabhakitiriya, rudzi urwu rune virucidal (antiviral), fungicidal (antifungal) uye sporicidal (kuuraya spores) migumisiro. Izvi zvinosanganisira kuuraya hutachiona hweRNA SARS-CoV-2020, iyo yakakonzera denda ra2.
Iyo bactericidal mhedzisiro yechiedza chezuva
Iyo bactericidal mhedzisiro yechiedza chezuva idiki. Ngatitarisei kupenya kwezuva pamusoro nepasi pemhepo:
Mupunga. 3. Spectrum yemwaranzi yezuva pamusoro pemhepo uye pamwero wegungwa. Iyo yakaoma chikamu che ultraviolet renji haisviki pamusoro penyika (yakakweretwa kubva kuWikipedia).
Izvo zvakakodzera kubhadhara kune iyo iri pamusoro-yemhepo spectrum yakasimbiswa muyero. Iyo quantum simba rekuruboshwe kumucheto kweiyo supra-atmospheric solar rays ine wavelength isingasviki 240 nm inoenderana nekemikari bond simba re5.1 eV muokisijeni molecule "O2". Molecular oxygen inotora aya maquanta, iyo kemikari chisungo chinoputsika, atomic okisijeni "O" inoumbwa, iyo inosanganiswa zvakare mumamorekuru eokisijeni "O2" uye, zvishoma, ozone "O3".
Solar supra-atmospheric UVC inoumba ozone mumhepo yepamusoro, inonzi ozone layer. Iyo kemikari bond simba muozone molecule yakaderera pane muokisijeni molecule uye saka ozone inotora quanta yesimba rakaderera pane oxygen. Uye nepo okisijeni ichingotora UVC, ozone layer inotora UVC neUVB. Zvinoitika kuti zuva rinogadzira ozone kumucheto chaiko kweiyo ultraviolet chikamu che spectrum, uye ozone iyi inobva yatora yakawanda yezuva yakaoma ultraviolet mwaranzi, kudzivirira Pasi.
Iye zvino, nekuchenjerera, tichiteerera kune wavelengths uye chiyero, isu tichabatanidza iyo solar spectrum ne spectrum ye bactericidal action.
Mupunga. 4 Spectrum ye bactericidal chiito uye spectrum yezuva nemwaranzi.
Zvinogona kuonekwa kuti bactericidal effect yezuva haina kukosha. Chikamu che spectrum chinokwanisa kuita bactericidal effect chinenge chanyura chose nemhepo. Panguva dzakasiyana dzegore uye palatitudes dzakasiyana mamiriro acho akasiyana zvishoma, asi pamhando yakafanana.
Ultraviolet ngozi
Mutungamiriri weimwe yenyika huru akataura kuti: "kurapa COVID-19, unofanirwa kuunza chiedza chezuva mukati memuviri." Nekudaro, germicidal UV inoparadza RNA neDNA, kusanganisira yevanhu. Kana ukaβunza chiedza chezuva mukati momuviri,β munhu wacho achafa.
Iyo epidermis, kunyanya iyo stratum corneum yemasero akafa, inodzivirira mhenyu kubva kuUVC. Pazasi pe epidermal layer, isingasviki 1% chete yeUVC radiation inopinda [WHO]. Yakareba UVB uye mafungu eUVA anopinda kusvika pakadzika.
Dai pakanga pasina ultraviolet nemwaranzi yezuva, zvichida vanhu vangadai vasina epidermis uye stratum corneum, uye pamusoro pemuviri waizova mucous, kufanana nehozhwa. Asi sezvo vanhu vakashanduka pasi pezuva, nzvimbo dzakadzivirirwa kubva kuzuva chete ndidzo dzine machuru. Inonyanya kunetseka ndeye mucous pamusoro peziso, inochengetedzwa kubva kune solar ultraviolet mwaranzi nemaziso, eyelashes, tsiye, kumeso mota hunyanzvi, uye tsika yekusatarisa zuva.
Pavakatanga kudzidza kutsiva lenzi neyakagadzirwa, maophthalmologists akatarisana nedambudziko rekutsva retinal. Vakatanga kunzwisisa zvikonzero uye vakaona kuti lenzi yemunhu mupenyu haina kujeka kune ultraviolet chiedza uye inodzivirira retina. Mushure meizvi, malenzi ekugadzira akaitwawo opaque kune ultraviolet chiedza.
Mufananidzo weziso mumwaranzi yeultraviolet unoratidza kupenya kwelenzi kune ultraviolet chiedza. Iwe haufanirwe kuvhenekera ziso rako pachako nechiedza che ultraviolet, sezvo nekufamba kwenguva lens inova nemakore, kusanganisira nekuda kweiyo dhizeti ye ultraviolet mwenje yakaunganidzwa mumakore, uye inoda kutsiviwa. Naizvozvo, isu tichashandisa ruzivo rwevanhu vakashinga vakaregeredza kuchengetedza, vakavhenekera ultraviolet tochi pawavelength ye365 nm mumaziso avo, uye vakaisa mhedzisiro paYouTube.
Mupunga. 5 Zvichiri kubva muvhidhiyo paYouTube chiteshi "Kreosan".
Luminescence-inducing ultraviolet tochi ane wavelength ye365 nm (UVA) ane mukurumbira. Vanotengwa nevakuru, asi zvisingadzivisiki vanowira mumaoko evana. Vana vanovhenekera mazhenje aya mumaziso avo uye tarisa zvakanyatsonaka uye kwenguva yakareba pakristaro inopenya. Zvinokurudzirwa kudzivirira zviito zvakadaro. Kana izvi zvikaitika, unogona kuzvisimbisa wega kuti cataracts muzvidzidzo zvembeva inovimbika ne UVB irradiation yelenzi, asi catarogenic mhedzisiro yeUVA haina kugadzikana [].
Asi iyo chaiyo spectrum yekuita kwe ultraviolet mwenje pa lens haizivikanwe. Uye uchifunga kuti cataract inononoka mhedzisiro, unoda humwe hungwaru kuti usavheneke ultraviolet mwenje mumeso ako pamberi.
Iyo mucous membrane yeziso inoputika nekukurumidza pasi pe ultraviolet mwaranzi, iyi inonzi photokeratitis uye photoconjunctivitis. Iyo mucous membrane inotsvuka, uye manzwiro e "jecha mumaziso" anooneka. Mhedzisiro yacho inopera mushure memazuva mashoma, asi kutsva kunodzokororwa kunogona kutungamirira kumakore e-cornea.
Mafungu akareba anokonzera izvi anoenderana neakarema UV hazard function yakapihwa muphotobiological safety standard [IEC 62471] uye yakada kufanana neiyo germicidal range.
Mupunga. 6 Spectra ye ultraviolet mwaranzi inokonzera photoconjunctivitis uye photokeratitis kubva [] uye basa rinorema reiyo actinic UV njodzi kune ganda uye maziso kubva [].
Threshold doses for photokeratitis uye photoconjunctivitis ndeye 50-100 J/m2, kukosha uku hakupfuuri madhizi anoshandiswa kuuraya utachiona. Izvo hazvizogoneke kuuraya hutachiona mucous membrane yeziso ne ultraviolet mwenje pasina kukonzera kuzvimba.
Erythema, kureva, "kupisa kwezuva," ine ngozi nekuda kwemwaranzi ye ultraviolet iri pakati pe300 nm. Maererano nemamwe mabhuku, iyo yakanyanya spectral kunyatsoshanda kwe erythema iri pawavelengths ye300 nm.]. Mushonga ushoma unokonzera kusaoneka erythema MED (Minimum Erythema Dose) yemhando dzakasiyana dzeganda kubva pa150 kusvika 2000 J/m2. Kune vagari venzvimbo yepakati, iyo yakajairika DER inogona kunzi yakakosha ye200 ... 300 J/m2.
UVB muhuwandu hwe280-320 nm, ine hurefu hwakatenderedza 300 nm, inokonzera kenza yeganda. Iko hakuna chikumbaridzo dosi; muyero wepamusoro unoreva njodzi yepamusoro, uye mhedzisiro yacho inononoka.
Mupunga. 7 UV chiito curves ichikonzera erythema uye gomarara reganda.
Photoinduced ganda kuchembera kunokonzerwa ne ultraviolet mwaranzi munzvimbo yose ye200 ... 400 nm. Pane mufananidzo unosanozivikanwa wemutyairi werori akasangana nemwaranzi yesolar ultraviolet kunyanya kuruboshwe paaityaira. Mutyairi aiva netsika yokutyaira hwindo romutyairi rakakungurutswa, asi rutivi rworudyi rwechiso chake rwakanga rwadzivirirwa pamwaranzi yeultraviolet yezuva negirazi remhepo. Musiyano wemamiriro anoenderana nezera eganda kurudyi nekuruboshwe unoshamisa:
Mupunga. 8 Mufananidzo wemutyairi aityaira aine hwindo remutyairi pasi kwemakore 28 [].
Kana isu tichifungidzira kuti zera reganda kumativi akasiyana echiso chemunhu uyu rinosiyana nemakore makumi maviri uye ichi ndicho chikonzero chekuti kwemakore makumi maviri akafanana rimwe divi rechiso rakavhenekerwa nezuva, uye rimwewo. akanga asina, tinogona nokungwarira kugumisa kuti zuva muzuva rakashama rimwe zuva uye mazera ganda.
Kubva pane referensi data [+ Kuenzanisa nhamba idzi nemhedziso yakaitwa, tinogona kutora imwe mhedziso: kukwegura kweganda panguva yenguva uye yenguva pfupi yekushanda nemarambi e ultraviolet haisi ngozi huru.
Yakawanda sei ultraviolet mwenje inodiwa pakuuraya hutachiona?
Huwandu hwema microorganisms ari kurarama ari pamusoro uye mumhepo anodzikira zvakanyanya nekuwedzera ultraviolet nemwaranzi dose. Semuenzaniso, muyero unouraya 90% yemycobacterium tuberculosis i10 J/m2. Mishonga miviri yakadai inouraya 99%, madosi matatu anouraya 99,9%, nezvimwe.
Mupunga. 9 Kutsamira kwechikamu chekupona mycobacterium tuberculosis pachiyero cheultraviolet mwaranzi pawavelength ye254 nm.
Kutsamira kweexponential kunoshamisa pakuti kunyangwe dosi diki rinouraya tupukanana twakawanda.
Pakati peavo vakanyorwa mu[] pathogenic microorganisms, Salmonella ndiyo inonyanya kupikisa ultraviolet mwaranzi. Mushonga unouraya 90% yemabhakitiriya ayo i80 J/m2. Zvinoenderana newongororo [Kowalski2020], avhareji dosi inouraya makumi mapfumbamwe muzana emakoronaviruses i90 J/m67. Asi kune ma microorganisms mazhinji iyi dose haipfuuri 2 J/m50. Nezvinangwa zvinoshanda, unogona kuyeuka kuti chiyero chedosi chinouraya hutachiona ne2% kunyatsoita 90 J/m50.
Zvinoenderana neazvino nzira yakabvumidzwa neRussia Ministry of Health yekushandisa ultraviolet radiation yemhepo disinfection [] Kunyanya kuuraya hutachiona hwe "mapfumbamwe mapfumbamwe" kana 99,9% inodiwa kumakamuri ekuvhiyiwa, zvipatara zvemadzimai, nezvimwe. Zvemakirasi echikoro, zvivakwa zveveruzhinji, nezvimwe. "imwe mapfumbamwe" inokwana, kureva, 90% ye microorganisms yakaparadzwa. Izvi zvinoreva kuti, zvichienderana nechikamu chekamuri, kubva kune imwe kusvika kune mitatu miyero ye50 ... 150 J / m2 yakakwana.
Muenzaniso wekufungidzira nguva inodiwa yekuvhenekesa: ngatiti zvakakosha kuuraya hutachiona hwemhepo uye nzvimbo muimba inoyera 5 Γ 7 Γ 2,8 mamita, iyo imwe Philips TUV 30W yakazaruka mwenje inoshandiswa.
Tsanangudzo yehunyanzvi yemwenje inoratidza kuyerera kwebhakitiriya kwe12 W []. Muchiitiko chakanaka, kuyerera kwese kunofamba kwakanyatso kune nzvimbo inenge isina utachiona, asi mumamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo, hafu yekuyerera ichaparara pasina rubatsiro, somuenzaniso, ichavhenekera rusvingo kuseri kwemwenje nekunyanya kusimba. Naizvozvo, isu tichaverengera kune inobatsira kuyerera kwe6 watts. Iyo yakazara irradiated pamusoro penzvimbo mukamuri iri pasi 35 m2 + sirin'i 35 m2 + madziro 67 m2, yakazara 137 m2.
Paavhareji, kubuda kwemwaranzi yebhakitiriya inowira pamusoro ndeye 6 W/137 m2 = 0,044 W/m2. Muawa, kureva, mumasekonzi 3600, nzvimbo idzi dzichawana muyero we0,044 W/m2 Γ 3600 s = 158 J/m2, kana anenge 150 J/m2. Izvo zvinoenderana nematatu akajairwa madhizi e50 J/m2 kana "mapfumbamwe mapfumbamwe" - 99,9% bactericidal kunyatsoshanda, i.e. zvinodiwa mukamuri rekushandisa. Uye sezvo chiyero chakaverengerwa, chisati chawira pamusoro, chakapfuura nepakati pehuwandu hwekamuri, mhepo yakange yaiswa disinfected pasina kuderera.
Kana izvo zvinodiwa zve sterility zvidiki uye "imwe mapfumbamwe" yakakwana, semuenzaniso wakatariswa, katatu kashoma nguva yeradiation inodiwa - angangoita maminetsi makumi maviri.
UV kudzivirirwa
Chiyero chikuru chekudzivirira panguva ye ultraviolet disinfection ndeyekubva mukamuri. Kuve pedyo nemwenje weUV unoshanda, asi kutarisa kure hakuzobatsiri; iyo mucous membranes yemaziso ichiri kupenya.
Magirazi egirazi anogona kuve chiyero chekudzivirira mucous membrane yemaziso. Chirevo chechikamu "girazi hachifambise ultraviolet mwaranzi" haina kunaka; kune imwe nhanho inoita, uye mhando dzegirazi dzakasiyana dzinodaro nenzira dzakasiyana. Asi kazhinji, sezvo wavelength inodzikira, iyo transmittance inodzikira, uye UVC inofambiswa zvinobudirira chete negirazi requartz. Magirazi ekuona haasi quartz chero ipi zvayo.
Tinogona kutaura nechivimbo kuti magirazi lenzi akaiswa UV400 haafambisi ultraviolet mwaranzi.
Mupunga. 10 Transmission spectrum yemagirazi ekuona ane indices UV380, UV400 uye UV420. Mufananidzo kubva pawebhusaiti []
Zvakare chiyero chekudzivirira iko kushandiswa kwezvitubu zveiyo bactericidal UVC renji isingabudise zvine njodzi, asi isingashande kuuraya hutachiona, UVB uye UVA siyana.
Ultraviolet sources
UV diodes
Iyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa 365 nm ultraviolet diodes (UVA) yakagadzirirwa "matochi emapurisa" anoburitsa luminescence kuona zvinosvibisa zvisingaonekwe pasina ultraviolet. Disinfection ne diode dzakadaro hazvibviri (ona Fig. 11).
Nekuuraya utachiona, mapfupi-wave UVC diode ane wavelength ye265 nm anogona kushandiswa. Mutengo wemodhi ye diode iyo yaizotsiva mercury bactericidal rambi ine mirairo mitatu yehukuru yakakwira kupfuura mutengo wemwenje, saka mukuita mhinduro dzakadaro hadzishandiswe kuuraya utachiona nzvimbo dzakakura. Asi compact madivayiri anoshandisa UV diode ari kuoneka ekuuraya utachiona kwenzvimbo diki - zviridzwa, nhare, maronda eganda, nezvimwe.
Low pressure mercury marambi
Iyo yakaderera yekumanikidza mercury mwenje ndiyo chiyero icho mamwe ese masosi anofananidzwa.
Chikamu chikuru chesimba remwaranzi yemercury vapor pakumanikidzwa kwakadzika mukubuda kwemagetsi inowira pawavelength ye254 nm, yakanakira kuuraya hutachiona. Chikamu chidiki chesimba chinoburitswa pawavelength ye185 nm, iyo inoburitsa ozone zvakanyanya. Uye simba shoma shoma rinobudiswa pane mamwe mafungu akareba, kusanganisira uwandu hunooneka.
Mumagetsi machena-mwenje mecury fluorescent mwenje, girazi regirobhu harifambisi ultraviolet mwaranzi inoburitswa ne mercury vapor. Asi phosphor, hupfu chena pamadziro eflask, inopenya mumhando inooneka pasi pesimba re ultraviolet mwaranzi.
Mwenje weUVB kana UVA wakagadzirwa nenzira yakafanana, girobhu regirazi harifambise iyo 185 nm peak uye 254 nm peak, asi phosphor iri pasi pesimba repfupi-wave ultraviolet radiation haibudisi mwenje unooneka, asi refu-wave ultraviolet. mwaranzi. Aya marambi ezvinangwa zvehunyanzvi. Uye sezvo mwenje yeUVA yakafanana neyezuva, marambi akadaro anoshandiswawo kusukuta. Kuenzaniswa kweiyo spectrum neiyo bactericidal kunyatsoshanda curve kunoratidza kuti kushandisa UVB uye kunyanya marambi eUVA ekuuraya hutachiona hakuna kufanira.
Mupunga. 11 Kuenzanisa kweiyo bactericidal kunyatsoshanda curve, spectrum yerambi reUVB, spectrum yeUVA mwenje wekuvheneka uye spectrum ye365 nm diode. Mwenje wemwenje wakatorwa kubva kuAmerican Paint Manufacturers Association webhusaiti [].
Ziva kuti spectrum yeUVA fluorescent rambi yakafara uye inovhara UVB siyana. Iyo spectrum ye365 nm diode yakanyanya kutetepa, iyi "yakavimbika UVA". Kana UVA ichidikanwa kugadzira luminescence yezvinangwa zvekushongedza kana kuona zvinosvibisa, kushandisa diode kwakachengeteka pane kushandisa ultraviolet fluorescent rambi.
A low-pressure UVC mercury bactericidal rambi inosiyana nemwenje wefluorescent pakuti hapana phosphor pamadziro egirobhu, uye girobhu rinoendesa ultraviolet mwenje. Iyo huru 254 nm mutsara inogara ichifambiswa, uye iyo ozone-inogadzira 185 nm mutsara inogona kusiiwa mune yakasarudzika mwenje kana kubviswa negirobhu regirazi rine sarudzo yakasarudzika.
Mupunga. 12 Hunhu hwekuburitsa hunoratidzwa pakunyorwa kwemarambi eultraviolet. A UVC germicidal rambi inogona kuzivikanwa nekusavapo kwephosphor pagirobhu.
Ozone ine yekuwedzera bactericidal effect, asi icarcinogen, saka, kuitira kuti usamirire kuti ozone iparare mushure mekuuraya hutachiona, marambi asiri-ozone-ekugadzira asina 185 nm mutsara mune spectrum anoshandiswa. Mwenje iyi ine inenge yakanakira spectrum - mutsara mukuru une hupamhi hwehutachiona hwe254 nm, hutachiona husina simba muhuwandu husina-bactericidal ultraviolet renji, uye "chiratidzo" chidiki muchikamu chinooneka.
Mupunga. .]).
Kupenya kwebhuruu kwemarambi egermicidal kunoita kuti iwe uone kuti mercury rambi rakabatidzwa uye rinoshanda. Kupenya hakuna simba, uye izvi zvinopa fungidziro inotsausa yokuti zvakachengeteka kutarisa mwenje. Hatinzwe kuti mwaranzi muUVC range inosvika 35...40% yesimba rese rinopedzwa nerambi.
Mupunga. 14 Chikamu chidiki chesimba remwaranzi yemercury mhute chiri munzvimbo inooneka uye chinoonekwa sechiedza chisina kusimba chebhuruu.
A low-pressure bactericidal mercury lamp ine hwaro hwakafanana nemwenje wenguva dzose wefluorescent, asi inogadzirwa nehurefu hwakasiyana kuitira kuti mwenje webhaktericidal usapinzwe mumwenje wakajairwa. Mwenje wemwenje webhaktericidal, kunze kwehukuru hwayo, unosiyaniswa nenyaya yekuti zvikamu zvese zvepurasitiki zvinopesana nemwaranzi ye ultraviolet, waya kubva kune ultraviolet yakavharwa, uye hapana diffuser.
Kune zvinodiwa zvebhaktericidal kumba, munyori anoshandisa 15 W bactericidal rambi, yaimboshandiswa kuuraya utachiona mhinduro yezvikafu yekuisa hydroponic. Analogue yayo inogona kuwanikwa nekutsvaga "aquarium uv sterilisator". Kana mwenje uchishanda, ozone inosunungurwa, iyo isina kunaka, asi inobatsira kuuraya utachiona, semuenzaniso, shangu.
Mupunga. 15 Low pressure mercury marambi ane marudzi akasiyana echigadziko. Mifananidzo kubva kuAliexpress webhusaiti.
Medium uye high pressure mercury marambi
Kuwedzera kwemercury vapor pressure kunotungamira kune yakanyanya kuomarara spectrum; iyo spectrum inowedzera uye mitsetse yakawanda inoonekwa mairi, kusanganisira paozone-inogadzira wavelengths. Kuunzwa kwezvinowedzera mumercury zvinotungamira kune yakanyanya kuoma kunzwisisa kweiyo spectrum. Kune marudzi akawanda emarambi akadaro, uye mutsara weimwe neimwe inokosha.
Mupunga. 16 Mienzaniso ye spectra yepakati uye yakakwira mercury marambi
Kuwedzera kudzvinyirira kunoderedza kushanda kwemwenje. Uchishandisa mhando yeAquafineuv semuenzaniso, mwenje wepakati-kudzvanywa UVC unoburitsa 15-18% yekushandiswa kwesimba, uye kwete 40% semwenje wakaderera-kudzvanywa. Uye mutengo wemidziyo pa watt yeUVC inoyerera yakakwira [].
Kuderera kwekubudirira uye kuwedzera kwemutengo wemwenje kunobhadharwa nekubatanidzwa kwayo. Semuyenzaniso, kuuraya utachiona hwemvura inoyerera kana kuomeswa kwevarnish yakaiswa nekumhanya kukuru mukudhinda kunoda compact uye ine simba masosi; chaiyo mutengo uye kushanda zvakanaka hazvina kukosha. Asi hazvina kururama kushandisa rambi rakadaro kuuraya utachiona.
UV irradiator yakagadzirwa kubva kuDRL burner uye DRT rambi
Kune "vanhu" nzira yekuwana ine simba ultraviolet sosi isingadhure. Vari kuenda kunze kwekushandisa, asi mwenje chena DRL mwenje we125 ... 1000 W achiri kutengeswa. Mune marambi aya, mukati mefurasiki yekunze kune "mbambo" - mwenje wemercury wakakwira-pressure. Inoburitsa Broadband ultraviolet mwenje, iyo yakavharwa nekunze girazi girobhu, asi inokonzera phosphor pamadziro ayo kupenya. Kana iwe ukatyora furasiki yekunze uye ukabatanidza chinopisa kune network kuburikidza nekukachidzwa kwakajairwa, iwe uchawana ine simba Broadband ultraviolet emitter.
Emitter yakadaro yemusha ine zvipingamupinyi: kushanda kwakaderera kana kuenzaniswa nemwenje yakaderera, chikamu chikuru chechiedza che ultraviolet chiri kunze kwebhaktericidal range, uye haugone kugara muimba yacho kwenguva yakati mushure mokudzima mwenje kusvikira ozone yaparara kana kunyangarika.
Asi zvakanakira zvakare hazvirambike: mutengo wakaderera uye yakakwira simba muhukuru compact. Chimwe chezvakanakira chizvarwa che ozone. Ozone inobvisa utachiona panzvimbo dzine mimvuri dzisingaonekwe nemwaranzi yeultraviolet.
Mupunga. 17 Ultraviolet irradiator yakagadzirwa kubva kuDRL marambi. Mufananidzo wacho unoburitswa nemvumo yemunyori, chiremba wemazino wekuBulgaria, achishandisa iyi irradiator kuwedzera kune yakajairika Philips TUV 30W bactericidal rambi.
Mishonga yakafanana ye ultraviolet ye disinfection mumhando ye-high-pressure mercury marambi anoshandiswa mune irradiators yeOUFK-01 "Solnyshko" rudzi.
Semuenzaniso, kune yakakurumbira mwenje "DRT 125-1" mugadziri haaburitse spectrum, asi anopa parameters mune zvinyorwa: irradiation intensity iri chinhambwe che 1 m kubva pamwenje UVA - 0,98 W / m2, UVB - 0,83 W / m2, UVC - 0,72 W / m2, bactericidal kuyerera 8 W, uye mushure mekushandisa, kufefetedza kwekamuri kubva kuozone kunodiwa []. Mukupindura mubvunzo wakananga pamusoro pemusiyano pakati perambi reDRT neDRL burner, mugadziri akapindura mublog rake kuti DRT ine insulating green coating pamakathodhi.
Mupunga. 18 Broadband ultraviolet sosi - DRT-125 mwenje
Zvinoenderana nehunhu hwakataurwa, zviri pachena kuti iyo spectrum ndeye Broadband ine inenge yakaenzana mugove wemwaranzi mune yakapfava, yepakati, uye yakaoma ultraviolet, kusanganisira iyo ozone-inogadzira yakaoma UVC. Kuyerera kwebhakitiriya ndeye 6,4% yekushandiswa kwesimba, ndiko kuti, kushanda kwacho kwakapetwa katanhatu pane iyo yepasi-pressure tubular rambi.
Mugadziri wacho haabudisi mutsara wemwenje uyu, uye mufananidzo wakafanana neine spectrum yeimwe yeDRTs iri kutenderera paInternet. Kwekutanga kwakabva hazvizivikanwe, asi chiyero chesimba muUVC, UVB uye UVA renji haienderane neyakaziviswa mwenje weDRT-125. Kune DRT, chiyero chakaenzana chakaenzana chinotaurwa, uye spectrum inoratidza kuti UVB simba rakakura zvakapetwa kupfuura simba reUBC. Uye muUVA yakakwira kakawanda kupfuura muUVB.
Mupunga. 19. Spectrum ye-high-pressure mercury arc lamp, iyo inowanzofananidzira mutsara weDRT-125, unoshandiswa zvakanyanya kune zvinangwa zvekurapa.
Zviri pachena kuti marambi ane matambudziko akasiyana-siyana uye mercury additives anobudisa zvishoma zvakasiyana. Zviripachena zvakare kuti mutengi asina ruzivo anorerekera kuzvimiririra kufungidzira hunhu hunodiwa uye zvivakwa zvechigadzirwa, kuwana chivimbo kubva pane zvake fungidziro, uye kutenga. Uye kubudiswa kwehuwandu hweimwe mwenje kuchakonzera nhaurirano, kuenzanisa uye mhedziso.
Munyori akambotenga kuiswa kweOUFK-01 nerambi reDRT-125 uye akaishandisa kwemakore akati wandei kuyedza kupikisa kweUV kwezvigadzirwa zvepurasitiki. Ndakavheneka zvigadzirwa zviviri panguva imwe chete, imwe yaive yekudzora yakagadzirwa neultraviolet-resistant epurasitiki, uye ndakatarisa kuti ndeipi yaizoshanduka yero nekukurumidza. Nekuda kwekushandisa kwakadaro, ruzivo rwechimiro chaicho chechimiro hachidiwe; zvakakosha chete kuti emitter ive Broadband. Asi sei uchishandisa Broadband ultraviolet mwenje kana disinfection ichidikanwa?
Chinangwa cheOUFK-01 chinotaura kuti irradiator inoshandiswa kune acute inflammatory process. Ndokunge, mumamiriro ezvinhu apo iyo yakanaka mhedzisiro yeganda disinfection inodarika kukuvadza kunogona kuitika kwebroadband ultraviolet mwaranzi. Zviripachena, mune iyi kesi, zviri nani kushandisa yakamanikana-bhendi ultraviolet, isina wavelengths mu spectrum ine mhedzisiro kunze kweiyo bactericidal.
Air disinfection
Chiedza cheUltraviolet chinoonekwa senzira isina kukwana yekuuraya hutachiona, sezvo mwaranzi isingagoni kupinda uko, semuenzaniso, doro rinopinda. Asi ultraviolet mwenje inouraya mhepo mumhepo.
Pakuhotsira nekukosora, madonhwe ane ma micrometer akawanda muhukuru anoumbwa, anorembera mumhepo kubva pamaminetsi akati wandei kusvika maawa akati wandei []. Zvidzidzo zveTuberculosis zvakaratidza kuti donhwe rimwe chete reaerosol rinokwana kukonzera hutachiona.
Mumugwagwa isu takachengeteka nekuda kwehuwandu hukuru uye kufamba kwemhepo, iyo inogona kuparadzira uye kuuraya hutachiona chero kuhotsira nenguva uye nemwaranzi yezuva. Kunyangwe mu metro, nepo huwandu hwevanhu vane hutachiona hudiki, huwandu hwemhepo pamunhu ane hutachiona hwakakura, uye mhepo yakanaka inoita kuti njodzi yekuparadzira hutachiona ive shoma. Nzvimbo ine ngozi zvakanyanya panguva yedenda remhepo inofamba nemhepo. Naizvozvo, avo vanohotsira vanofanirwa kuvharirwa, uye mhepo iri munzvimbo dzeveruzhinji isina mhepo yekufefetera yakakwana inoda kuuraya utachiona.
Recirculators
Imwe yesarudzo dzemhepo disinfection yakavharwa UV recyclers. Ngatikurukurei imwe yeiyi recirculators - "Dezar 7", inozivikanwa nekuonekwa kunyange muhofisi yemunhu wekutanga wehurumende.
Tsanangudzo ye recirculator inoti inoputika 100 m3 paawa uye yakagadzirirwa kubata kamuri ine vhoriyamu ye100 m3 (inenge 5 Γ 7 Γ 2,8 metres).
Zvisinei, kukwanisa kuuraya utachiona 100 m3 yemhepo paawa hazvirevi kuti mhepo iri mu 100 m3 mukamuri paawa ichabatwa sezvinobudirira. Mhepo inobatwa inoderedza mhepo yakasviba, uye mune iyi fomu inopinda mu recirculator zvakare uye zvakare. Zviri nyore kugadzira masvomhu modhi uye kuverenga kugona kwemaitiro akadaro:
Mupunga. 20 Kufurira kwekushanda kweUV recirculator pahuwandu hwehutachiona mumhepo yekamuri isina mhepo.
Kuti uderedze kuwanda kwema microorganisms mumhepo ne90%, recirculator inoda kushanda kweanopfuura maawa maviri. Kana pasina mhepo muimba, izvi zvinogoneka. Asi kazhinji hapana makamuri ane vanhu uye asina mhepo inofefetera. Eg, [] inorayira mwero wekunze wekunze wekuyerera kwemhepo we3 m3 paawa pa1 m2 yenzvimbo yefurati. Izvi zvinoenderana nekutsiviwa kwakakwana kwemhepo kamwechete paawa uye inoita kuti kushanda kwe recirculator kusingabatsiri.
Kana isu tikafunga iyo modhi isiri yekusanganiswa kwakazara, asi yelaminar jets inopfuura neyakagadzika yakaoma trajectory mumba uye ichipinda mumhepo inofefetera, bhenefiti yekuuraya hutachiona kune imwe yeiyi jets yakatonyanya kuderera kupfuura mumuenzaniso wekusanganiswa kwakakwana.
Chero zvazvingava, UV recirculator haibatsiri kupfuura hwindo rakavhurika.
Chimwe chezvikonzero zvekushomeka kwesimba recirculators ndechekuti iyo bactericidal mhedzisiro idiki zvakanyanya maererano newatt yega yega yekuyerera kweUV. Danda rinofamba anenge masendimita gumi mukati mekuiswa, uye rinobva raratidzwa kubva kualuminium ine coefficient yeinosvika k = 10. Izvi zvinoreva kuti nzira inoshanda yedanda mukati mekugadzika inenge hafu yemamita, mushure mokunge yanyura pasina rubatsiro.
Mupunga. 21. Zvichiri kubva paYouTube vhidhiyo inoratidza recycler ichibviswa. Marambi eGermicidal uye aruminiyamu inopenya inooneka, iyo inoratidza ultraviolet mwaranzi yakaipisisa kupfuura chiedza chinooneka [].
Mwenje webhaktericidal, unorembera pachena pamadziro muhofisi yekiriniki uye unovhenekerwa nachiremba maererano nehurongwa, unoshanda kakawanda. Mwaranzi yerambi rakashama inofamba mamita akati wandei, ichitanga kuuraya mhepo kubva kumhepo yozouya pamusoro.
Air irradiators muchikamu chepamusoro chekamuri
Mumawadhi echipatara umo varwere vakarara vanogara varipo, maUnitsi eUV dzimwe nguva anoshandiswa kuvheneka mhepo inotenderera inoyerera pasi pedenga. Iko kusakosha kukuru kwekuisa kwakadaro ndeyekuti grille inovhara marambi inobvumira chete miranzi ichipfuura zvakasimba munzira imwe, ichitora kupfuura 90% yekuyerera kwakasara pasina rubatsiro.
Iwe unogona kuwedzera kuridza mhepo kuburikidza neirradiator yakadaro kugadzira recirculator panguva imwe chete, asi izvi hazviitwe, pamwe nekuda kwekusada kuve neguruva accumulator mukamuri.
Mupunga. 22 Ceiling-yakaiswa UV air irradiator, mufananidzo kubva panzvimbo [].
Iwo magrille anodzivirira vanhu vari mukamuri kubva pakuyerera kwakananga kwemwaranzi ye ultraviolet, asi kuyerera kunopfuura nepakati pegrille kunorova sirin'i nemadziro uye kunoratidzwa diffusely, ine inoratidzira coefficient inosvika 10%. Imba yacho yakazadzwa neomnidirectional ultraviolet mwaranzi uye vanhu vanogashira muyero weiyo ultraviolet mwaranzi inoenderana nenguva inopedzerwa mukamuri.
Vaongorori uye munyori
Vaongorori:
Artyom Balabanov, injiniya wemagetsi, mugadziri weUV kurapa masisitimu;
Rumen Vasilev, Ph.D., injini yemwenje, OOD "Interlux", Bulgaria;
Vadim Grigorov, biophysicist;
Stanislav Lermontov, injiniya wemwenje, Complex Systems LLC;
Alexey Pankrashkin, Ph.D., Associate Purofesa, semiconductor lighting engineering uye photonics, INTECH Engineering LLC;
Andrey Khramov, nyanzvi yekugadzira magetsi kumasangano ezvokurapa;
Vitaly Tsvirko, mukuru werabhoritari yekuyedza "TSSOT NAS yeBelarus"
Author: Anton Sharakshane, Ph.D., injiniya wemwenje uye biophysicist, First Moscow State Medical University yakatumidzwa zita rake. THEM. Sechenov
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Source: www.habr.com