Chero ani zvake akaunganidza, akatenga, kana kuti akamisa redhiyo anogamuchira angangodaro akanzwa mazwi akadai sekuti: kunzwa uye kusarudza (kusarudza).
Sensitivity - iyi paramende inoratidza kuti mugamuchiri wako anogona sei kugamuchira chiratidzo kunyangwe munzvimbo dziri kure.
Uye kusarudza, zvakare, kunoratidza kuti mugamuchiri anogona sei kuridza kune imwe frequency pasina kufurirwa nemamwe ma frequency. Aya "mamwe mafrequency", kureva, ayo asina hukama nekufambiswa kwechiratidzo kubva kune yakasarudzwa nhepfenyuro, mune iyi kesi inotamba basa rekupindira redhiyo.
Nekuwedzera simba rekutapurirana, tinomanikidza vanogamuchira nekushomeka kwakaderera kuti vagamuchire chiratidzo chedu pamutengo wese. Basa rakakosha rinoitwa nekuwirirana kwemasaini kubva kune akasiyana nhepfenyuro pane imwe neimwe, izvo zvinokanganisa kuseta, kudzikisa kunaka kwekutaurirana neredhiyo.
Wi-Fi inoshandisa mhepo yeredhiyo senzira yekuparadzira data. Naizvozvo, zvinhu zvakawanda izvo mainjiniya eredhiyo neredhiyo amateurs ekare uye kunyangwe zana ramakore risati rashandiswa pazviri zvichiri kushanda nhasi.
Asi chimwe chinhu chachinja. Zvekuchinja analogi Kutepfenyura kwedhijitari kwakauya kune chimiro, izvo zvakakonzera shanduko yemhando yechiratidzo chinofambiswa.
Izvi zvinotevera tsananguro yezvinhu zvakajairika zvinokanganisa kushanda kweWi-Fi isina waya network mukati meIEEE 802.11b/g/n zviyero.
Mamwe manuances eWi-Fi network
Kutepfenyura paredhiyo kure nenzvimbo dzine vanhu vakawanda, paunokwanisa kugamuchira pane yako inogamuchira chete chiratidzo chenhepfenyuro yeredhiyo yeFM uye zvakare "Mayak" muVHF renji, nyaya yekupesvedzerana haimuke.
Chimwe chinhu ndeye Wi-Fi zvishandiso zvinoshanda chete mumabhendi maviri mashoma: 2,4 uye 5 GHz. Pazasi pane akati wandei matambudziko aunofanirwa, kana akasakunda, wobva waziva mafambiro.
Dambudziko rimwe - zviyero zvakasiyana zvinoshanda nemhando dzakasiyana.
Muchikamu che2.4 GHz, midziyo inotsigira 802.11b/g yakajairwa inoshanda, uye manetwork e802.11n standard; muchikamu che5 GHz, zvishandiso zvinoshanda mu802.11a uye 802.11n chiyero zvinoshanda.
Sezvauri kuona, chete 802.11n zvishandiso zvinogona kushanda mune ese 2.4 GHz uye 5 GHz mabhendi. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, tinofanira kutsigira kutepfenyura mumabhendi ese ari maviri, kana kubvuma chokwadi chekuti vamwe vatengi havazokwanisi kubatana kunetiweki yedu.
Dambudziko rechipiri -Wi-Fi zvishandiso zvinoshanda mukati meiyo yepedyo renji inogona kushandisa yakafanana frequency renji.
Pamidziyo inoshanda mu2,4 GHz frequency band, gumi nematatu machanera ane hupamhi hwe13 MHz ye20b/g/n chiyero kana 802.11 MHz ye40n chiyero panguva dze802.11 MHz aripo uye akatenderwa kushandiswa muRussia.
Naizvozvo, chero mudziyo usina waya (mutengi kana nzvimbo yekupinda) unogadzira kukanganisa pamatanho ari padyo. Chimwe chinhu ndechekuti simba rekutumira remudziyo wemutengi, semuenzaniso, smartphone, yakaderera zvakanyanya pane iyo inowanikwa inowanikwa. Naizvozvo, mukati mechinyorwa tichangotaura chete nezve kupindirana pesvedzero yenzvimbo dzekuwana pane mumwe nemumwe.
Iyo inonyanya kufarirwa chiteshi, iyo inopiwa kune vatengi nekukasira, ndeye 6. Asi usazvinyengedza iwe kuti nekusarudza nhamba iri pedo, isu tichabvisa iyo parasitic pesvedzero. Nzvimbo yekupinda inoshanda pachanera 6 inoburitsa kupindira kwakasimba pamachaneli 5 uye 7 uye kupindira kushoma panzira 4 ne8. Sezvo mikaha iri pakati pematanho inowedzera, kupindirana kwavo kunoderera. Naizvozvo, kudzikisira kupindirana, zvinodikanwa zvikuru kuti ma frequency evatakuri akapatsanurwa 25 MHz padivi (5 chiteshi nguva).
Dambudziko nderekuti pamatanho ese ane simba shoma pane mumwe nemumwe, 3 chete nzira dziripo: idzi 1, 6 uye 11.
Isu tinofanirwa kutsvaga imwe nzira yekutenderedza zvirambidzo zviripo. Semuenzaniso, kuwirirana kwezvishandiso zvinogona kubhadharwa nekuderedza simba.
Pamusoro pezvibatsiro zvekuenzanisa mune zvose
Sezvambotaurwa pamusoro apa, simba rakaderedzwa haisi chinhu chakaipa nguva dzose. Uyezve, sezvo simba rinowedzera, hutano hwekugamuchira hunogona kuderera zvakanyanya, uye izvi hazvisi zvachose nyaya ye "kushaya simba" kwenzvimbo yekuwana. Pazasi isu tichatarisa kune zviitiko izvo izvi zvinogona kubatsira.
Kurodha nhepfenyuro
Mhedzisiro yekusangana inogona kuoneka wega panguva yaunosarudza mudziyo wekubatanidza. Kana paine zvinhu zvinopfuura zvitatu kana zvina muWi-Fi network yekusarudza runyorwa, isu tinogona kutotaura nezve kurodha mhepo yeredhiyo. Uyezve, mambure ega ega anokonzera kukanganisa kune vavakidzani vayo. Uye kupindira kunokanganisa mashandiro etiweki nekuti inowedzera zvakanyanya ruzha uye izvi zvinotungamira kudikanwa kwekugara uchitumirazve mapaketi. Muchiitiko ichi, kurudziro huru ndeyekudzikisa simba rekutapurirana panzvimbo yekuwana, zvine musoro kunyengerera vavakidzani vese kuti vaite zvimwe chete kuti vasapindirane.
Mamiriro acho ezvinhu anoyeuchidza kirasi yechikoro panguva yechidzidzo kana mudzidzisi asipo. Mudzidzi mumwe nomumwe anotanga kutaura nemuvakidzani wake wedhesiki uye vamwe vaanodzidza navo. Muruzha rwakawanda, havanzwi mumwe nemumwe zvakanaka uye vanotanga kutaura zvakanyanya, vobva vatowedzera uye pakupedzisira vanotanga kuridza mhere. Mudzidzisi anokurumidza kumhanyira mukirasi, otora matanho ekuranga, uye mamiriro enguva dzose anodzorerwa. Kana isu tikafungidzira manetiweki maneja ari mudzidzisi, uye varidzi venzvimbo dzekuwana munzvimbo yevana vechikoro, isu tichawana kuenzanisa kwakananga.
Asymmetric yekubatanidza
Sezvambotaurwa, simba rekutapurirana renzvimbo yekuwana rinowanzosimba 2-3 nguva pane pane nharembozha dzevatengi: mahwendefa, mafoni, malaptop, zvichingodaro. Nokudaro, zvinowanzoitika kuti "grey zones" ichaonekwa, apo mutengi achagamuchira chiratidzo chakanaka chakagadzikana kubva panzvimbo yekuwana, asi kutapurika kubva kumutengi kusvika kune imwe nzvimbo hakuzoshandi zvakanaka. Kubatana uku kunonzi asymmetric.
Kuti uchengetedze kutaurirana kwakagadzikana nemhando yakanaka, zvinodikanwa zvikuru kuti pane symmetrical yekubatanidza pakati pemutengi mudziyo nenzvimbo yekupinda, kana kugamuchira uye kutapurirana mumativi ese kunoshanda nemazvo.
Mufananidzo 1. Asymmetric connection uchishandisa muenzaniso wechirongwa chefurati.
Kuti udzivise asymmetric yekubatanidza, iwe unofanirwa kudzivirira nekukasira kuwedzera iyo transmitter simba.
Kana simba rakawanda richidiwa
Zvinhu zvakanyorwa pazasi zvinoda simba rakawedzerwa kuchengetedza kubatana kwakagadzikana.
Kukanganisa kubva kune mamwe marudzi eredhiyo yekutaurirana midziyo uye zvimwe zvemagetsi
Zvishandiso zveBluetooth, zvakaita semahedhifoni, makiyibhodhi asina waya uye mbeva, anoshanda mu 2.4 GHz frequency renji uye kukanganisa kushanda kwenzvimbo yekuwana uye mamwe maturusi eWi-Fi.
Zvishandiso zvinotevera zvinogona zvakare kukanganisa kunaka kwechiratidzo:
- microwave ovheni;
- vana monitors;
- Vatariri veCRT, vatauri vasina waya, nhare dzisina tambo uye zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvisina waya;
- kunze kwekunze kwemagetsi emagetsi, senge tambo dzemagetsi uye zviteshi zvemagetsi,
- mota dzemagetsi;
- tambo dzine dziviriro isina kukwana, uye coaxial tambo nezvikonikoni zvinoshandiswa nemamwe marudzi emasatelliti ndiro.
Marefu marefu pakati pemidziyo yeWi-Fi
Chero zvishandiswa zveredhiyo zvine uwandu hushoma. Pamusoro pemagadzirirwo emidziyo isina waya, huwandu hwakanyanya hunogona kuderedzwa nezvinhu zvekunze sezvipingamupinyi, kupindira kweredhiyo, zvichingodaro.
Zvose izvi zvinotungamirira pakuumbwa kwe "nzvimbo dzisingasvikike", apo chiratidzo kubva panzvimbo yekuwana "hachisviki" mudziyo wevatengi.
Zvipingamupinyi pakuisa chiratidzo
Zvipingamupinyi zvakasiyana (madziro, sirin'i, fenicha, magonhi esimbi, nezvimwewo) zviri pakati pemidziyo yeWi-Fi zvinogona kuratidza kana kutora masaini eredhiyo, zvichitungamira mukuipa kana kurasikirwa zvachose kwekutaurirana.
Zvinhu zvakapfava uye zvakajeka semadziro ekongiri akasimbiswa, simbi yekuvharisa, simbi furemu, uye kunyange magirazi uye tinted girazi zvinoderedza zvakanyanya kusimba kwechiratidzo.
Chinhu chinofadza: Muviri wemunhu unorebesa chiratidzo neinenge 3 dB.
Pazasi pane tafura yeWi-Fi chiratidzo chekurasikirwa kwekurasikirwa kana uchipfuura munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana kune 2.4 GHz network.
* Chinhambwe chinoshanda - inoreva huwandu hwekuderedzwa kwehuwandu mushure mekupfuura chipingamupinyi chinowirirana kana chichienzaniswa nenzvimbo yakavhurika.
Ngatitaurei muchidimbu zvabuda
Sezvambotaurwa pamusoro apa, simba rechiratidzo chepamusoro pacharo harisi kuvandudza kunaka kweWi-Fi yekukurukurirana, asi inogona kukanganisa kugadzwa kwekubatana kwakanaka.
Panguva imwecheteyo, pane mamiriro ezvinhu apo zvakakosha kupa simba repamusoro rekufambisa kwakadzikama uye kugamuchirwa kwechiratidzo cheWi-Fi redhiyo.
Izvi zvinoda kupesana zvakadaro.
Anobatsira maficha kubva kuZyxel anogona kubatsira
Zviripachena, iwe unofanirwa kushandisa mamwe anonakidza mabasa anozokubatsira kubuda mune ino inopesana mamiriro.
ZVINOKOSHA! Iwe unogona kudzidza nezve akawanda nuances paunenge uchivaka isina waya network, pamwe nekugona uye inoshanda mashandisiro emidziyo mumakosi akasarudzika Zyxel - ZCNE. Unogona kuziva nezvemakosi anotevera .
Client Steering
Sezvambotaurwa, matambudziko anotsanangurwa anonyanya kukanganisa 2.4 GHz renji.
Varidzi vanofara vemidziyo yemazuva ano vanogona kushandisa iyo 5 GHz frequency renji.
Kubatsira:
- kune dzimwe nzira, saka zviri nyore kusarudza izvo zvinokurudzira mumwe nemumwe kusvika zvishoma;
- mamwe madivayiri, akadai seBluetooth, usashandise rudzi urwu;
- rutsigiro rwe20/40/80 MHz chiteshi.
payakaipira:
- Chiratidzo cheredhiyo muchikamu ichi chinopfuura nepazvipingamupinyi zvakanaka. Nokudaro, zvinokurudzirwa kuti tive ne "super-punchy" imwe chete, asi maviri kana matatu ekuwana nzvimbo dzine simba rakanyanyisa rechiratidzo mumakamuri akasiyana. Kune rumwe rutivi, izvi zvichapa kuwedzera kunyange kuvhara pane kubata chiratidzo kubva kune imwe, asi "super-simba" imwe.
Nekudaro, mukuita, senguva dzose, nuances inomuka. Semuenzaniso, mamwe maturusi, masisitimu anoshanda uye software zvichiri kupa "yakanaka yekare" 2.4 GHz bhendi yekubatanidza nekusarudzika. Izvi zvinoitirwa kudzikisa matambudziko ekuenderana uye kurerutsa network yekubatanidza algorithm. Kana kubatana kukaitika otomatiki kana mushandisi akange asina nguva yekuona chokwadi ichi, mukana wekushandisa 5 GHz bhendi ucharamba uri padivi.
Iyo Client Steering basa, iyo nekusarudzika inopa vatengi zvishandiso kuti vabatane nekukurumidza kuburikidza ne5 GHz, zvichabatsira kushandura mamiriro aya. Kana bhendi iri risingatsigirwe nemutengi, rinoramba richikwanisa kushandisa 2.4 GHz.
Basa iri rinowanikwa:
- paNebula neNebulaFlex nzvimbo dzekuwana;
- muNXC2500 uye NXC5500 wireless network controllers;
- mune firewalls ane controller basa.
Auto Healing
Mapoka mazhinji akapihwa pamusoro achifarira flexible power control. Zvisinei, mubvunzo unonzwisisika unoramba uripo: sei kuita izvi?
Nokuda kweizvi, Zyxel wireless network controllers vane basa rinokosha: Auto Healing.
Iyo controller inoishandisa kutarisa mamiriro uye kuita kwenzvimbo dzekuwana. Kana zvikaitika kuti imwe yenzira dzekuwana haishande, ipapo vavakidzani vacharairwa kuti vawedzere simba rechiratidzo kuzadza nzvimbo yekunyarara inoguma. Mushure mekunge nzvimbo yekushayikwa yekuwana yadzokera kubasa, nzvimbo dzakavakidzana dzinorairwa kudzikisa simba rechiratidzo kuitira kuti usakanganisa basa reumwe neumwe.
Ichi chimiro chinosanganisirwa mumutsara wakatsaurirwa weasina waya controller: NXC2500 uye NXC5500.
Chengetedza wireless network kumucheto
Mapoinzi ekuvakidzana ekuwana kubva kune parallel network haangogadziri kukanganisa, asi anogona zvakare kushandiswa sechitubu chekurwisa kunetiweki.
Nekudaro, iyo isina waya network controller inofanirwa kubata neizvi. Iwo NXC2500 neNXC5500 ma controllers ane maturusi akakwana mu arsenal yavo, seyakajairwa WPA/WPA2-Enterprise authentication, akasiyana maitirwo eExtensible Authentication Protocol (EAP), uye firewall yakavakirwa.
Nokudaro, mutongi haangowani nzvimbo dzisina kubvumirwa chete, asiwo anovhara zviito zvinofungira pane network yekambani, iyo inogona kunge yakatakura chinangwa chakaipa.
Rogue AP Kuonekwa (Rogue AP Containment)
Kutanga, ngationei kuti Rogue AP chii.
Rogue APs inzvimbo dzekune dzimwe nyika dzekune dzimwe nyika dzisiri pasi pekutonga kwemanetiweki maneja. Nekudaro, ivo varipo mukati mehuwandu hwebhizinesi Wi-Fi network. Semuyenzaniso, aya anogona kunge ari evashandi ega ega ekuwana nzvimbo dzakabatanidzwa mune yebasa hofisi network socket pasina mvumo. Iri rudzi rwechiitwa cheamateur chine mhedzisiro yakaipa pakuchengetedza network.
Muchokwadi, zvishandiso zvakadaro zvinogadzira chiteshi chechitatu-bato rekubatanidza kune bhizinesi network, ichipfuura iyo huru yekuchengetedza system.
Semuenzaniso, nzvimbo yekune dzimwe nyika (RG) haina kuwanikwa zviri pamutemo pane network yebhizinesi, asi isina waya network yakagadzirwa pairi ine zita rimwechete reSSID sepanzvimbo dzepamutemo dzekuwana. Nekuda kweizvozvo, iyo RG poindi inogona kushandiswa kubata mapassword uye rumwe ruzivo rwakadzama kana vatengi vari pakambani network vakanganisa kuyedza kubatana nayo uye kuyedza kuendesa magwaro avo. Nekuda kweizvozvo, zvitupa zvemushandisi zvichazivikanwa kumuridzi we "phishing" point.
Mazhinji eZyxel ekuwana mapoinzi ane yakavakirwa-mukati redhiyo scanning basa rekuona mapoinzi asina kutenderwa.
ZVINOKOSHA! Kuonekwa kwemapoinzi ekunze (AP Detection) inongoshanda kana imwe chete yeaya "sentinel" nzvimbo dzekuwana akagadzirirwa kushanda mune network yekutarisa maitiro.
Mushure meiyo Zyxel yekuwana nzvimbo, kana ichishanda mukutarisa modhi, inoona mapoinzi ekunze, nzira yekuvhara inogona kuitwa.
Ngatitii iyo Rogue AP inotevedzera zviri pamutemo nzvimbo yekuwana. Sezvambotaurwa pamusoro, munhu anorwisa anogona kudzokorora marongero emakambani eSSID pane imwe nzvimbo yenhema. Iyo Zyxel yekupinda nzvimbo inozoyedza kuvhiringa chiitiko chine njodzi nekukanganisa nekutepfenyura dummy mapaketi. Izvi zvinodzivirira vatengi kuti vabatane neRogue AP uye vatore zvitupa zvavo. Uye iyo "spy" yekupinda nzvimbo haizokwanisi kupedzisa basa rayo.
Sezvauri kuona, kupesvedzera kwenzvimbo dzekuwana hakungounze kukanganisa kunogumbura mukushanda kweumwe neumwe, asi zvakare kunogona kushandiswa kudzivirira kubva mukurwiswa nevapambi.
mhedziso
Zvinyorwa munyaya pfupi hazvitibvumire kutaura nezvese nuances. Asi kunyangwe nekukasira kuongorora, zvinova pachena kuti kusimudzira uye kugadzirisa kweiyo isina waya network kune anonakidza nuances. Kune rimwe divi, zvinodikanwa kurwisa kuwirirana kwezviratidziro, kusanganisira nekudzikisa simba rekuwana nzvimbo. Kune rumwe rutivi, zvinodikanwa kuchengetedza chiyero chechiratidzo panzvimbo yakakwirira yakakwana yekukurukurirana kwakadzikama.
Iwe unogona kutenderedza kupokana uku uchishandisa akakosha mabasa ewireless network controllers.
Izvo zvakakoshawo kucherechedza chokwadi chekuti Zyxel iri kushanda kuti ivandudze zvese zvinobatsira kuwana zvemhando yepamusoro kutaurirana pasina kushandisa mutengo wakakwira.
Sources
Source: www.habr.com