Nhasi, magetsi akawanda anopedzwa kuti ave nechokwadi chekushanda kwakanaka kwedata data. Muna 2013, nzvimbo dze data dzeUS chete dzaive anenge 91 bhiriyoni kilowatt-maawa esimba, yakaenzana neyakagadzirwa gore negore ye 34 huru yemagetsi emagetsi emagetsi.
Magetsi anoramba ari chimwe chezvinhu zvikuru zvinodhura zvemakambani ane nzvimbo dzedata, ndosaka vari kuedza kuedza kushanda zvakanaka kwemakomputa zvivakwa. Nokuda kweizvi, zvakasiyana-siyana zvekugadzirisa zvigadziriswe zvinoshandiswa, zvimwe zvatichataura nezvazvo nhasi.
/ mufananidzo
Virtualization
Kana zvasvika pakuvandudza simba resimba, virtualization ine akati wandei anogombedzera mabhenefiti. Chekutanga, kubatanidza masevhisi aripo pamaseva mashoma ehardware anobvumira kuchengetedza pakugadzirisa Hardware, izvo zvinoreva kuderera kutonhora, simba, uye nzvimbo mutengo. Kechipiri, virtualization inokutendera iwe kukwenenzvera mashandisiro ezviwanikwa zvehardware uye zviri nyore virtual power mukati mekuita basa.
NRDC neAnthesis vakabata mubatanidzwa uye akawana kuti nekutsiva 3100 maseva ne 150 virtual host, mari yemagetsi inogona kuderedzwa ne $ 2,1 mamiriyoni pagore. Sangano iro raive chinhu chekufarira rakachengetwa pakuchengetedza nekutenga midziyo, yakaderedza vashandi vevatariri vehurongwa, yakagamuchira vimbiso yekudzoreredza data kana paine matambudziko uye yakabvisa kudiwa kwekuvaka imwe nzvimbo yedata.
Maererano nemigumisiro Gartner, muna 2016, chiyero chekutsvaga kwemakambani akawanda chichapfuura 75%, uye misika pachayo ichave yakakosha pamadhora mabhiriyoni 5,6. Zvisinei, pane zvimwe zvinhu zviri kudzorera kupararira kwekugamuchirwa kwemaitiro. Chimwe chezvikonzero chikuru chinoramba chiri kuoma kwe "kuvakazve" nzvimbo dze data kune imwe nzira yekushanda, sezvo mari yeiyi inowanzopfuura iyo inogona kubatsira.
Maitiro ekugadzirisa magetsi
Masisitimu akadaro anoita kuti zvikwanisike kuwedzera simba resimba reinotonhora system kana kuderedza kushandiswa kwesimba kweIT michina, izvo zvinozotungamira mukuderedzwa kwemutengo. Muchiitiko ichi, inokosha , iyo inotarisa server basa, kushandiswa kwesimba uye mutengo, kugovera zvakare mutoro uye kunyange kudzima michina.
Imwe mhando yesimba rekutonga software ndeye data centre infrastructure management (DCIM) masisitimu, ayo anoshandiswa kutarisa, kuongorora uye kufanotaura kushanda nesimba kwemidziyo yakasiyana. Maturusi mazhinji eDCIM haashandiswe kutarisa mashandisirwo emagetsi eIT nemimwe michina, asi masisitimu mazhinji anouya nePUE (Simba Rekushandisa Kubudirira) macalculator. Maererano neIntel naDell DCIM, mhinduro dzakadaro 53% yevatungamiriri veIT.
Mazhinji mahardware nhasi akatogadzirwa kuti ave nesimba-rinoshanda, asi kutenga hardware kunowanzoisa simbiso pamutengo wekutanga kana kuita kwete mutengo wakakwana wevaridzi, zvichisiya hardware inoshanda nesimba kuti irambe iripo. . Mukuwedzera pakuderedza mabhiri emagetsi, michina yakadaro uyewo huwandu hwe CO2 kubudiswa mumhepo.
Dhata kumanikidza
Kunewo nzira dzisina kujeka dzekuvandudza simba rekushandisa kwe data data, semuenzaniso, kuderedza huwandu hwe data yakachengetwa. Kudzvanya data isingawanzo shandiswa chengetedza kusvika ku30% simba, kunyangwe uchifunga nezve chokwadi chekuti zviwanikwa zvinopedzwawo pakudzvanya uye decompression. Kubvisa data kunogona kuratidza mhedzisiro inoyevedza - 40-50%. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti kushandiswa kwepasi-simba kuchengetedza data "inotonhora" kunobatsirawo kuderedza kushandiswa kwesimba.
Kudzima zombie maseva
Rimwe rematambudziko rinotungamira mukusashanda kwesimba rekushandisa munzvimbo dzedata midziyo isina basa. Nyanzvi kuti mamwe makambani haakwanise kunyatso fungidzira huwandu hunodiwa hwezviwanikwa, nepo vamwe vachitenga server sevha neziso remangwana. Nekuda kweizvozvo, ingangoita 30% yemaseva haana basa, achidya madhora mabhiriyoni makumi matatu esimba pagore.
Panguva imwecheteyo, maererano nekudzidza, IT mamaneja ziva kubva pa15 kusvika ku30% yemasevha akaiswa, asi usanyore midziyo, uchitya mhedzisiro inogona kuitika. Chete 14% yevakapindura ndivo vakachengeta marekodhi emaseva asina kushandiswa uye vaiziva nhamba yavo ingangove.
Imwe sarudzo yekugadzirisa dambudziko iri ndeye kushandisa makore eruzhinji ane pay-as-you-go yekubhadhara modhi, apo kambani inobhadhara chete nekuda kwesimba rinoshandiswa chaizvo. Makambani mazhinji atoshandisa chirongwa ichi, uye muridzi weAligned Energy data center muPlano, Texas, anoti inobvumira vatengi kuchengetedza 30 kusvika 50% pagore.
Data center climate control
Pamusoro pe data centre simba rekushanda microclimate yekamuri umo midziyo iripo. Kuti mayuniti ekutonhodza ashande nemazvo, zvinodikanwa kudzikisira kurasikirwa kwechando nekuparadzanisa kamuri yedatare kubva kune yekunze nharaunda uye kudzivirira kupisa kupisa kuburikidza nemadziro, sirin'i uye pasi. Nzira yakanaka ndeye vapor barriers, iyo inogadzirisawo mwero wekunyorova mukamuri.
Humidity yakawandisa inogona kukonzeresa kukanganisa kwakasiyana mukushanda kwemidziyo, kuwedzera kupfeka uye kuora, nepo hunyoro hwakanyanya kuderera hunogona kukonzera kubuda kwemagetsi. inotarisa huwandu hwakakwana hwehunyoro hwehukama hwenzvimbo yedata muhuwandu kubva pa40 kusvika ku55%.
Kubudirira kwekufambisa kwemhepo kugovera kunogonawo kuchengetedza 20-25% yekushandiswa kwesimba. Kuiswa kwakakodzera kwemidziyo racks kuchabatsira neizvi: kupatsanura data centre makamuri emakombuta mu "inotonhora" uye "inopisa" makoridho. Muchiitiko ichi, zvinodikanwa kuve nechokwadi chekuvharidzira kwekoridho: isa mahwendefa ane perforated munzvimbo dzinodiwa uye shandisa mapaneru asina chinhu pakati pemitsara yemaseva kudzivirira kusanganiswa kwekuyerera kwemhepo.
Izvo zvakakoshawo kufunga kwete chete nzvimbo yemidziyo, asiwo nzvimbo yemamiriro ekunze system. Pakukamura imba yacho mumikoto βinotonhoraβ uye βinopisaβ, maairconditioner anofanirwa kuiswa perpendicular kumhepo inopisa kuti asapinda mukoridho nemhepo inotonhora.
Chinhu chakakosha zvakaenzana chekutonga kwemafuta kunoshanda munzvimbo yedata ndiko kuiswa kwewaya, izvo zvinogona kuvharidzira kuyerera kwemhepo, kuderedza static kudzvanywa uye kuderedza kutonhora kwemidziyo yeIT. Mamiriro ezvinhu anogona kugadziriswa nekufambisa matireyi etambo kubva pasi pevhu rakasimudzwa pedyo nedenga.
Kutonhora kwakasikwa uye mvura
Imwe nzira yakanakisa kune yakatsaurirwa kudzora mamiriro ekunze kutonhora kwechisikigo, iyo inogona kushandiswa munguva yekutonhora. Nhasi, tekinoroji inoita kuti zvikwanise kuchinja kushandisa economizer kana mamiriro ekunze achibvumidza. Zvinoenderana neongororo yakaitwa neBattelle Laboratories, kutonhora kwemahara kunoderedza mutengo wesimba renzvimbo ne13%.
Kune mhando mbiri dzevagadziri vehupfumi: avo vanoshandisa mweya wakaoma chete, uye avo vanoshandisa kuwedzera kudiridza kana mweya usina kutonhodzwa zvakakwana. Mamwe masisitimu anogona kusanganisa akasiyana marudzi eeconomizer kuti agadzire akawanda-level ekutonhodza masisitimu.
Asi mhepo yekutonhodza masisitimu kazhinji haishande nekuda kwekusanganiswa kwekuyerera kwemhepo kana kusakwanisa kushandisa kupisa kwakanyanya kunobviswa. Mukuwedzera, kuiswa kwemaitiro akadaro kunowanzobatanidza mari yekuwedzera kune mafirita emhepo uye kugara uchitarisa.
Nyanzvi dzakawanda dzinotenda kuti kutonhora kwemvura kunoita basa rayo zvirinani. Mumiriri weDanish mutengesi Asetek, anoshanda mukugadzirwa kwemvura inotonhorera masisitimu emaseva, John Hamill, mvura iyoyo inosvika zviuru zvina zvakapetwa kaviri pakugona kuchengeta nekufambisa kupisa kupfuura mweya. Uye panguva yekuedza kwakaitwa naLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory mukubatana neAmerican Power Conversion Corporation neSilicon Valley Leadership Group, , kuti nekuda kwekushandiswa kwemvura inotonhorera uye kugovera mvura kubva kune inotonhorera tower, mune dzimwe nguva, kuchengetedza kwesimba kwakasvika 50%.
Mamwe matekinoroji
Nhasi, kune nzvimbo nhatu dzakagadziridzwa dzichabatsira kuita kuti nzvimbo dze data dzishande zvakanyanya: kushandiswa kwema-multi-core processors, masystem ekutonhorera akabatanidzwa uye kutonhora padanho rechip.
Vagadziri vekombuta vanotenda kuti ma-multi-core processors, nekuzadzisa mamwe mabasa munguva pfupi, anoderedza server simba rekushandisa ne40%. Muenzaniso wekubudirira kweiyo yakabatanidzwa yekutonhodza sisitimu ndeye CoolFrame mhinduro kubva kuEgenera uye Emerson Network Power. Zvinotora mhepo inopisa inobuda kubva kumaseva, inotonhorera uye "inoikanda" muimba, nokudaro inoderedza mutoro pamutambo mukuru ne23%.
Nezvekutaura chip kutonhora, inobvumira kupisa kutamiswa zvakananga kubva munzvimbo dzinopisa dzesevha, senge central processing units, graphics processing units, uye memory modules, kupinda mumhepo yakadzika yeraki kana kunze kwekamuri yekombuta.
Kuwedzera kwesimba rekushandisa kwave kuri kuita chaiko nhasi, izvo zvisingashamisi, zvichipihwa huwandu hwekushandiswa kwenzvimbo dzedata: 25-40% yezvese mari yekushandisa inobva pakubhadhara magetsi mabhiri. Asi dambudziko guru nderekuti kilowatt-awa yega yega inopedzwa neIT midziyo inoshandurwa kuita kupisa, iyo inozobviswa nemagetsi-inotonhora inotonhora michina. Nokudaro, mumakore anotevera, kuderedza kushandiswa kwesimba kwezvivako zve data hakuzoregi kuva akakodzera - nzira itsva dzakawanda dzekuwedzera simba rekushandisa kwe data data dzichaonekwa.
Zvimwe zvinhu kubva kublog yedu paHabrΓ©:
Source: www.habr.com