Isa Linux desktop pane Android

Mhoro, Habr! Ini ndinopa kwauri kududzirwa kwechinyorwa kubva kumagazini yeAPC.

Ichi chinyorwa chinovhara kuisirwa kwakazara kweLinux inoshanda nharaunda pamwe neiyo graphical desktop nharaunda pane Android zvishandiso.

Imwe yeakakosha matekinoroji ayo mazhinji eLinux masisitimu pane Android anoshandisa ndeye pRoot. Uku ndiko kusetwa kwemushandisi-nzvimbo yechroot utility, iyo inonyanya kufarirwa paLinux desktops nemaseva. Nekudaro, chishandiso chechroot chinoda mvumo yemushandisi wemidzi, iyo isingawanikwe nekusarudzika pa Android. pRoot inopa mukana uyu nekutanga dhairekitori inosunga.

Linux terminals

Haasi ese maLinux terminal emulators eApple ane seti yeBusyBox zvishandiso, zvakasiyana, semuenzaniso, Termux. Chikonzero cheizvi ndechekuti iyo pfungwa yese yemasisitimu akadaro ndeyekupa "yakazara" yekumisikidzwa kwezvinhu zvese zveOS, nepo BusyBox yakagadzirirwa kudzikamisa zvese zvinojairika zvinoshandiswa kuita rimwe bhinari faira. Pane masisitimu asina BusyBox yakaiswa, iyo Linux bootstrap inoshandiswa, iyo ine yakazara shanduro dzezvirongwa.
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Seta iyo yekupinda uye password yekugovera uye VNC mu UserLand.

Nekudaro, masisitimu aya ane imwe tekinoroji isingade Termux. Ichi chinyorwa chichavhara kuisirwa kwakazara kwekugoverwa kweLinux, pamwe neiyo GUI desktop. Asi chekutanga iwe unofanirwa kusarudza nzira yekuisa iyo graphics system.

Linux pane Android

Sezvambotaurwa, iwo software mapakeji atichange tichiisa anomhanya munzvimbo yemushandisi.

Izvi zvinoreva kuti vane mvumo chete yemushandisi aripo, iyo mune iyo Android OS inogara iri mushandisi wenguva dzose, i.e. haana kodzero dzemutungamiri. Nekudaro, kuti tiise iyo Linux desktop, isu tichada kuisa sevha yemifananidzo yakaita seX kana Wayland. Kana tikaita izvi munzvimbo yeLinux inoshanda, yaizomhanya semushandisi wenguva dzose, pasina kuwana iyo giraidhi layer ye Android OS. Uye saka isu tinofanira kutarisa kumisikidza sevha mu "standard" Android nzira, kuitira kuti iwane mukana kune Hardware uye kugona kutsigira graphical nharaunda.

Vanhu vakangwara munharaunda yevagadziri vauya nemhinduro mbiri kudambudziko iri. Yekutanga ndeye kushandisa yako yega shanduro dzeLinux (kazhinji Server X). Kana vangotanga kumhanya kumashure, iwe uchave nekuwana iyi yekumashure maitiro kuburikidza neVNC. Kana mudziyo wako weAroid watova neVNC yekuona chirongwa chekudyidzana kure nemamwe makomputa, ingo shandisa kuti uwane kure kure kune wepano mugamuchiri. Iyi imhinduro yakapusa kuita, asi vamwe vashandisi vataura kuti vane dambudziko rekuita kuti chirongwa chishande.

Yechipiri sarudzo ndeyekuisa sevha yakagadzirirwa zvakanangana nemidziyo yeAroid. Mamwe maseva anowanikwa paPlay Store mumhando dzakabhadharwa uye dzemahara. Usati waisa, unofanirwa kutarisa kuti sarudzo yakasarudzwa inotsigirwa here kana kuti inoshanda neLinux ye Android software package yauri kuzoisa. Isu takasarudza iyo X-Server system, uye saka takashandisa XServer XSDL software package (ссылка) Ichi chinyorwa chinotsanangura maitiro ekuisa iyi server, kunyangwe ingave yakati siyanei kana uine imwe application yakaiswa kana uri kushandisa VNC.

Kusarudzwa kwehurongwa

Sezvinoita neX-Servers, kune akati wandei maapplication muPlay Store yekuisa Linux kugovera. Pano, sezvakaita Termux, tichatarisa pane zvingasarudzwa zvisingade ropafadzo dzevashandisi, izvo zvinosanganisira imwe nhanho yengozi. Aya maapplication anopa ese mashandiro anonyanya kudiwa nevashandisi uchichengeta data rako rakachengeteka. Pazasi pane mienzaniso yemashandisirwo akadaro muPlay Store:

- UserLAND: Sarudzo yakakurumbira pakati pevashandisi. Iko kushandiswa kunosanganisira seti yezvakajairwa kugovera: Debian, Ubuntu, Arch uye Kali. Zvinofadza, kunyangwe kushomeka kweRPM-yakavakirwa sarudzo, UserLAnd inosanganisira Alpine Linux yemidziyo ine ndangariro shoma.

- AnLinux: Ichi chishandiso chinobatsira mukuisa imwe kana akawanda rondedzero yekugovera kukuru uye inogona kusanganisira Ubuntu/Debian, Fedora/CentOS, openSUSE uye kunyange Kali. Ikoko iwe unogona zvakare kusarudza yakaderera-mutengo desktop sarudzo: Xfce4, MATE, LXQtand LXDE. Kuti ushande, Termux inofanirwa kuiswa, uye iyo Android inoshanda sisitimu inofanirwa kunge iri 5.0 kana kupfuura.

- Andronix zvakafanana neAnLinux. Inogona kugadzirwa zvirinani pane yapfuura app, asi inotsigira mashoma ekugovera.

- GNURoot WheezyX: Iyi purojekiti yakatanga seyakasiyana yeLinux pa Android uye yakagadziridzwa kuvhura sosi zvirongwa. Sezvinoratidzwa nezita racho, rinotarisa pakugoverwa kweDebian, nepo 'X' iri kumagumo inoreva kuti application yacho yakanangana negraphical desktop. Uye zvisinei nekuti vagadziri vakamira kusimudzira purojekiti nekuda kweUserLAnd, GNURoot WheezyX ichiri kuwanikwa paPlay Store kana paine munhu achiida.

Vanyori vechinyorwa ichi vachashandisa iyo UserLAnd application kuisa Linux desktop pane Android, uye pane akati wandei zvikonzero zveizvi. Chekutanga, application yacho yakavhurika sosi (kunyangwe AnLinux zvakare). Kechipiri, inopa sarudzo yakanaka yekugovera (kunyangwe isingasanganisire Fedora kana CentOS), uye zvakare inobvumidza iwe kuti uise kugovera ine zvidiki system zvinodiwa izvo zvisingatore nzvimbo yakawanda pane yako smartphone ndangariro. Asi mukana mukuru we UserLAnd nderekuti ine maturusi ekutsigira ekuisa ega ega maapplication panzvimbo yekugovera kwese. Tichaona kuti izvi zvinorevei kwatiri gare gare. Zvino ngatiise UserLAnd pane chako kifaa.

UserLAnd application

Dhawunirodha app kubva kuGoogle Play kana F-Droid (ссылка) pa Android OS. Inoisa senge chero imwe application - haufanire kuita chero chinhu chakakosha pano. Mushure meizvozvo, itarura kubva mudhirowa rekushandisa.

Chinhu chekutanga chauchaona pane runyorwa rwekugovera. Pakupera iwe unogona kuwana akati wandei edesktop sarudzo: LXDE uye Xfce4. Inotenderedzwa neFirefox application, mitambo yakati wandei uye akati wandei emahofisi ekushandisa: GIMP, Inkscape uye LibreOfce. Iyi tab inonzi "Applications". Inoitirwa kuisa maapplication.

Paunenge uchinge waisa chimwe chinhu, inopindirana yekupinda nezvayo ichaonekwa mu "Session" tab. Pano iwe unogona kutanga kana kumisa chikamu chazvino, pamwe nekuona maitiro ekumhanya.

"Filesystems" ndiyo yekupedzisira tebhu inoratidza kuiswa kwatopera. Izvo zvakakosha kucherechedza kuti mushure mekudzima chero chinhu kubva kuFayilesystems, ruzivo pamusoro payo ruchadzimwa kubva kuSession tab, iyo, zvisinei, isingaratidzi neimwe nzira. Izvi zvinoreva kuti iwe unogona kugadzira chikamu chitsva zvichibva pane yazvino faira system. Zviri nyore kunzwisisa kuti hukama uhu hunoshanda sei kana ukahuona mukuita, saka tichatanga nekuisa iyo application muUserLAnd system nharaunda.


Usati waisa kugovera pane yako smartphone, unofanirwa kupa UserLAnd kuwana kune yekuchengetedza.

Distributions mu UserLAnd

Sarudza imwe yekugovera iri paApps skrini yekuisa pane chako kifaa. Tichashandisa Ubuntu semuenzaniso. Paunodzvanya pachiratidzo, bhokisi renhaurirano rinobuda richibvunza zita rako rekushandisa, password, uye VNC password. Zvadaro sarudza nzira iyo iwe uchawana nayo kugovera. Iko kurodha kunotanga, panguva iyo mufananidzo wekutanga wekugoverwa kwakasarudzwa uchashandiswa. Iyo faira ichaburitswa muUserLAnd dhairekitori.

Kana kurodha kwapera, dzokera kune xterm terminal emulator. Unogona kubudisa murairo wekushandisa kuti uzive kuti ndeipi vhezheni yeLinux yawakaisa:

uname –a

Nhanho inotevera ndeyekuisa desktop uchishandisa iyo Ubuntu utility command:

sudo apt install lxde

Nhanho yekupedzisira ndeyekuita shuwa kuti yako nyowani desktop nharaunda yakagadzirira kuvhurwa. Kuti uite izvi unofanirwa kugadzirisa faira .xinitrcfile, iyo parizvino ine mutsara mumwe chete /usr/bin/twm. Inoda kuchinjwa kuti ive /usr/bin/startlxde. Iye zvino buda muchikamu cheXSDL (ita shuwa yekudzvanya bhatani STOP munzvimbo yekuzivisa), bata bhatani re "Ubuntu rondedzero" pane Sessions tebhu, wobva wadzvanya "Misa Sessions" uye wotangazve zvikamu. Mushure memasekondi mashoma, iyo LXDE system nharaunda inofanira kuoneka. Iwe unogona kuita zvinhu zvakafanana mairi sepadesktop yakajairwa. Inogona kungova diki uye zvishoma zvishoma-uchafanirwa kumirira kwenguva yakareba kuti udzvanye bhatani pane mudziyo pane zvaungaite nekhibhodi nembeva. Ngationei chaizvo kuti tingavandudza sei Linux system nharaunda pane smartphone.

Inokurumidza gwara kune UserLAnd

Kana iwe ukanyatsoongorora zviri mukati medesktop, iwe unowana iyo chaiyo nhandaro yedesktop vhezheni. Kana iwe uri kushandisa UserLAnd pane mudziyo une keyboard uye mbeva (yakabatana neBluetooth kana neimwe nzira), iwe uchaona zviri nyore kuchinjika kushandisa iyo Linux system nharaunda mune iyi fomati. Kunze kwekunonoka kudiki kwakakonzerwa neiyo X-Windows cursor inowiriranisa neiyo Android mudziyo cursor, zvese zvinoshanda mushe.

Chinhu chekutanga chaungade kuita ndechekugadzirisa iyo default font system nekuti mafonti edesktop akakurisa kune yako foni skrini. Enda kumenyu huru, wobva wasarudza Zvirongwa → Gadzirisa chitarisiko uye majeti → Widget. Pano unogona kushandura saizi yefonti yakasarudzika kuita sarudzo yakakodzera yefoni yako.

Tevere, ungangoda kuisa ako aunofarira zvirongwa muLinux system nharaunda. Sezvambotaurwa pamusoro apa, mirairo yekushandisa haishande mune iyi kesi, saka inzwa wakasununguka kushandisa chaiyo yakakosha chishandiso chakaiswa mu UserLAnd system nharaunda, inonzi ASAP:

sudo apt install emacs

Kugoverwa mukushandiswa kunounzwa nenzira yezvikamu. Unogona kuvatanga nekuvavhara.

Mushure mekuisa kugovera, iwe unogona kuwedzera desktop nharaunda neyakajairwa mirairo.

Iwe ungangodawo dzimwe nzira dzekubatanidza dzekugovera kwako. Kungoti iwe wakatanga kuisa XSDL hazvireve kuti inofanira kunge yakafanana nguva dzese. Iwe unogona kugadzira imwe account pane Session tebhu uye sarudza imwe sevha. Ingoita chokwadi chekunongedza kune imwechete faira system. UserLAnd ichaedza kukutungamira kune chaiyo application yekumisikidza rudzi rutsva rwekubatanidza: ingave XSDL, ConnectBot yeSSH, kana bVNC.

Nekudaro, kusimbirira uko iyo app inokuendesa otomatiki kuGoogle Play Store paunoyedza kubatana zvakare kunogona kutsamwisa. Kuti umise izvi, ingochinja sevha nekuisa yakakosha application. Kuisa SSH, sarudza yekare yakavimbika VX ConnectBot. Ingo pinda muchiteshi 2022 pane yako yekushandira ine zita rako rekushandisa uye password. Kuti ubatanidze kuseva yeVNC, ingoisa iyo yekutengesa, asi mune zvakawanda zvakapfuura, Jump Desktop application, uye dial kero 127.0.0.1:5951.

Tinovimba unorangarira VNC password yawakaseta pawakagadzira iyo faira system.
Iwe unogona zvakare kuwana yako yazvino UserLAnd chikamu uchishandisa maturusi akafanana pane imwe komputa panetiweki yako. Zvakakwana kubatanidza SSH kune inomhanya sesheni (ine yekubatanidza mhando SSH, hongu) uchishandisa Linux terminal, semuenzaniso, Konsole, kana kubatanidza kumusangano weVNC uchishandisa KRDC. Ingo tsiva kero dzenzvimbo pakombuta yako neayo IP kero yeAroid yako.

Yakasanganiswa neanoverengeka anotakurika maapplication, iyi setup inokupa iri nyore, inotakurika Linux system iyo iwe yaunogona kubatana nayo uchishandisa chero komputa iripo kwauri ikozvino.

Source: www.habr.com