Webhu server paCentOS 8 ine php7, node.js uye redis

Foreword

Pave nemazuva 2 kubva pakusunungurwa kweshanduro itsva yeCentOS operating system, iyo CentOS 8. Uye kusvika ikozvino pane zvinyorwa zvishomanana paInternet pamusoro pekuti zvinhu zvinoitwa sei mairi, saka ndakasarudza kuzadza gaka iri. Uyezve, ini handizokuudza chete nezve maitiro ekuisa maviri aya ezvirongwa, asiwo nezve mabatiro andinowanzo kuona kuisa Linux munzvimbo yemazuva ano yemazuva ano mabasa akajairika, anosanganisira partitioning disks uye zvichingodaro.

Asi pakutanga, ndinoda kutaura muchidimbu nezvekuti nei zvakakodzera kuchinjira kune iyi vhezheni kubva kune ese apfuura, uye pane zvikonzero zviviri zveizvi:

1. php7! Mushanduro yapfuura yeCentOS, iyo "Orthodox" php5.4 yakaiswa ...

   Zvakanaka, kuti zvive zvakakomba zvishoma, mapakeji mazhinji akasvetuka kuburikidza akati wandei shanduro en masse. Isu (mafeni eredhat-senge maOS) takazopinda, kana zvisiri mune ramangwana, zvino mune zvazvino. Uye vatsigiri veUbuntu havachatiseka nekutinongedza neminwe, zvakanaka ... kwechinguva;).

2. Shanduko kubva yum kuenda kudnf. Musiyano mukuru ndewekuti ikozvino inotsigirwa zviri pamutemo kushanda neshanduro dzinoverengeka dzepakeji kamwechete. Mumasere chaiwo, handisati ndambowana izvi zvichibatsira, asi zvinoita sekuvimbisa.

Gadzira muchina chaiwo

Kune akasiyana hypervisors uye ini handina chinangwa chekugadzirisa muverengi kune chaiyo, ini ndichakuudza nezve misimboti.

ndangariro

Kutanga ... Kuisa CentOS system kutanga kubva ku7 zvechokwadi, uye mumaonero angu izvi zvaive zvakare mu6 ("asi izvi hazvina chokwadi"), unoda zvishoma 2 GB RAM. Naizvozvo, ndinokupa zano kuti upe zvakawanda kudaro kutanga.

Asi kana paine, mushure mekuisa saizi yekurangarira inogona kuderedzwa. Pa1 GB iyo isina bare system inoshanda chaizvo, ndakatarisa.

dhisiki

Nekugadzika kwakajairwa, unofanirwa kugadzira dhisiki chaiyo ine huwandu hwe20-30 GB. Izvi zvakakwana kune system. Uye yechipiri dhisiki yedata. Inogona kuwedzerwa zvese padanho rekugadzira chaiyo muchina uye mushure. Ndinowanzo wedzera gare gare.

processor

Pane imwe musimboti, iyo isina hurongwa hainonoke. Uye sezvo zviwanikwa zvichikwira zvakasununguka, ini handisi kuona chero chikonzero chekupa zvakawanda panguva yekuisa (kunze kwekunge iwe uchiziva zvinodiwa zvakakwana uye uine usimbe kupinda mugadziriso zvakare)

Mamwe ose anogona kazhinji kusiiwa seagara aripo.

Kuiswa chaiko

Saka ... Ngatitangei installer ... Ini pachangu, ndanga ndichiisa masevhisi akadaro chete muchimiro chemichina chaiyo kwenguva yakareba, saka handisi kuzotsanangura marudzi ese ekugovera marekodhi pane flash drive - ndinongokwira. iyo ISO seCD mune yangu yandinoda hypervisor, dhawunirodha uye enda.

Iko kuisirwa kwekutanga kwakajairwa, ini ndinongogara pane mashoma mapoinzi.

Sarudzo yekwakabva

Kubva pakusunungurwa kwechisere shanduro, girazi kubva kuYandex rave rakarara kwemazuva. Zvakanaka, ndiko kuti, nguva nenguva inosimuka, uyezve inotanga kuratidza kukanganisa. Ndine chokwadi kuti imhaka yekuremerwa kwesevhisi. Naizvozvo, kuti ndiratidze kwaibva, ini pachangu ndaifanira, pane kuisa kero yenguva dzose, kuenda pano, sarudza girazi randinoda ipapo uye woisa nemaoko kero muhwindo rekuisa. Izvo zvakakosha kuti uyeuke pano kuti iwe unofanirwa kutsanangura nzira yekuenda kune iyo dhairekitori iripo repodata. Somuenzaniso, mirror.corbina.net/pub/Linux/centos/8/BaseOS/x86_64/os.

Diski partitioning

Mubvunzo uyu ndewechitendero mumaonero angu. Admin umwe neumwe ane paamire panyaya iyi. Asi ndicharamba ndichigovera maonero angu panyaya iyi.

Ehe, mumusimboti, iwe unogona kugovera iyo nzvimbo yese kumudzi uye inoshanda, kazhinji kana yakanyatso. Sei zvino kufence bindu rine zvikamu zvakasiyana? - Sekuona kwangu, pane zvikonzero zviviri zvakakosha zveizvi: quotas uye kutakura.

Semuyenzaniso, kana chimwe chinhu chikatadza uye zvikanganiso zvikaitika pachikamu chikuru che data, iwe unoda kukwanisa kudzvanya sisitimu uye kuita nhanho dzekumutsidzira. Naizvozvo, ini pachangu ndinogovera chikamu chakasiyana che / boot. Kune kernel uye bootloader. Kazhinji 500 megabytes inokwana, asi muzviitiko zvisingawanzoitiki zvakawanda zvinogona kudiwa, uye tichipiwa kuti isu tatojaira kuyera nzvimbo mumaterabytes, ndinogovera 2GB yechikamu ichi. Uye chinhu chakakosha apa ndechekuti haigone kuitwa lvm.

Kunotevera kunouya mudzi wehurongwa. Nekumisikidzwa kwakajairwa, handina kumbobvira ndada zvinopfuura 4 GB pahurongwa, asi panguva dzezviitiko zvakarongwa ndinowanzo shandisa iyo /tmp dhairekitori kuburitsa kugovera, uye ini handioni chero chikonzero chekuitsaurira kune yakaparadzana kupatsanurwa - muhurongwa hwazvino. inocheneswa otomatiki, saka haina kuzadzwa . Saka ini ndinogovera 8GB yemudzi.

Shandura... Zvikuru, pane zvishoma zvinoshanda zvekushandisa kubva pazviri. Kana iwe ukatanga kushandisa shanduko pane yako server, nhasi munyika chaiyo izvi zvinongoreva kuti sevha inoda kuwedzera imwe RAM. Zvikasadaro, matambudziko nekuita anovimbiswa (kana imwe chirongwa "inodonha" ndangariro). Nokudaro, chikamu ichi chinodiwa kune zvinangwa zvekuongorora chete. Naizvozvo, 2 GB inhamba yakanaka. Ehe, zvisinei nekuti yakawanda sei ndangariro pane server. Hongu, ndakaverenga zvinyorwa zvose izvo zvakanyorwa pamusoro pehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwekuchinjanisa huwandu ... IMHO, dzakasakara. Mumakore gumi ekudzidzira handina kumbobvira ndada izvi. 10 makore apfuura ndakavashandisa, hongu.

IMHO, munhu wese anogona kuzvisarudzira kugovera / imba muchikamu chakasiyana. Kana mumwe munhu ari paseva achishingaira kushandisa dhairekitori iri, zviri nani kuigovera. Kana pasina munhu, hapana chikonzero.

Zvadaro, /var. Mukuona kwangu, inofanira kunyatsojekeswa. Kutanga, iwe unogona kuzviganhurira iwe ku4 GB, uye ona kuti zvinofamba sei. Uye hongu, ne "kuti zvinofamba sei" ndinoreva izvozvo

1. Chekutanga, iwe unogona kugara uchiisa imwe dhisiki mu / var subdirectory (iyo yandicharatidza gare gare nemuenzaniso)
2. Chechipiri, isu tine lvm - unogona kugara uchiiwedzera. Uye iwe kazhinji unofanirwa kuiwedzera kana matanda akawanda atanga kudira imomo. Asi ini handina kumbobvira ndakwanisa kufanotaura nhamba iyi pachine nguva, saka ndinotanga ne2 GB ndozotarisa.

Nzvimbo isina kugoverwa icharamba yakasununguka muboka revhoriyamu uye inogona kushandiswa nguva dzose gare gare.

LVM

zvose Zvine musoro kuita zvikamu kunze kwe / boot muLVM. Hongu, kusanganisira kuchinjana. Hongu, maererano nezano rose, kuchinja kunofanira kunge kuri pakutanga kwe diski, asi munyaya yeLVM nzvimbo yaro haigoni kutsanangurwa mumusimboti. Asi sezvandanyora pamusoro, system yako haafaniri shandisa swap zvachose. Naizvozvo, hazvina basa kuti ari kupi. Zvakanaka, isu hatigari mu'95, chokwadi!

Kupfuurirazve, muLVM kune akati wandei ekutanga masangano aunoda kuti ugone kurarama nawo:

• vhoriyamu yemuviri
• volume group
• inzwi rine musoro

Mavhoriyamu emuviri anosanganiswa kuita mapoka, uye vhoriyamu yega yega inogona kuva muboka rimwe chete, uye boka rinogona kuwanikwa pamavhoriyamu akati wandei panguva imwe chete.
Uye mavhoriyamu ane musoro ari muboka rimwe chete.

Asi ... Damn, izana remakore rechi21 zvakare. Uye maseva ari virtual. Hazvina musoro kushandisa kwavari nzira dzakafanana dzakashandiswa kune dzenyama. Uye kune chaiwo chaiwo zvakakosha kuve nedata zvakasiyana kubva kune system! Izvi zvakakosha zvakanyanya, kunyanya pakukwanisa kukurumidza kushandura data kune imwe virtual muchina (somuenzaniso, kana uchichinja kune itsva OS) uye kazhinji kune ese marudzi ezvakanaka zvinonaka (akaparadzana backups nema partitions uchishandisa hypervisor zvishandiso, semuenzaniso) . Naizvozvo, rimwe boka revhoriyamu rinoshandiswa kune sisitimu uye zvadaro rimwe rinoshandiswa kune data! Uku kupatsanura zvine musoro kunobatsira zvakanyanya muhupenyu!

Kana iwe wakagadzira imwe chete chaiyo hard disk paunenge uchigadzira muchina chaiwo, apa ndipo panogumira gadziriso. Uye kana paine maviri, saka usamaka yechipiri parizvino.

Ngatitange kuisa.

Post-installation

Saka, iyo ichangobva kuisirwa sisitimu yakazotanga. Chinhu chekutanga chaunoda kutarisa iInternet.

ping ya.ru

Pane mhinduro here? - Zvakanaka, dzvanya Ctrl-C.
Kana zvisina kudaro, enda kunogadzira network, hapana hupenyu husina izvi, asi handizvo izvo chinyorwa changu chiri pamusoro.

Zvino kana tichigere kuva pasi pemidzi, pindai pasi pemidzi, nokuti monyora zvakadaro iyo nhamba yemirairo ine sudo pachangu yakandityora (uye dai maparanoid admins andiregerere):

sudo -i

Zvino chinhu chekutanga chatinoita kutaipa

dnf -y update

Uye kana iwe uri kuverenga chinyorwa ichi muna 2019, kazhinji hapana chichaitika, asi zvaive zvakakodzera kuti uedze.

Zvino ngatigadzirirei dhisiki rasara

Ngatitii kupatsanurwa neiyo system yaive xvda, ipapo data dhisiki richave xvdb. OK.

Mazano mazhinji anozotanga ne "Mhanya fdisk uye gadzira chikamu ..."

Saka izvi zvakaipa!

Ndichazvitaura zvakare nekuti zvakakosha! Muchiitiko ichi, kushanda neLVM, iyo inotora dhisiki rimwe chete, kugadzira zvikamu pairi zvinokuvadza! Shoko rese mumutsara uyu rakakosha. Kana tikashanda pasina LVM, tinofanira kudaro. Kana isu tine system uye data pane diski, tinoida. Kana nekuda kwechimwe chikonzero tinoda kusiya hafu ye diski isina chinhu, isu tinofanirawo. Asi kazhinji fungidziro idzi dzese dzinongova dzedzidziso. Nekuti kana isu tikafunga kuwedzera nzvimbo kune iripo chikamu, saka nzira iri nyore yekuzviita ndeyekugadziriswa uku. Uye kureruka kwekutonga kunodarika zvimwe zvinhu zvakawanda zvekuti isu tiri kufamba nemaune takanangana nekugadziriswa uku.

Uye zviri nyore ndezvekuti kana iwe uchida kuwedzera iyo data partition, iwe unongowedzera nzvimbo kune chaiyo partition, wobva wawedzera boka uchishandisa vgextend uye ndizvozvo! Muzviitiko zvisingawanzoitiki, chimwe chinhu chinogona kudiwa, asi zvishoma hauzofaniri kuwedzera vhoriyamu inonzwisisika pakutanga, iyo yatove yakanaka. Zvikasadaro, kuti uwedzere vhoriyamu iyi, vanokurudzira kutanga kudzima iripo, uyezve kugadzira imwe nyowani pamusoro ... Izvo zvisingataridzike zvakanaka uye hazvigone kuitwa mhenyu, asi kuwedzera zvinoenderana nechiitiko chandakaratidza chinogona yakaitwa “paruzevha” pasina kana kudzikisa kupatsanurwa.

Saka, isu tinogadzira vhoriyamu yemuviri, ipapo boka revhoriyamu rinoisanganisira, uyezve kupatsanura kwesevha yedu:

pvcreate /dev/xvdb
vgcreate data /dev/xvdb
lvcreate -n www -L40G data
mke2fs -t ext4 /dev/mapper/data-www

Pano, pachinzvimbo chebhii guru "L" (uye saizi muGB), unogona kutsanangura diki, uye ipapo panzvimbo yehukuru hwakakwana, tsanangura imwe hama, semuenzaniso, kushandisa hafu yenzvimbo yemahara ikozvino. boka revhoriyamu, unofanirwa kutsanangura "-l + 50% MAHARA"

Uye murairo wekupedzisira unogadzirisa chikamu mu ext4 faira system (iyo kusvika ikozvino, mune yangu ruzivo, inoratidza kugadzikana kukuru kana zvinhu zvose zvikaputsika, saka ndinozvida).

Iye zvino tinoisa chikamu munzvimbo chaiyo. Kuti uite izvi, wedzera mutsara wakakodzera ku /etc/fstab:

/dev/mapper/data-www    /var/www                ext4    defaults        1 2

Uye isu tinofona

mount /var/www

Kana kukanganisa kukaitika, ridza alarm! Nekuti izvi zvinoreva kuti isu tine chikanganiso mu /etc/fstab. Uye kuti pane inotevera reboot isu tichava nematambudziko makuru kwazvo. Iyo sisitimu inogona kusabhuroka zvachose, izvo zvinowanzosuruvarisa zvakanyanya kune makore masevhisi. Naizvozvo, zvinodikanwa kururamisa nekukurumidza mutsara wekupedzisira wakawedzerwa, kana kuudzima zvachose! Ndosaka isu tisina kunyora mount command nemaoko - saka tingadai tisina kuwana mukana wakanaka kudaro wekutarisa config ipapo ipapo.

Iye zvino isu tinoisa zvese zvataida uye kuvhura madoko ewebhu:

dnf groupinstall "Development Tools"
dnf -y install httpd @nodejs @redis php
firewall-cmd --add-service http --permanent
firewall-cmd --add-service https --permanent

Kana uchida, iwe unogona zvakare kuisa dhatabhesi pano, asi ini pachangu ndinoedza kuichengeta yakaparadzana newebhu server. Kunyangwe kumuchengeta ari pedyo nekukurumidza, hongu. Iko kumhanya kweiyo virtual network adapters inowanzotenderedza gigabit, uye kana uchishanda pamushini mumwe chete, mafoni anoitika kanenge ipapo. Asi haina kuchengeteka zvishoma. Chii chinonyanya kukosha kuna ani?

Iye zvino isu tinowedzera parameter kune yekumisikidza faira (tinogadzira imwe nyowani, iyo yemazuva ano ideology yeCentOS yakaita seiyi)

echo "vm.overcommit_memory = 1"> /etc/sysctl.d/98-sysctl.conf

Isu tinotangazve server.
Mumashoko acho, ndakatukwa nekundirayira kuti ndidzime SeLinux, saka ndichazvigadzirisa ndonyora pamusoro pekuti mushure meizvi unofanira kuyeuka kugadzirisa SeLinux.
Chaizvoizvo, purofiti! 🙂

Source: www.habr.com