Kunyangwe nekubuda kweVPS yakachipa, yechinyakare webhu saiti haisi kuzofa. Ngatiedzei kuona kuti misiyano iripi pakati penzira mbiri dzekubata webhusaiti uye ndeipi iri nani.
Pawebhusaiti yemunhu wese anozviremekedza mupi pachazove nekufananidza kwechinyakare webhu kubata nemaseva chaiwo. Vanyori vezvinyorwa vanocherekedza kufanana kweVPS nemichina yemuviri uye vanodhirowa kufanana pakati pavo nedzimba dzavo, vachipa maseva ewebhu akagovaniswa basa redzimba dzemunharaunda. Zvakaoma kupokana nekuturikira kwakadaro, kunyangwe isu tichaedza kusanyatsojeka. Ngatitarisei zvakadzika pane epamusoro analogies uye tiongorore maficha ega ega sarudzo yevashandisi vekutanga.
Ko kuitisa zvechivanhu kunoshanda sei?
Kuitira kuti sevha yewebhu ishandire nzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana, dzinonzi. zita rakavakirwa virtual host. Iyo HTTP protocol inotora mukana wekutumira sechikamu chechikumbiro (uniform resource locator) - izvi zvinobvumira iyo sevhisi kuti inzwisise kuti ndeipi saiti iyo browser kana chimwe chirongwa chevatengi chiri kuwana. Zvese zvinosara ndezvekusunga zita rezita kune yaunoda IP kero uye tsanangura iyo midzi dhairekitori yeiyo chaiyo host mukugadzirisa. Mushure meizvi, unogona kugovera mafaera esaiti evashandisi vakasiyana mumadhairekitori avo epamba uye kuvhura mukana kuburikidza neFTP yekutonga.
Kuitira kuti server-padivi webhu maapplication (akasiyana magwaro kana kunyange zvemukati manejimendi masisitimu - CMS) kuti itange nekodzero dzemumwe mushandisi wekutambira, yakakosha suexec mechanism yakagadzirwa muApache. Zviri pachena kuti zvigadziriso zvekuchengetedzwa kwewebhu server hazvibvumiri vashandisi kupindira mubindu remumwe munhu, asi kazhinji zvinotaridzika seimba yemunharaunda ine makamuri akaparadzana uye yakajairika IP kero yemazana emasaiti. Iyo dhatabhesi sevha (kazhinji MySQL) yevaenzi vanogovaniswa zvakare, asi mushandisi wekutambira anongokwanisa kuwana dhatabhesi rake. Yese sevha software kunze kwesaiti zvinyorwa inochengetwa nemupi; vatengi havagone kushandura kumisikidzwa kwayo pakufunga kwavo. Iyo account manejimendi maitiro ndeye otomatiki: nekuda kweizvi zvinangwa, yega yega hoster ine yakakosha webhu pani iyo iwe yaunogona kubata masevhisi.
VPS inoshanda sei?
Kuenzanisa maseva chaiwo neaya enyama hakuna kunyatso kurongeka, sezvo mazhinji VPS achimhanya pane imwe "iron" host. Sekutaura kwekufananidzira, iyi haichisiri imba yeruzhinji, asi chivako chefurati chine musuo wakajairika uye zvivakwa zvinotakura zvinotakura. Kugadzira akaparadzana "apartments" (VPS) mukati me "imba" imwe (yemuviri sevha), zvishandiso kubva kune inoshanda sisitimu yakaiswa pane iyo saiti uye akasiyana siyana matekinoroji anoshandiswa.
Kana OS-level virtualization ikashandiswa, maitiro evatengi anongomhanya munzvimbo iri yega (kana imwe mhando yemudziyo) uye usaone zviwanikwa zvevamwe vanhu uye maitiro. Muchiitiko ichi, muenzi akasiyana OS haatange, izvo zvinoreva kuti software iri munzvimbo yevaenzi inofanirwa kunge iri bhinari inoenderana nehurongwa pane wenyama - sekutonga, vatengi vanopihwa GNU/Linux kugoverwa kwakanyatso kuchinjirwa nzira iyi. oparesheni. Kune zvakare mamwe epamberi sarudzo, kusanganisira yemuviri muchina emulation, paunogona kumhanyisa chero chero muenzi OS, kunyangwe kubva kune yako yekumisikidza mufananidzo.
Kubva pane maonero emutungamiri, chero VPS haina kunyanya kusiyana nevhavha yemuviri. Paunenge uchiraira sevhisi, mugadziri anoshandisa iyo yakasarudzwa gadziriso, uye ipapo kugadzirisa kwehurongwa kunowira pamapfudzi emutengi. Muchiitiko ichi, unogona kuisa software inodiwa uye kuigadzirisa sezvaunoda - rusununguko rwakakwana rwekusarudza web server, PHP version, database server, nezvimwe. VPS inewo yayo IP kero, saka haufanirwe kuigovana nevavakidzani zana kana kupfuura. Pano tichapedzisa kutsanangura kusiyana kukuru uye kuenderera mberi kune zvakanakira uye zvisingabatsiri izvo kusarudzwa kwekugadzirisa kunoenderana.
Ndeipi sarudzo iri nyore uye yakanyanya kunaka?
Virtual hosting haidi kutonga kwenharaunda inotsigira saiti. Mutengi haafanire kuisa, kugadzirisa uye kugadzirisa sisitimu uye application software pachake, uye mune dzimwe nguva dhizaini yekudzora inobvumidza iwe kuisa CMS - iyi sarudzo inotaridzika inoyevedza kune vanotanga. Kune rimwe divi, mabasa ekugadzirisa zvakanaka CMS acharamba achigadziriswa akazvimirira, uye kunze kweizvozvo, iyo yakaderera yekupinda chikumbaridzo inovanza kushoma kushanduka kwemhinduro. Sarudzo yesoftware ichave shoma: pakugovera kugovera haugone, semuenzaniso, kushandura vhezheni yePP kana MySQL paunoda, ndoda kuisa imwe exotic package kana kusarudza imwe nzira yekutonga - uchafanirwa kushandisa zvishandiso zvinopihwa ne mupi webasa. Kana mupi wako akakwidziridza sevha, maapplication ako ewebhu anogona kusangana nesoftware inoenderana nenyaya.
VPS haina izvi zvinokanganisa zvechinyakare kubata. Mutengi anogona kusarudza OS yaanoda (kwete Linux) uye kuisa chero software. Iwe uchafanirwa kumisikidza uye kutonga nharaunda iwe pachako, asi maitiro acho anogona kurerutswa - vese vanogamuchira vanopa kuti nekukasira kuisa control panel pane chaiyo server, iyo inogadzirisa maitiro ekutonga. Kutenda kwazviri, hapazove nemusiyano wakawanda mukuoma kwekutonga pakati pechinyakare kutambira neVPS. Uye zvakare, hapana anorambidza kuisa yako wega pani, iyo isingabatanidzwe mune rondedzero yezvinopihwa nemupi. Kazhinji, iyo yepamusoro yekutungamirira VPS haisi iyo yakakwirira, uye kushanduka kukuru kwemhinduro kupfuura kubhadhara kune mamwe ekuwedzera mari yebasa.
Ndeipi sarudzo yakachengeteka uye yakavimbika?
Zvinogona kuita senge kutambira mawebhusaiti pane yechinyakare hosting kwakachengeteka. Zviwanikwa zvevashandisi vakasiyana zvakaparadzaniswa kubva kune mumwe nemumwe, uye mupi anotarisisa kukosha kwesevha software - iyi isarudzo yakanaka, asi pekutanga kuona. Vanorwisa havagaro shandisa kusavimbika musoftware software; kazhinji mawebhusaiti anobiwa achishandisa maburi asina kuvharwa muzvinyorwa uye kusachengeteka marongero ezvemukati manejimendi masisitimu. Mupfungwa iyi, kutambira kwechinyakare hakuna zvakwakanakira - zvemutengi zviwanikwa zvinoshanda paCMS imwechete - asi pane zvakawanda zvinokanganisa.
Dambudziko guru rekugoverana kwekugovana ndiyo yakagovaniswa IP kero yemazana emasaiti kubva kune vakasiyana vashandisi. Kana mumwe wevavakidzani vako akabirwa otanga, semuenzaniso, kutumira spam kuburikidza nazvo kana kuita zvimwe zvinhu zvakaipa, kero yakajairika inogona kupedzisira yave pane akasiyana rondedzero. Muchiitiko ichi, vatengi vese vane masayiti anoshandisa IP yakafanana vachatambura. Kana muvakidzani akauya pasi pekurwiswa kweDDoS kana kugadzira mutoro wakawandisa pane zviwanikwa zvekombuta, "varidzi" vasara veseva vanotambura. Zviri nyore kuti mupi atore kugoverwa kweiyo quotas kune yega VPS; uyezve, iyo chaiyo sevha inopihwa yakaparadzana IP uye kwete hazvo imwe chete: unogona kuraira chero nhamba yavo, yekuwedzera DDoS sevhisi yekudzivirira, anti. -virus service, nezvimwewo. Panyaya yekuchengeteka uye kuvimbika, VPS yakakwirira kune yechinyakare yekutambira; iwe unongoda kugadzirisa zvirongwa zvakaiswa panguva yakakodzera.
Ndeipi sarudzo yakachipa?
Makore mashoma apfuura, mhinduro kumubvunzo uyu yakanga isina kujeka - nekukanganisa kwayo kose, kamuri mune imwe imba yeruzhinji yaive yakachipa zvakanyanya pane imwe imba. Iyo indasitiri haina kumira uye ikozvino yakawanda bhajeti VPS yakaonekwa pamusika: nesu unogona yako wega virtual server paLinux ye130 rubles pamwedzi. Paavhareji, mwedzi wekushanda kwebhajheji VPS inodhura mutengi 150 - 250 rubles; pamitengo yakadai, hapana chikonzero chekutsungirira matambudziko echinyakare kutambira, kunze kwekunge iwe uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchi . server. Uye zvakare, chaiyo yekutambira tariff zvirongwa zvinodzikamisa huwandu hwesaiti uye dhatabhesi, nepo paVPS mutengi anoganhurirwa chete nehukuru hwekuchengetedza uye komputa kugona kweseva.
Source: www.habr.com