VPS paLinux ine graphical interface: kuvhura VNC server paUbuntu 18.04

Vamwe vashandisi vanorenda VPS isingadhure neWindows kuti imhanye kure kure desktop masevhisi. Zvimwe chetezvo zvinogona kuitwa paLinux pasina kutambira yako hardware munzvimbo yedata kana kuhaya sevha yakatsaurirwa. Vamwe vanhu vanoda yakajairika graphical nharaunda yekuyedza nekusimudzira, kana desktop iri kure ine chiteshi chakakura chekushanda kubva kune nharembozha. Pane zvakawanda zvingasarudzwa zvekushandisa Remote FrameBuffer (RFB) protocol-based Virtual Network Computing (VNC) system. Muchinyorwa chino chipfupi isu tichakuudza maitiro ekuchimisa pamushini chaiwo une chero hypervisor.

Tafura yezviri mukati:

Kusarudza VNC Server
Kuiswa uye kumisikidzwa
Kutanga sevhisi kuburikidza ne systemd
Desktop Connection

Kusarudza VNC Server

Iyo VNC sevhisi inogona kuvakwa mukati meiyo virtualization system, uye iyo hypervisor ichaibatanidza nemidziyo yakateedzerwa uye hapana imwe gadziriso ichadikanwa. Iyi sarudzo inosanganisira yakakosha pamusoro uye haitsigirwe nevese vanopa - kunyangwe mune yakaderera-yakanyanya kushandisa zviwanikwa, apo panzvimbo yekutevedzera chaiyo giraidhi mudziyo, yakareruka abstraction (framebuffer) inoendeswa kumuchina chaiwo. Dzimwe nguva sevha yeVNC inosungirirwa kune inomhanya X sevha, asi nzira iyi inonyanya kukodzera kuwana muchina wenyama, uye pane chaiyo imwe inogadzira akati wandei matambudziko ehunyanzvi. Nzira iri nyore yekuisa VNC server ine yakavakirwa-mukati X server. Izvo hazvidi zvishandiso zvemuviri (vhidhiyo adapta, keyboard uye mbeva) kana yavo emulation vachishandisa hypervisor, uye saka yakakodzera chero mhando yeVPS.

Kuiswa uye kumisikidzwa

Tichada muchina chaiwo une Ubuntu Server 18.04 LTS mukugadzirisa kwayo. Kune akati wandei VNC maseva mune akajairwa repositories yekugovera uku: TightVNC, TigerVNC, x11vnc nevamwe. Isu takagara paTigerVNC - forogo yazvino yeTightVNC, iyo isingatsigirwe nemugadziri. Kumisikidza mamwe maseva kunoitwa nenzira yakafanana. Iwe zvakare unofanirwa kusarudza nharaunda yedesktop: iyo yakakwana sarudzo, mumaonero edu, ingave XFCE nekuda kwezvishoma zvinodiwa zvekombuta zviwanikwa. Vaya vanoshuvira vanogona kuisa imwe DE kana WM: zvese zvinoenderana nezvaunoda, asi sarudzo yesoftware inobata zvakananga kudiwa kwe RAM uye computing cores.

Kuisa iyo desktop nharaunda ine zvese zvinotsamira kunoitwa nemurairo unotevera:

sudo apt-get install xfce4 xfce4-goodies xorg dbus-x11 x11-xserver-utils

Zvadaro unoda kuisa VNC server:

sudo apt-get install tigervnc-standalone-server tigervnc-common

Kuimhanyisa se superuser ipfungwa yakaipa. Gadzira mushandisi neboka:

sudo adduser vnc

Ngatiwedzerei mushandisi kuboka re sudo kuti aite mabasa ane chekuita nekutonga. Kana pasina kudiwa kwakadaro, unogona kusvetuka danho iri:

sudo gpasswd -a vnc sudo

Nhanho inotevera ndeyekumhanyisa sevha yeVNC ine vnc mushandisi kodzero kugadzira password yakachengeteka uye mafaera ekugadzirisa mu ~/.vnc/ directory. Kureba kwepassword kunogona kubva pa6 kusvika ku8 mavara (mamwe mavara akagurwa). Kana zvichidikanwa, password inogadzirirwawo kutarisa chete, i.e. pasina kuwana keyboard uye mbeva. Iyo inotevera mirairo inoitwa sevnc mushandisi:

su - vnc
vncserver -localhost no

Nekumisikidza, iyo RFB protocol inoshandisa TCP chiteshi kubva pa5900 kusvika 5906 - iyi ndiyo inodaidzwa. ratidza zviteshi, imwe neimwe inoenderana neX server skrini. Muchiitiko ichi, zviteshi zvinosanganiswa nezvikirini kubva pa:0 kusvika:6. Iyo VNC server muenzaniso yatakatangisa inoteerera kuchiteshi 5901 (skrini: 1). Zvimwe zviitiko zvinogona kushanda pane mamwe madoko ane masikirini :2, :3, etc. Usati wawedzera kugadzirisa, unofanirwa kumisa server:

vncserver -kill :1

Murairo unofanirwa kuratidza chimwe chinhu chakadai: "Kuuraya Xtigervnc process ID 18105 ... kubudirira!"

Kana TigerVNC yatanga, inoshandisa ~/.vnc/xstartup script kugadzirisa zvigadziriso. Ngatigadzirei yedu script, kutanga nekuchengetedza kopi yeiyo iripo, kana iripo:

mv ~/.vnc/xstartup ~/.vnc/xstartup.b
nano ~/.vnc/xstartup

Iyo XFCE desktop nharaunda sesheni inotangwa neinotevera xstartup script:

#!/bin/bash
unset SESSION_MANAGER
unset DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS
xrdb $HOME/.Xresources
exec /usr/bin/startxfce4 &

Murairo we xrdb unodiwa kuti VNC iverenge .Xresources faira mudhairekitori rekumba. Ikoko mushandisi anogona kutsanangura akasiyana graphical desktop marongero: font rendering, terminal mavara, cursor themes, nezvimwe. Iyo script inofanira kuitwa kuti iite:

chmod 755 ~/.vnc/xstartup

Izvi zvinopedzisa VNC server setup. Kana ukaimhanyisa nemurairo vncserver -localhost no (semushandisi wevnc), unogona kubatana nepassword yakambotaurwa uye woona mufananidzo unotevera:

Kutanga sevhisi kuburikidza ne systemd

Nemaoko kutanga VNC sevha haina kukodzera kushandiswa kwehondo, saka isu tichagadzirisa sevhisi system. Iyo mirairo inoitwa semudzi (tinoshandisa sudo). Kutanga, ngatigadzirei faira nyowani yeserver yedu:

sudo nano /etc/systemd/system/[email protected]

Iyo @ chiratidzo muzita inokutendera iwe kupfuudza nharo kugadzirisa iyo sevhisi. Mune yedu kesi, inotsanangura iyo VNC yekuratidzira port. Iyo unit file ine zvikamu zvakati:

[Unit]
Description=TigerVNC server
After=syslog.target network.target

[Service]
Type=simple
User=vnc 
Group=vnc 
WorkingDirectory=/home/vnc 
PIDFile=/home/vnc/.vnc/%H:%i.pid
ExecStartPre=-/usr/bin/vncserver -kill :%i > /dev/null 2>&1
ExecStart=/usr/bin/vncserver -depth 24 -geometry 1280x960 :%i
ExecStop=/usr/bin/vncserver -kill :%i

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

Ipapo iwe unofanirwa kuzivisa systemd nezve faira nyowani uye kuimisa:

sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl enable [email protected]

Nhamba 1 muzita inotsanangura nhamba yescreen.

Misa sevha yeVNC, itange sevhisi uye tarisa chimiro:

# от имени пользователя vnc 
vncserver -kill :1

# с привилегиями суперпользователя
sudo systemctl start vncserver@1
sudo systemctl status vncserver@1

Kana sevhisi iri kushanda, tinofanira kuwana chinhu chakadai.

Desktop Connection

Kugadzirisa kwedu hakushandise encryption, saka network mapaketi anogona kubvumwa nevanorwisa. Uye zvakare, muVNC maseva kazhinji kuwana vulnerabilities, saka haufanirwe kuvhura iwo kuti uwane kubva paInternet. Kuti ubatanidze zvakachengeteka pakombuta yako yemuno, unofanirwa kurongedza traffic muSSH mugero wobva wagadzirisa mutengi weVNC. PaWindows, unogona kushandisa graphical SSH mutengi (semuenzaniso, PuTTY). Nekuchengetedza, TigerVNC paserver inongoteerera kune localhost uye haiwanikwe zvakananga kubva kune veruzhinji network:

sudo netstat -ap |more

MuLinux, FreeBSD, OS X uye mamwe maUNIX-akaita maOS, mugero kubva kumutengi komputa inogadzirwa uchishandisa ssh utility (sshd inofanirwa kunge ichimhanya paVNC server):

ssh -L 5901:127.0.0.1:5901 -C -N -l vnc vnc_server_ip

Iyo -L sarudzo inosunga chiteshi 5901 chekubatanidza kure kuchiteshi 5901 pane localhost. Iyo -C sarudzo inogonesa kudzvanya, uye iyo -N sarudzo inoudza ssh kuti usaite murairo uri kure. Iyo -l sarudzo inotsanangura kupinda kweiyo kure login.

Mushure mekugadzirisa mugero pakombuta yemuno, unofanirwa kuvhura mutengi weVNC uye womisa chinongedzo kune mugamuchiri 127.0.0.1:5901 (localhost:5901), uchishandisa password yakambotaurwa kuti uwane VNC server. Isu tinogona ikozvino kutaurirana zvakachengeteka kuburikidza neyakavharidzirwa mugero ine XFCE graphical desktop nharaunda paVPS. Mune iyo skrini, iyo yepamusoro yekushandisa iri kushanda mune terminal emulator kuratidza iyo chaiyo muchina kushandiswa kwakaderera kwemakomputa zviwanikwa. Ipapo zvese zvinoenderana nemashandisirwo emushandisi.

Iwe unogona kuisa uye kugadzirisa VNC server muLinux pane inenge chero VPS. Izvi hazvidi zvinodhura uye zvigadziriso-zvakanyanya kurongeka nevhidhiyo adapta emulation kana kutenga marezinesi esoftware software. Pamusoro peiyo sisitimu sevhisi sarudzo yatakafunga, pane zvimwe: kuvhura mu daemon modhi (via /etc/rc.local) kana system bhutsu kana painoda kuburikidza neinetd. Iyo yekupedzisira inonakidza yekugadzira akawanda-mushandisi magadzirirwo. Iyo Internet Superserver ichatanga iyo VNC server uye inobatanidza mutengi kwairi, uye VNC server ichagadzira skrini nyowani uye kutanga chikamu. Kuti utende mukati mayo, unogona kushandisa graphical kuratidza maneja (semuenzaniso, ChiedzaDM), uye mushure mekubvisa mutengi, chikamu chinovharwa uye zvirongwa zvese zvinoshanda nescreen zvichamiswa.

Source: www.habr.com