Mhoro shamwari!
Pashure pokubudiswa kwechinyorwa chacho Pakave nezvakawanda zvekutaura nezve njodzi yeLi-Ion mhinduro kune server uye data data. Naizvozvo, nhasi tichaedza kuona kuti misiyano iripi pakati pemaindasitiri lithium mhinduro yeUPS uye bhatiri mune yako gadget, maitiro ekushanda emabhatiri mukamuri yeseva anosiyana sei, nei muLi-Ion foni bhatiri rinogara kwete. anopfuura makore 2-3, uye mune data center nhamba iyi ichawedzera kusvika 10 kana kupfuura makore. Nei njodzi dzemoto welithium munzvimbo yedata / server kamuri ishoma.
Hongu, njodzi dzine mabhatiri eUPS dzinogoneka pasinei nerudzi rwechigadziro chekuchengetedza simba, asi ngano ye "moto ngozi" yezvigadzirwa zvemaindasitiri lithium haisi yechokwadi.
Pashure pezvose, vakawanda vakazviona ne lithium bhatiri mumotokari inofamba mumugwagwa mukuru? Saka, ngatione, zvione, enzanisa ...
Pano tinoona chiitiko chekusazvidzora kwekuzvipisa, kupisa kwekutiza kwebhatiri refoni, izvo zvakakonzera chiitiko chakadaro. Iwe uchati: PANO! Ingori foni, munhu anopenga chete ndiye angaisa chinhu chakadaro mukamuri yeseva!
Ndine chokwadi chokuti mushure mokudzidza chinyorwa ichi, muverengi achachinja maonero ake panyaya iyi.
Mamiriro azvino mumusika we data center
Haisi chakavanzika chokuti kuvaka nzvimbo yedata ndeyekudyara kwenguva refu. Mutengo wemidziyo yeinjiniya wega unogona kuita makumi mashanu muzana emutengo wemari yese. Nguva yekubhadhara inosvika makore 50-10. Nomuzvarirwo, pane chishuwo chekudzikisa mutengo wakazara wevaridzi mukati mehupenyu hwese kutenderera kwenzvimbo yedata, uye panguva imwechete zvakare compact engineering michina, kusunungura nzvimbo yakawanda sezvinobvira yemubhadharo.
Iyo yakakwana mhinduro ndeye iteration nyowani yeindasitiri UPS yakavakirwa paLi-Ion mabhatiri, ayo akabvisa kwenguva refu "zvirwere zvehuduku" nenzira yengozi dzemoto, zvisizvo zvekuchaja-kubvisa algorithms, uye vakawana akawanda ekudzivirira nzira.
Nekuwedzera kwehuwandu hwemakomputa uye network zvishandiso, kudiwa kweUPS kuri kukura. Panguva imwecheteyo, zvinodiwa zvehupenyu hwebhatiri zvinowedzera kana paine matambudziko nepakati pesimba rekupa uye / kana kutadza kana uchitanga backup sosi yemagetsi munyaya yekushandiswa / kuwanikwa kwedhiziri generator set.
Semaonero edu, pane zvikonzero zviviri zvikuru:
- Kukura nekukurumidza kwehuwandu hwemashoko akagadziriswa uye anofambiswa
Somuenzaniso, izvo
inoda kuchengetwa uye kugadziriswa. - Kukura kwemasimba emagetsi ekushandisa simba. Zvisinei nemaitiro akajairwa ekudzikisa simba rekushandisa kweIT midziyo, kuderedza iyo chaiyo simba rekushandisa kwezvinhu zvemagetsi.
Simba rekushandisa girafu yeimwe chete inoshanda data center
Iwo maitiro akafanana anoratidzwa ne data center musika kufanotaura munyika yedu.Zvinoenderana nenzvimbo, nhamba yese yenzvimbo dzema rack dzakaiswa mukushanda inopfuura zviuru makumi maviri. "Nhamba yenzvimbo dzema rack dzakaiswa mukushanda ne20 yakakura data center service providers muna 20 yakawedzera ne2017% uye yakasvika 3 zviuru (data kubva munaOctober 22,4, 1)," - inodaro mushumo weCNews Analytics. Maererano nemasangano ekubvunzurudza, pakazosvika 2017 nhamba yenzvimbo dzerack inotarisirwa kuwedzera kusvika ku2021 zviuru. Iko ndiko, mumakore maviri simba chairo re data data rinogona kaviri. Izvi zvakabatana nei? Chokutanga pane zvose, nekuwedzera kwehuwandu hwemashoko: zvose zvakachengetwa uye zvakagadziriswa.
Pamusoro pemakore, vatambi vanoona kuvandudzwa kwenzvimbo yedata mumatunhu semapoinzi ekukura: iwo ndiwo chete chikamu pane kuchengeterwa kwekusimudzira bhizinesi. Maererano ne IKS-Consulting, muna 2016, matunhu aitora 10% chete yezviwanikwa zvose zvinopiwa pamusika, apo guta guru uye nzvimbo yeMoscow yakatora 73% yemusika, uye St. Petersburg uye Leningrad nharaunda - 17%. Mumatunhu, kunoramba kuine kushomeka kwe data centre zviwanikwa zvine mwero wepamusoro wekutadza kushivirira.
Pakazosvika 2025, huwandu hwe data pasi rose hunotarisirwa kuwedzera kagumi kana zvichienzaniswa ne10.
Zvakadaro, yakachengeteka sei lithium kune server kana data center UPS?
Kukanganisa: mutengo wakakwira weLi-Ion mhinduro.
Mutengo wemabhatiri e-lithium-ion uchiri wakakwira kana uchienzaniswa neyakajairwa mhinduro. Zvinoenderana nekufungidzira kweSE, mutengo wekutanga wepamusoro-simba UPSs pamusoro pe100 kVA yeLi-Ion mhinduro ichave yakapetwa ka1,5, asi pakupedzisira mari inochengeterwa pavaridzi ichave 30-50%. Kana tikaenzanisa nemauto-industrial complex edzimwe nyika, heino nhau dzekutanga mu nemabhatiri eLi-Ion. Kazhinji, lithium iron phosphate mabhatiri (LFP pamufananidzo) anoshandiswa mumhinduro dzakadaro nekuda kwekuchipa kwavo uye kuchengeteka kukuru.
Chinyorwa chinotaura kuti $ 100 miriyoni yakashandiswa pamabhatiri matsva eiyo submarine, ngatiedzei kuishandura kuita mamwe maitiro ...4,2 zviuru zvematani ndiko kutamiswa kwemvura pasi pemvura yeJapan submarine. Surface displacement - 2,95 zviuru matani. Sezvo mutemo, 20-25% yehuremu hwechikepe inoumbwa nemabhatiri. Kubva pano tinotora anenge 740 matani - lead-asidhi mabhatiri. Kupfuurirazve: kuwanda kwe lithium kunenge 1/3 yeiyo lead-asidhi mabhatiri -> 246 matani e lithium. Pa70 kWh/kg yeLi-Ion tinowana ingangoita 17 MWh yesimba rebhatiri. Uye musiyano muhuwandu hwemabhatiri inenge matani 495 ... Pano isu hatifungi , iyo inoda matani 14,5 esirivha pangarava yepasi pemvura, uye inodhura neka 4 kupfuura mabhatiri e<em>lead-acid. Rega ndikuyeuchidze kuti mabhatiri eLi-Ion iye zvino ari 1,5-2 nguva inodhura kupfuura VRLA, zvichienderana nesimba rekugadzirisa.
Zvakadini nevaJapan? Vakarangarira kunonoka kuti "kurerutsa chikepe" ne 700 toni kunosanganisira shanduko mukufamba kwayo kwegungwa uye kugadzikana ... Vangangove vaifanira kuwedzera zvombo pabhodhi kuitira kuti vadzosere dhizaini uremu kugoverwa kwechikepe.
Lithium-ion mabhatiri zvakare anorema zvishoma pane lead-asidhi mabhatiri, saka iyo Soryu-kirasi yepasi pemvura dhizaini yaifanira kuvandudzwa neimwe nzira kuchengetedza ballast uye kugadzikana.
MuJapan, marudzi maviri emabhatiri e-lithium-ion akagadzirwa uye akaunzwa kumamiriro ekushanda: lithium-nickel-cobalt-aluminium-oxide (NCA) inogadzirwa neGS Yuasa uye lithium titanate (LTO) inogadzirwa neToshiba Corporation. Mauto emugungwa eJapan achashandisa mabhatiri eNCA, ukuwo Australia yakapihwa mabhatiri eLTO kuti ashandiswe paSoryu-class submarines mune ichangoburwa nyoro, sekureva kwaKobayashi.
Kuziva maitiro ekuremekedza kune kuchengetedzwa muNyika yeZuva Rinokwira, tinogona kufunga kuti nyaya dzekuchengetedza lithium dzakagadziriswa, dzakaedzwa uye dzakasimbiswa.
Njodzi: njodzi yemoto.
Apa ndipo patichaona chinangwa chekuburitswa, sezvo paine maonero anopokana nezvekuchengetedzwa kwemhinduro idzi. Asi izvi zvese rhetoric, asi ko nezve chaiyo maindasitiri mhinduro?
Isu takambokurukura nyaya dzekuchengetedza mukati medu , asi ngatirambei pamusoro penyaya iyi zvakare. Ngatitendeukire kune iyo nhamba, iyo yakaongorora mwero wekudzivirira wemodule uye LMO/NMC sero rebhatiri rakagadzirwa neSamsung SDI uye rakashandiswa sechikamu cheSchneider Electric UPS.
Maitiro emakemikari akakurukurwa munyaya yemushandisi . Ngatiedzei kunzwisisa njodzi dzinogona kuitika mune yedu chaiyo uye tizvienzanise neakawanda-level dziviriro muSamsung SDI maseru, ayo ari chikamu chakakosha cheyakagadzirirwa-yakagadzirwa Type G Li-Ion rack sechikamu chemhinduro yakazara yakavakirwa paGalaxy VM. .
Ngatitangei neyakajairwa nyaya inoyerera yenjodzi uye zvinokonzeresa moto mune lithium-ion cell.
Pasi pemuparadzi iwe unogona kudzidza iyo theoretical nyaya dzemoto njodzi yelithium-ion mabhatiri uye iyo fizikisi yemaitiro.Yekutanga block dhizaini yenjodzi uye zvikonzero zvemoto (Safety Hazard) ye lithium-ion cell kubva 2018 yegore.
Sezvo zvichienderana nekemikari chimiro che lithium-ion cell pane kusiyana kwehutsika hunopisa hwesero, pano tichatarisa pane nzira inotsanangurwa munyaya iri mu lithiamu-nickel-cobalt-aluminium cell (yakabva paLiNiCoAIO2) kana NCA.
Maitiro ekugadzira tsaona muchitokisi anogona kukamurwa kuita matanho matatu:
- danho 1 (Kutanga). Normal kushanda sero kana tembiricha kuwedzera gradient hakupfuuri 0,2 madhigirii paminiti, uye sero tembiricha pachayo haipfuuri 130-200 madhigirii Celsius, zvichienderana kemikari chimiro sero;
- danho rechipiri, kudziya (Acceleration). Panguva ino, tembiricha inokwira, tembiricha yekushisa inokurumidza kuwedzera, uye simba rekupisa rinoburitswa. Kazhinji, nzira iyi inofambidzana nekusunungurwa kwemagasi. Yakawandisa gasi shanduko inofanira kubhadharwa nekushanda kwevhavhavhavhavha;
- danho rechitatu, kupisa kwekupisa (Runaway). Bhatiri kupisa pamusoro pe3-180 madhigirii. Muchiitiko ichi, iyo cathode zvinhu inopinda mune disproportionation reaction uye inoburitsa oxygen. Iyi ndiyo chiyero chekupisa kwekupisa, sezvo munyaya iyi musanganiswa wemagasi anopisa neokisijeni inogona kuitika, iyo inokonzera kupisa kwega. Zvisinei, iyi nzira mune dzimwe nguva inogona kudzorwa, kuverenga - apo hurumende yekunze kwezvinhu zvinoshanduka, kupisa kwemhepo kune dzimwe nguva kunomira pasina migumisiro inouraya kune nzvimbo yakapoteredza. Kushanda uye kuita kweiyo lithium cell pachayo mushure mezviitiko izvi haina kutariswa.
Kupisa kwekushisa kunotiza kunoenderana nehukuru hwesero, dhizaini yesero, uye zvinhu. Iyo tembiricha yekupisa inogona kusiyana kubva pa130 kusvika ku200 degrees Celsius. Iyo yekupisa yekumhanya nguva inogona kusiyana uye kubva pamaminetsi, maawa kana kunyange mazuva ...
Zvakadini neLMO/NMC mhando masero mu lithium-ion UPSs?
-Kudzivirira kusangana kweanode ne electrolyte, ceramic layer inoshandiswa sechikamu chesero (SFL). Kufamba kwe lithium ions kwakavharwa pa130 degrees Celsius.
- Pamusoro pevhavha yekudzivirira yekudzivirira, iyo Over Charge Device (OSD) yekudzivirira system inoshandiswa, iyo inoshanda pamwe chete neiyo fuse yemukati uye inodzima sero yakakuvadzwa, ichidzivirira kupisa kwekumhanya kwekusvika kune njodzi. Uyezve, iyo yemukati OSD sisitimu inokonzeresa kare, kana kumanikidza kunosvika 3,5 kgf/cm2, kureva, hafu yakaderera pane yekupindura kumanikidza kwevhavhavhavha yesero.
Nenzira, sero fuse ichashanda pamhepo inopfuura 2500 A pasina kupfuura 2 seconds. Ngatifungei kuti tembiricha gradient inosvika kuverenga kwe10 degrees C/min. Mumasekondi gumi, sero richava nenguva yekuwedzera anenge 10 madhigirii kune tembiricha yaro ichiri mu overclocking mode.
-A matatu-layer separator muchitokisi mune recharge modhi inovhara shanduko yelithium ions kune anode yesero. Kuvhara tembiricha ndeye 250 degrees Celsius.
Zvino ngationei zvatinazvo netembiricha yesero; Ngatienzanisei pamatanho kuti ndeapi matanho akasiyana edziviriro anokonzereswa padanho resero.
β OSD system - 3,5+-0,1 kgf/cm2 <= kumanikidzwa kwekunze
Kuwedzera kudzivirira kubva kune overcurrents.
- vharafu yekuchengetedza 7,0 + -1,0 kgf / cm2 <= kunze kudzvinyirira
- fuse mukati mesero 2 masekondi pa2500A (pamusoro pezvino maitiro)
Njodzi yekupisa kwekutiza kwesero zvakananga zvinoenderana nedhigirii / nhanho yekuchaja yesero, zvimwe zvakawanda pano ...Ngatitarisei mhedzisiro yeiyo cell charge level mumamiriro ezvinhu enjodzi dzekupisa kwekupisa. Ngatitarisei tafura yetsamba pakati pekupisa kwesero uye iyo SOC parameter (State of Charge, degree rechaji yebhatiri).
Chiyero chekuchaja bhatiri chinoyerwa sechikamu uye chinoratidza kuti yakawanda sei yechaji ichiri yakachengetwa mubhatiri. Muchiitiko ichi, isu tiri kufunga nezve bhatiri recharging mode. Zvinogona kugumiswa kuti zvichienderana nekemikari yelithium cell, bhatiri rinogona kuzvibata zvakasiyana kana rakawandisa uye riine maitiro akasiyana ekupisa kupisa. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nehukuru hwakasiyana (A * h / giramu) yemhando dzakasiyana dzeLi-Ion masero. Iyo yakakura iyo chaiyo kugona kwesero, iyo inokurumidza kukurumidza kupisa kuburitswa panguva yekuchaja.
Pamusoro pezvo, pa100% SOC, yekunze pfupi dunhu kazhinji inokonzeresa kutiza kwesero. Kune rimwe divi, kana sero riri pa80% SOC, iyo yakanyanya kupisa yekupisa tembiricha yesero inoshanduka ichikwira. Sero rinowedzera kushingirira kumamiriro ekukurumidzira.
Chekupedzisira, ye70% SOC, ekunze mapfupi maseketi anogona kusakonzeresa kutiza kwekupisa zvachose. Ndiko kuti, njodzi yekupisa kwesero yakanyanya kuderedzwa, uye iyo inonyanya kuitika ndeyekushanda kwevhavha yekuchengetedza ye lithium bhatiri.
Uye zvakare, kubva patafura tinogona kugumisa kuti LFP (yepepuru curve) yebhatiri kazhinji ine tembiricha inokwira, ndiko kuti, nhanho ye "kudziya-up" inoshanduka zvakanaka kupinda muchikamu che "thermal runaway", uye kugadzikana kwe. iyi sisitimu yekuchajisa yakawedzera kuipa. Mabhatiri eLMO, sezvatinoona, ane hunyoro hwekudziya hunhu kana uchichaja.
ZVINOKOSHA: Kana iyo OSD system ikamutswa, sero rinogadzikiswa kuti ripfuure. Nekudaro, iyo voltage pane rack yakaderedzwa, asi inoramba ichishanda uye inopa chiratidzo kune UPS yekutarisa system kuburikidza neBMS system yeraki pachayo. Kana iri yekirasi yeUPS system ine mabhatiri eVRLA, kutenderera kupfupi kana kutyora mukati mebhatiri rimwe mutambo kunogona kutungamirira kukundikana kweUPS yose uye kurasikirwa kwekushanda kweTI midziyo.
Kubva pane zviri pamusoro, kune nyaya yekushandisa lithium mhinduro muUPS, njodzi dzinotevera dzinoramba dzakakosha:
- Thermal runaway ye sero kana module semugumisiro wekunze kupfupi wedunhu - akati wandei mazinga ekudzivirira.
- Thermal runaway ye sero kana module semhedzisiro yemukati bhatiri kusashanda - akati wandei mazinga ekudzivirira pasero kana module level.
- Overcharge - Kudzivirirwa neBMS pamwe nematanho ese ekudzivirira ereki, module, sero.
- Mechanical kukuvadzwa hakukodzeri nyaya yedu, njodzi yechiitiko haina basa.
- Kupisa kweiyo rack uye ese mabhatiri (modules, masero). Uncritical kusvika 70-90 madhigirii. Kana tembiricha iri mukamuri yekuisa yeUPS ichikwira pamusoro pezvinokosha izvi, zvinoreva kuti pane moto muchivako. Pasi pezvakajairwa data centre inoshanda mamiriro, njodzi yechiitiko haina basa.
- Hupenyu hwebhatiri hwakaderedzwa patembiricha yakakwira yekamuri - kushanda kwenguva refu pakudziya kusvika ku40 madhigirii kunobvumidzwa pasina kuderera kunoonekwa kwehupenyu hwebhatiri. Mabhatiri emutobvu anonzwisisa zvakanyanya kune chero kuwedzera kwekushisa uye kuderedza hupenyu hwavo hwasara maererano nekuwedzera kwekushisa.
Ngatitarisei kuyerera kwenjodzi yetsaona ine lithium-ion mabhatiri munzvimbo yedu yedata, server kamuri yekushandisa kesi. Ngatiite nyore dhayagiramu zvishoma, nekuti lithium UPSs ichashandiswa mumamiriro ezvinhu akanaka, kana tikaenzanisa mamiriro ekushanda emabhatiri mune yako gadget, foni.
mhedziso: Specialized lithium mabhatiri enzvimbo yedata uye server room UPSs ane mwero wakakwana wedziviriro kubva kumamiriro ekukurumidzira, uye mune yakazara mhinduro, nhamba huru yemadhigirii ekudzivirira kwakasiyana uye anopfuura makore mashanu eruzivo mukushandisa mhinduro idzi dzinotibvumira kutaura nezvazvo. mwero wepamusoro wekuchengetedza matekinoroji matsva. Pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, hatifanire kukanganwa kuti kushanda kwemabhatiri e-lithium munharaunda yedu kunoratidzika se "greenhouse" mamiriro eLi-Ion tekinoroji: kusiyana ne smartphone yako muhomwe yako, hapana anodonhedza bhatiri munzvimbo yedata, kupisa, kuburitsa. zuva rega rega, shingaira shandisa mu buffer mode.
Iwe unogona kuwana rumwe ruzivo uye kukurukura imwe mhinduro uchishandisa lithium-ion mabhatiri ekamuri yako sevha kana data data nekutumira chikumbiro neemail. , kana nekuita chikumbiro pawebhusaiti yekambani .
Vhura TECHNOLOGIES - yakavimbika yakazara mhinduro kubva kuvatungamiriri venyika, yakagadziridzwa zvakananga kune zvinangwa zvako uye zvinangwa.
Author: Kulikov Oleg
Inotungamira Dhizaini Injiniya
Kubatanidza Solutions Dhipatimendi
Open Technologies Company
Vashandisi vakanyoresa chete ndivo vanogona kutora chikamu muongororo. , Munogamuchirwa.
Ndeapi maonero ako pamusoro pekuchengetedza uye kushanda kwezvigadziriso zvemaindasitiri zvakavakirwa paLi-Ion tekinoroji?
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16,2%Njodzi, kuzvipisa, pasina mamiriro ezvinhu handaizoiisa muimba yangu yepaseva.11
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10,3%Ini handisi kufarira izvi, saka isu nguva nenguva tinochinja mabhatiri emhando, uye zvese zviri OK.7
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16,2%Tinofanira kufunga pamusoro pekuti zvingave zvakachengeteka here uye zvinovimbisa.11
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23,5%Sezvineiwo, ndichatarisa zvingangoitika.16
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13,2%Kufarira! Chengetedza kamwechete - uye usatya kukwidibira iyo data data yese nekuda kwekutadza kweimwe lead bhatiri.9
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20,6%Inonakidza! Zvakanakira zvinodarika zvipingamupinyi uye njodzi.14
68 vashandisi vakavhota. 25 vashandisi vakaramba.
Source: www.habr.com