Isu tinoenderera mberi nekurangarira nhoroondo yekuvandudzwa kwechimwe chezvakakosha zvigadzirwa munyika yakavhurika sosi. Muchinyorwa chekupedzisira isu nezve budiriro yakatangira kuuya kweLinux, uye yakataura nyaya yekuzvarwa kweyekutanga vhezheni yekernel. Panguva ino tichatarisa panguva yekutengeserana kweiyi OS yakavhurika, yakatanga muma90s.
/flickr/ / / Mufananidzo wakagadziridzwa
Kuberekwa kwezvigadzirwa zvekutengesa
Nguva yekupedzisira takagara paSUSE, yaive yekutanga kutengesa Linux-based OS muna 1992. Yakatanga kuburitsa zvigadzirwa zvevatengi vebhizinesi zvichibva pane yakakurumbira Slackware kugovera. Nekudaro, iyo kambani yakaratidza kuti yakavhurika sosi budiriro inogona kuitwa kwete yekunakidzwa chete, asiwo purofiti.
Mumwe wevakatanga kutevera maitiro aya aive muzvinabhizimisi Bob Young (Bob Young) uye muvandudzi Marc Ewing (Marc Ewing) anobva kuUnited States. Muna 1993 Bob kambani inonzi ACC Corporation ndokutanga kutengesa zvigadzirwa zvichibva pane yakavhurika sosi software. Kana ari Mako, mukutanga 90s aingoshanda pakugovera kutsva kweLinux. Ewing akatumidza chirongwa cheRed Hat Linux mushure meheti tsvuku yaaipfeka paaishanda palabhu yemakombuta paCarnegie Mellon University. Distribution Beta zhizha 1994 zvichibva paLinux kernel 1.1.18.
Kuburitswa kunotevera kweRed Hat Linux munaOctober uye yakanzi - Halloween. Yakasiyana nekutanga beta pamberi pezvinyorwa uye kukwanisa kusarudza pakati pezvinyorwa zviviri zvekernel - 1.0.9 uye 1.1.54. Mushure meizvozvo, zvigadziriso zvakaburitswa ingangoita mwedzi mitanhatu yega yega. Nharaunda yebudiriro yakagamuchira zvakanaka kune iyi purogiramu yekuvandudza uye nemoyo unoda kutora chikamu mukuyedzwa kwayo.
Ehe, kufarirwa kwehurongwa hakuna kupfuura naBob Young, uyo akakurumidza kuwedzera chigadzirwa kubhuku rake. Floppy disks uye madhisiki ane mavhezheni ekutanga eRed Hat Linux anotengeswa semakeke anopisa. Mushure mekubudirira kwakadaro, muzvinabhizimisi akasarudza kuziva Mark pachake.
Musangano pakati peYoung naEwing wakakonzera kubuda kweRed Hat muna 1995. Bob akatumidzwa kuti CEO wayo. Makore ekutanga ekuvapo kwekambani iyi aive akaoma. Kuti bhizinesi rirambe richienderera mberi, Bob aifanira kudaro mari kubva kumakadhi echikwereti. Pane imwe nguva, chikwereti chose chakasvika madhora zviuru 50. Zvisinei, yekutanga kusunungurwa kweRed Hat Linux pa 1.2.8 kernel yakagadzirisa mamiriro acho ezvinhu. Purofiti yacho yaive yakakura, izvo zvakabvumira Bob kubhadhara mabhangi.
Nenzira, ndiyo nguva iyo nyika yakaona inozivikanwa zvikuru , uyo akabata bhegi muruoko rumwe, uye akabata ngowani yake tsvuku norumwe.
Pakazosvika 1998, kugoverwa kweRed Hat kwaive kuunza mari inodarika madhora mashanu emadhora pagore rekutengesa. Nhamba yacho yakawedzera zvakapetwa gore rakatevera, uye IPO pa mabhiriyoni akawanda emadhora.
Kubudirira kwekusimudzira kwechikamu chekambani
Pakati pe-90s, apo Red Hat Linux kugoverwa niche yayo mumusika, kambani yaivimba nekuvandudzwa kwebasa. Developers shanduro yekutengeserana yeOS iyo yaisanganisira zvinyorwa, mamwe maturusi, uye nzira yekuisa iri nyore. Kwapera chinguva, muna 1997, kambani avo. rutsigiro kune vatengi.
Muna 1998, pamwe chete neRed Hat, kuvandudzwa kweLinux corporate segment kwaive kwatove Oracle, Informix, Netscape uye Core. Mugore rimwe chetero, IBM yakatora danho rayo rekutanga kune yakavhurika sosi mhinduro - mubatanidzwa WebSphere yakavakirwa pane yakavhurika sosi Apache web server.
Glyn Moody, munyori wemabhuku paLinux naLinus Torvalds, kuti panguva ino iyo IBM yakatanga nzira iyo, makore makumi maviri gare gare, yakatungamirira kutenga Red Hat yemadhora mabhiriyoni 20. Zvisinei, kubvira ipapo, IBM yave ichiwedzera kuswedera pedyo neLinux ecosystem uye Red Hat kunyanya. Muna 34, kambani kuedza kushanda paIBM bhizinesi masisitimu yakavakirwa paRed Hat Linux.
Kwapera gore, Red Hat uye IBM vakasvika pachibvumirano chitsva - ivo kusimudzira nekushandisa mhinduro dzeLinux dzemakambani ese ari mumabhizinesi pasi rese. Chibvumirano ichi chakafukidza IBM zvigadzirwa zvakaita seDB2, WebSphere Application Server, Lotus Domino, uye IBM Diki Bhizinesi Pack. Muna 2000 IBM ese masevha mapuratifomu pasi peLinux. Panguva iyoyo, mapurojekiti akati wandei ekambani aitoshanda pahwaro hweiyi sisitimu yekushandisa. Pakati pavo paiva, semuenzaniso, supercomputer paYunivhesiti yeNew Mexico.
Pamusoro peIBM, Dell akatanga kushanda pamwe neRed Hat mumakore iwayo. Zvikuru nekuda kweizvi, muna 1999 kambani sevha yekutanga ine pre-yakaiswa Linux OS. Mukupera kwema90 uye kutanga kwema2000, Red Hat yakapinda muzvibvumirano nemamwe makambani - neHP, SAP, Compaq. Zvese izvi zvakabatsira Red Hat kuwana tsoka muchikamu chebhizinesi.
Iyo shanduko munhoroondo yeRed Hat Linux yaive 2002-2003, apo kambani yakatumidza chigadzirwa chayo chikuru Red Hat Enterprise Linux uye yakasiya zvachose kugovera kwemahara kwekugovera kwayo. Kubva ipapo, yakapedzisira yatarisa pachikamu chekambani uye, neimwe nzira, yave mutungamiri wayo - ikozvino makambani. chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chesevha yese musika.
Asi nezvose izvi, Red Hat haina kufuratira software yemahara. Mutsivi wekambani munzvimbo iyi yaive yekugovera Fedora, iyo yekutanga vhezheni (yakabudiswa muna 2003) zvichibva pa2.4.22 Red Hat Linux kernel. Nhasi, Red Hat inotsigira zvakasimba kuvandudzwa kweFedora uye inoshandisa basa rechikwata muzvigadzirwa zvavo.
/flickr/ /
Kutanga kwemakwikwi
Hafu yekutanga yechinyorwa ichi inenge yakazara nezve Red Hat. Asi izvi hazvireve kuti zvimwe zviitiko muLinux ecosystem hazvina kuoneka mumakore gumi ekutanga eOS. Red Hat yakanyanya kurongedza vector yekuvandudza kweiyo inoshanda sisitimu uye kugovera kwakawanda, asi kunyangwe muchikamu chekambani, kambani yanga isiri yega mutambi.
Mukuwedzera kwaari, SUSE, TurboLinux, Caldera nevamwe vakashanda pano, avo vakanga vakakurumbira uye "vakakurira" nenharaunda yakatendeka. Uye zviitiko zvakadaro hazvina kucherechedzwa nevakwikwidzi, kunyanya, Microsoft.
Muna 1998, Bill Gates akataura achiedza kudzikisira Linux. Somuenzaniso, iye kuti "akanga asati ambonzwa kubva kune vatengi nezvemaitiro akadaro ekushanda."
Nekudaro, mugore rimwe chete, mumushumo wepagore weUS Securities and Exchange Commission, Microsoft Linux ndeimwe yevanokwikwidza. Panguva imwe chete, pakaita kubuda kweyainzi -Manotsi kubva kumushandi weMicrosoft achiongorora njodzi dzemakwikwi dzinounzwa neLinux uye yakavhurika sosi software.
Kusimbisa kutya kwese kweMicrosoft muna 1999, mazana evashandisi veLinux kubva pasirese muzuva rimwe chete. kumahofisi emakambani. Vaida kudzosera mari yeWindows system yakafanoiswa pamakomputa avo sechikamu chemushandirapamwe wepasi rose - Windows Refund Day. Saka, vashandisi vakaratidza kusagutsikana kwavo nekutonga kweOS kubva kuMicrosoft mumusika wePC.
Iko kusawirirana kusingataurwe pakati peiyo IT hofori nenharaunda yeLinux yakaramba ichikwira mukutanga kwe2000s. Panguva iyoyo Linux inopfuura chikamu chechina chemusika we server uye yakaramba ichiwedzera chikamu chayo. Tichipesana nemashure emishumo iyi, Microsoft CEO Steve Ballmer akamanikidzwa kuziva pachena Linux semukwikwidzi mukuru mumusika weseva. Panenge panguva imwe cheteyo iye vhura OS "cancer" yehungwaru pfuma uye yakanyatso pikisa chero budiriro ine rezinesi reGPL.
Isu tiri yakaunganidza OS statistics yeanoshanda maseva evatengi vedu.
Kana tikataura nezvekugovera kwega, Ubuntu inoramba ichinyanya kufarirwa pakati pevatengi ve1cloud pa45%, ichiteverwa neCentOS (28%) uye padyo kuseri kweDebian (26%).
Imwe pamberi pekurwa kweMicrosoft nenharaunda yekuvandudza kwaive kuburitswa kweLindows OS yakavakirwa paLinux kernel, zita rayo rakakopa Windows. Muna 2001 Microsoft USA ichipokana nekambani yeOS, ichida shanduko yezita. Mukupindura, akaedza kukanganisa kodzero yeMicrosoft kune rimwe remazwi echiRungu uye anobva mairi. Makore maviri gare gare, gakava iri rakakundwa nekambani - zita rokuti LindowsOS paLinspire. Nekudaro, vagadziri veiyo yakavhurika OS vakaita sarudzo iyi nekuzvidira kuti vadzivise zvirevo kubva kuMicrosoft kune dzimwe nyika uko system yavo yekushandisa inogoverwa.
Zvakadini neLinux kernel?
Pasinei nekupokana kwese kwemakambani uye kutaura kwakakasharara nezve software yemahara kubva kune vanotungamira mamaneja emakambani makuru, nharaunda yeLinux yakaramba ichikura. Vagadziri vanga vachishanda pane nyowani yakavhurika sosi kugovera uye kugadzirisa kernel. Nekuda kwekupararira kweInternet, zvave nyore kuita izvi. Muna 1994, vhezheni 1.0.0 yeLinux kernel yakaburitswa, yakateverwa makore maviri gare gare nevhezheni 2.0. Nekuburitswa kwega kwega, iyo OS yakatsigira huwandu huri kuwedzera hwema processor uye mainframes.
Pakati pe-90s, Linux, yatove yakakurumbira pakati pevagadziri, yakagadziridzwa kwete chete sechigadzirwa chetekinoroji, asiwo sechiratidzo. Muna 1995 yekutanga Linux Expo uye musangano kuratidza vatauri vanozivikanwa munharaunda, kusanganisira Mark Ewing. Makore mashomanana gare gare, Expo yave imwe yezviitiko zvikuru munyika yeLinux.
Muna 1996, nyika yakatanga kuona chiratidzo nepenguin yakakurumbira , iyo ichiri kuperekedza Linux zvigadzirwa kusvika nhasi. Yake programmer uye mugadziri Larry Ewing (Larry Ewing) zvichibva pane nyaya dze "fierce penguin" uyo akamborwisa Linus Torvalds ndokumutapurira chirwere chinonzi penguinitis.
Mukupera kwema90s, chimwe mushure mechimwe, zvigadzirwa zviviri zvakakosha munhoroondo yeLinux zvakaburitswa - GNOME uye KDE. Nekuda kwezvishandiso izvi, Unix masisitimu, kusanganisira Linux, akagamuchira zviri nyore muchinjika-chikuva graphical interfaces. Kuburitswa kwezvishandiso izvi kunogona kunzi imwe yematanho ekutanga akananga kumusika mukuru. Tichataura zvakawanda nezve iyi nhanho yeLinux nhoroondo muchikamu chinotevera.
Mune 1cloud corporate blog:
Source: www.habr.com