Kudzvanya Windows Server pane yakaderera-simba VPS uchishandisa Windows Server Core

Nekuda kwekudyisa kweWindows masisitimu, nharaunda yeVPS inotongwa neakareruka Linux kugovera: Mint, Colibri OS, Debian kana Ubuntu, isina inorema desktop nharaunda iyo isingakoshe pazvinangwa zvedu. Sezvavanotaura, chete kunyaradza, chete hardcore! Uye kutaura zvazviri, uku hakusi kuwedzeredza zvachose: imwechete Debian inotanga pa256 MB yekuyeuka uye imwe musimboti ine 1 Ghz wachi, ndiko kuti, pane chero "chitsiga". Kuti uite basa rakagadzikana iwe unozoda inokwana 512 MB uye zvishoma inokurumidza processor. Asi ko kana tikakuudza kuti iwe unogona kuita zvakangofanana paVPS inomhanya Windows? Sei usingade kuburitsa inorema Windows Server, inoda mahekita matatu kusvika mana eRAM uye angangoita mashoma macores akavharwa pa1,4 GHz? Ingoshandisa Windows Server Core - bvisa iyo GUI uye mamwe masevhisi. Tichataura pamusoro pekuita izvi munyaya yacho.

Ndiani uyu Windows Server Core?

Iko hakuna ruzivo rwakajeka nezve Windows (server) Core iri pawebhusaiti yepamutemo yeMikes, kana kuti, zvese zviri kuvhiringa ipapo zvekuti hauzo nzwisisa nekukasika, asi kutaurwa kwekutanga kunodzokera kunguva yeWindows Server 2008. Chaizvoizvo, Windows Core inoshanda Windows kernel Server (kamwe kamwe!), "yakatetepa" nehukuru hweiyo GUI yayo uye inenge hafu yemasevhisi epadivi.

Chinhu chikuru cheWindows Core ndeye undemanding hardware uye yakazara console control kuburikidza nePowerShell.

Kana iwe ukaenda kuwebhusaiti yeMicrosoft uye wotarisa zvinodiwa zvehunyanzvi, wobva watanga Windows Server 2016/2019 iwe uchada angangoita maviri magigi e RAM uye inokwana imwe core ine wachi yekumhanya ye2 GHz. Asi isu tese tinonzwisisa kuti nekumisikidzwa kwakadaro tinogona kungotarisira kuti sisitimu itange, asi kwete kushanda zvakanaka kweOS yedu. Imhaka yechikonzero ichi kuti Windows Server inowanzo kupihwa imwe ndangariro uye ingangoita 1,4 cores/2 shinda kubva kune processor, kana vasingaipe nemuchina unodhura wemuviri pane imwe Xeon, panzvimbo yemuchina wakachipa chaiwo.

Panguva imwecheteyo, musimboti wesevha system pachayo inoda chete 512 MB yekuyeuka, uye izvo zviwanikwa zve processor zvakadyiwa neGUI kungodhonzwa pachiratidziri uye kuchengetedza akawanda masevhisi achimhanya anogona kushandiswa kune chimwe chinhu chinobatsira.

Heino kuenzanisa kweWindows Core masevhisi anotsigirwa kunze kwebhokisi uye yakazara Windows Server kubva kune yepamutemo Microsoft webhusaiti:

kunyoresa
server musimboti
server nedesktop chiitiko

Raira kukurumidza
zviripo
zviripo

Windows PowerShell/Microsoft .NET
zviripo
zviripo

Perfmon.exe
kwete
zviripo

Windbg (GUI)
akatsigira
zviripo

Resmon.exe
kwete
zviripo

Regedit
zviripo
zviripo

Fsutil.exe
zviripo
zviripo

Disksnapshot.exe
kwete
zviripo

Diskpart.exe
zviripo
zviripo

Diskmgmt. msc
kwete
zviripo

devmgmt.msc
kwete
zviripo

Server Manager
kwete
zviripo

mmc.exe
kwete
zviripo

Eventwr
kwete
zviripo

Wevtutil (Mibvunzo yeChiitiko)
zviripo
zviripo

Services.msc
kwete
zviripo

Control Panel
kwete
zviripo

Windows Update (GUI)
kwete
zviripo

Windows Explorer
kwete
zviripo

Taskbar
kwete
zviripo

Taskbar zviziviso
kwete
zviripo

taskmgr
zviripo
zviripo

Internet Explorer kana Edge
kwete
zviripo

Yakavakirwa-mukati rubatsiro system
kwete
zviripo

Windows 10 Shell
kwete
zviripo

Windows media player
kwete
zviripo

PowerShell
zviripo
zviripo

PowerShell ISE
kwete
zviripo

PowerShell IME
zviripo
zviripo

Mstsc.exe
kwete
zviripo

Remote Desktop Services
zviripo
zviripo

Hyper-V Maneja
kwete
zviripo

Sezvauri kuona, zvakawanda zvakatemwa kubva kuWindows Core. Iwo masevhisi uye maitiro ane hukama neGUI yehurongwa, pamwe nechero "marara" ayo asinganyatso kudiwa pamushini wedu wekoni, semuenzaniso, Windows Media Player, yakaenda pasi pebanga.

Zvinenge seLinux, asi kwete

Ini ndinoda chaizvo kuenzanisa Windows Server Core neLinux kugoverwa, asi kutaura zvazviri izvi hazvina kukwana. Hongu, masisitimu aya akafanana kune mumwe nemumwe maererano nekuderedzwa kwekushandisa kwekushandisa nekuda kwekusiiwa kweGUI uye akawanda masevhisi eparutivi, asi maererano nekushanda uye dzimwe nzira dzekuungana, iyi ichiri Windows, uye kwete Unix system.

Muenzaniso wakapfava ndewekuti nekuvaka nemaoko Linux kernel uye nekuisa mapakeji nemasevhisi, kunyangwe kugoverwa kweLinux kwakareruka kunogona kushandurwa kuita chimwe chinhu chinorema uye chakafanana neSwiss Army banga (pano ini ndinoda chaizvo kuita accordion joke nezvePython. uye isa mufananidzo kubva munhevedzano "Dai Programming Mitauro Yaive Zvombo", asi isu hatidi). MuWindows Core kune rusununguko rwakadaro rushoma, nekuti isu, shure kwezvose, tiri kubata nechigadzirwa cheMicrosoft.

Windows Server Core inouya yakagadzirira-yakagadzirwa, iyo yekumisikidza iyo inogona kufungidzirwa kubva patafura iri pamusoro. Kana iwe uchida chimwe chinhu kubva pane isina kutsigirwa runyorwa, iwe uchafanirwa kuwedzera izvo zvisipo online kuburikidza nekoni. Chokwadi, haufanirwe kukanganwa nezve Feature pane inodiwa uye kugona kurodha zvinhu seCAB mafaera, ayo anogona kuzowedzerwa kugungano isati yaiswa. Asi iyi script haishande kana iwe watoona panguva yekuita kuti urikupotsa chero masevhisi ekucheka.

Asi chinosiyanisa iyo Core vhezheni kubva kuzere vhezheni kugona kugadzirisa sisitimu uye kuwedzera masevhisi pasina kumisa basa. Windows Core inotsigira kupisa kutenderera kwemapakeji, pasina kutangazve. Nekuda kweizvozvo, zvichibva pakuona kunoshanda: muchina unoshanda Windows Core unoda kudzoserwa ~ ka6 kashoma pane imwe inomhanya Windows Server, ndiko kuti, kamwe chete pamwedzi mitanhatu, uye kwete kamwe chete pamwedzi.

Bhonasi inonakidza yevatariri ndeyekuti kana iyo sisitimu ikashandiswa sezvakarongwa - kuburikidza nekoni, isina RDP - uye isina kushandurwa kuita yechipiri Windows Server, ipapo inova yakachengeteka zvakanyanya kana ichienzaniswa neiyo yakazara vhezheni. Mushure mezvose, ruzhinji rweWindows Server kusadzivirirwa kunokonzerwa neRDP uye zviito zvemushandisi uyo, kuburikidza neiyi RDP chaiyo, anoita chimwe chinhu chisingafanirwe kuitwa. Zvakafanana nenyaya yaHenry Ford uye maitiro ake kune ruvara rwemotokari: "Chero mutengi anogona kuve nemota yakapendwa chero ruvara rwaanoda chero ruchingodaro. nhema" Zvakafanana nehurongwa: mushandisi anogona kutaurirana nehurongwa chero nzira, chinhu chikuru ndechekuti anozviita kuburikidza. kunyaradza.

Isa uye maneja Windows Server 2019 Core

Takambotaura kuti Windows Core inonyanya Windows Server isina GUI wrapper. Ndokunge, iwe unogona kushandisa chero chero vhezheni yeWindows Server seyakakosha vhezheni, kureva, kusiya iyo GUI. Zvezvigadzirwa zviri muWindows Server 2019 mhuri, iyi ndeye 3 kunze kwe4 server inovaka: yakakosha modhi inowanikwa yeWindows Server 2019 Standard Edition, Windows Server 2019 Datacenter uye Hyper-V Server 2019, kureva, Windows Server 2019 Essentials chete haina kubatanidzwa. kubva pane iyi runyorwa.

Mune ino kesi, haufanirwe chaizvo kutsvaga iyo Windows Server Core yekuisa package. Mune yakajairwa Microsoft simisi, iyo yakakosha vhezheni inopihwa chaiyo nekumisikidza, nepo GUI vhezheni inofanirwa kusarudzwa nemaoko:

Muchokwadi, kune dzimwe sarudzo dzekugadzirisa sisitimu kupfuura iyo yakataurwa PowerShell, iyo inopihwa nemugadziri nekutadza. Unogona kubata muchina chaiwo paWindows Server Core nenzira dzinosvika shanu dzakasiyana:

• Remote PowerShell;
• Remote Server Administration Zvishandiso (RSAT);
• Windows Admin Center;
• Sconfig;
• ServerManager.

Nzvimbo nhatu dzekutanga dzinonyanya kufarira: yakajairwa PowerShell, RSAT uye Windows Admin Center. Nekudaro, zvakakosha kuti tinzwisise kuti kunyangwe isu tichigamuchira mabhenefiti echimwe chezvishandiso, isu tinogashirawo miganhu yainoisa.

Hatisi kuzotsanangura kugona kweiyo console; PowerShell iPowerShell, iine zvayakanakira nezvayakaipira. NeRSAT uye WAC zvese zvakatonyanya kuoma. 

WAC inokupa iwe kupinda kune akakosha masisitimu ekutonga senge kugadzirisa registry uye kutonga disks nemidziyo. RSAT mune yekutanga kesi inongoshanda mukuona maitiro uye haizokubvumiri iwe kuti uite chero shanduko, uye kubata dhisiki nemidziyo yemuviri Remote Server Administration Zvishandiso zvinoda GUI, izvo zvisiri izvo kwatiri. Kazhinji, RSAT haigone kushanda nemafaira uye, saizvozvo, zvigadziriso, kuiswa / kubviswa kwezvirongwa mukugadzirisa registry.

▍System management

 

WAC
RSAT

Component Management
kuti
kuti

Registry mupepeti
kuti
kwete

Network manejimendi
kuti
kuti

Chiitiko Viewer
kuti
kuti

Mafolda akagoverwa
kuti
kuti

Disk management
kuti
Chete maseva ane GUI

Task scheduler
kuti
kuti

Kutarisira mudziyo
kuti
Chete maseva ane GUI

File Management
kuti
kwete

user management
kuti
kuti

Group management
kuti
kuti

Certificate management
kuti
kuti

Zveshuwa
kuti
kwete

Uninstalling zvirongwa
kuti
kwete

System Monitor
kuti
kuti

Kune rimwe divi, RSAT inotipa kutonga kwakazara pamusoro pemabasa pamushini, nepo Windows Admin Center haigone kuita chero chinhu mune izvi. Heino kuenzanisa kwekugona kweRSAT neWAC mune ino ficha, kuti ijekeswe:

▍ Kutarisira basa

 

WAC
RSAT

Advanced Thread Protection
PREVIEW
kwete

Windows Defender
PREVIEW
kuti

Containers
PREVIEW
kuti

AD Administrative Center
PREVIEW
kuti

AD Domain uye Trusts
kwete
kuti

AD masaiti uye masevhisi
kwete
kuti

DHCP
PREVIEW
kuti

DNS
PREVIEW
kuti

DFS Maneja
kwete
kuti

GPO Maneja
kwete
kuti

IIS Maneja
kwete
kuti

Kureva kuti, zvatove pachena kuti kana tikasiya iyo GUI nePowerShell tichifarira mamwe maitirwo, isu hatizokwanisa kutiza nekushandisa imwe mhando ye-mono-tool: yekutonga kwakazara pamativi ese, isu tichada zvishoma. musanganiswa we RSAT uye WAC.

Nekudaro, iwe unofanirwa kuyeuka kuti iwe uchafanirwa kubhadhara 150-180 megabytes ye RAM kushandisa WAC. Kana yakabatana, Windows Admin Center inogadzira zvikamu 3-4 padivi reseva, izvo zvisingaurawe kunyangwe chishandiso chabviswa pamushini chaiwo. WAC zvakare haishande neshanduro dzekare dzePowerShell, saka iwe unozoda kanenge PowerShell 5.0. Zvese izvi zvinopesana paradigm yedu yekuomesera, asi iwe unofanirwa kubhadhara kunyaradzwa. Muchiitiko chedu - RAM.

Imwe sarudzo yekugadzirisa Server Core ndeyekuisa iyo GUI uchishandisa yechitatu-bato maturusi, kuti urege kukwevera kutenderedza matani emarara anouya neiyo interface mugungano rakazara.

Mune ino kesi, isu tine sarudzo mbiri: buritsa yekutanga Explorer pane system kana shandisa Explorer ++. Seimwe nzira kune yekupedzisira, chero maneja wefaira akakodzera: Total Commander, FAR Manager, Double Commander, zvichingodaro. Iyo yekupedzisira inodiwa kana kuchengetedza RAM kwakakosha kwauri. Iwe unogona kuwedzera Explorer ++ kana chero imwe faira maneja nekugadzira network dhairekitori uye kuivhura kuburikidza nekoni kana kuronga.

Kuisa yakazara-yakazara Explorer kunotipa mimwe mikana maererano nekushanda nesoftware ine UI. Nokuda kwaizvozvi uchafanira kubata kuServer Core App Compatibility Feature on Demand (FOD) iyo ichadzorera MMC, Eventvwr, PerfMon, Resmon, Explorer.exe uye kunyange Powershell ISE kuhurongwa. Nekudaro, isu tichafanirwa kubhadharira izvi, sezvazvakaita neWAC: isu ticharasikirwa zvisingachinjiki nezve 150-200 megabytes ye RAM, iyo ichave isina tsitsi neexplorer.exe nemamwe masevhisi. Kunyangwe kana pasina mushandisi anoshanda pamushini.

Izvi ndozvinoita ndangariro kushandiswa nesystem kunoratidzika pamichina ine uye isina iyo yemuno Explorer package.

Mubvunzo une musoro unomuka pano: nei zvese izvi zvekutamba nePowerShell, FOD, mafaera maneja, kana chero nhanho kuruboshwe kana kurudyi kunotungamirira kukuwedzera kwe RAM kushandiswa? Sei uchizvizora neboka rezvishandiso uye shuffle kubva kudivi kuenda kune rimwe divi kuti uve nechokwadi chebasa rakasununguka paWindows Server Core, iwe uchingogona kudhawunirodha Windows Server 2016/2019 uye worarama semuchena?

Pane zvikonzero zvakawanda zvekushandisa Server Core. Chekutanga: ikozvino ndangariro kushandiswa inenge hafu iyoyo. Kana iwe uchirangarira, ichi chimiro chaive hwaro hwechinyorwa chedu pakutanga chaipo. Kuenzanisa, heino ndangariro yekushandisa kweWindows Server 2019, enzanisa neiyo skrini ichangopfuura:

Uye saka, 1146 MB yekuyeuka kushandiswa panzvimbo ye655 MB paCore. 

Tichifunga kuti haudi WAC uye uchashandisa Explorer++ pachinzvimbo cheiyo yepakutanga Explorer, ipapo iwe ucharamba uchihwina inenge hafu yehekita pamushini wega wega unomhanya Windows Server. Kana paine imwe chete chaiyo muchina, saka kuwedzera hakukoshi, asi kana paine vashanu vavo? Apa ndipo pane basa rekuva neGUI, kunyanya kana usiri kuida. 

Kechipiri, chero matambiro akatenderedza Windows Server Core haazokutungamiri kurwisa dambudziko guru rekushandisa Windows Server - RDP uye chengetedzo yayo (kunyanya, kusavapo kwayo zvachose). Windows Core, kunyange yakavharwa neFOD, RSAT uye WAC, ichiri sevha isina RDP, kureva kuti, haigone kubatwa ne95% yekurwiswa kuripo.

Kusara

Kazhinji, Windows Core inongofuta zvishoma pane chero stock Linux kugovera, asi inoshanda zvakanyanya. Kana iwe uchida kusunungura zviwanikwa uye wakagadzirira kushanda nekoni, WAC uye RSAT, uye shandisa faira maneja panzvimbo yeiyo yakazara-GUI, saka Core inofanirwa kuterera. Uyezve, nayo iwe uchakwanisa kudzivirira kubhadhara yakawedzera kune yakazara-yakazara Windows, uye kushandisa mari yakachengetwa mukusimudzira yako. VPS, kuwedzera ipapo, semuenzaniso, RAM. Kuti zvive nyore, isu takawedzera Windows Server Core kune yedu pamusika.

Source: www.habr.com