WEB 3.0. Kubva pasaiti-centrism kuenda kuuser-centrism, kubva kumhirizhonga kuenda kuzhinji

Chinyorwa chinopfupisa pfungwa dzakaburitswa nemunyori mushumo "Uzivi hwekushanduka-shanduka uye shanduko yeInternet".

Izvo zvakanyanya kuipa uye matambudziko ewebhu yemazuva ano:

1. Kuremerwa nenjodzi kunetiweki ine zvakadzokororwa zvakadzokororwa, pasina nzira yakavimbika yekutsvaga kwainobva.
2. Kupararira uye kusawirirana kwezviri mukati zvinoreva kuti hazvibviri kuita sarudzo yakazara nemusoro uye, kunyanya, nehuwandu hwekuongorora.
3. Kutsamira kwechimiro chemharidzo yemukati pane vaparidzi (kazhinji zvisina tsarukano, vachitevera zvavo, kazhinji zvekutengesa, zvinangwa).
4. Hukama husina kusimba pakati pezvawanikwa uye ontology (chimiro chezvido) yemushandisi.
5. Kuwanikwa kwakaderera uye kusarudzika kwakashata kwezvakachengetwa network zvemukati (kunyanya, masocial network).
6. Kune kushoma kutora chikamu kwenyanzvi musangano (systematization) yezvinyorwa, kunyangwe vari ivo, nemaitiro emabasa avo, vari kuita systematization yeruzivo zuva nezuva, asi mhedzisiro yebasa ravo inonyorwa chete pa. makombiyuta emunharaunda.

Chikonzero chikuru chekusagadzikana uye kusakosha kwetiweki ndiyo saiti mudziyo watakagara nhaka kubva kuWebhu 1.0, umo munhu mukuru pane network haasi iye muridzi weruzivo, asi muridzi wenzvimbo iyo iripo. Ndiko kuti, pfungwa yevatakuri vezvinhu zvakaendeswa kune network, uko chinhu chikuru chaiva nzvimbo (raibhurari, kiosk, fenzi) uye chinhu (bhuku, pepanhau, chidimbu chepepa), uye chete ipapo zvinyorwa zvavo. Asi sezvo, kusiyana nenyika chaiyo, nzvimbo munyika chaiyo haina kuganhurirwa uye inodhura mapeni, huwandu hwenzvimbo dzinopa ruzivo hwakapfuura huwandu hweakasiyana ezvinyorwa zvemukati nemirairo yehukuru. Webhu 2.0 yakagadzirisa zvishoma mamiriro ezvinhu: mushandisi wega wega akagamuchira nzvimbo yake yega - account pasocial network uye rusununguko rwekugadzirisa kune imwe nhanho. Asi dambudziko nekusarudzika kwezviri mukati rakatowedzera kuipa: tekinoroji yekukopa-paste yakawedzera dhigirii rekudzokororwa kweruzivo nemirairo yehukuru.
Kuedza kukunda matambudziko aya eInternet yemazuva ano akaiswa mumativi maviri, ane hukama.

1. Kuwedzera huchokwadi hwekutsvaga ne microformatting yemukati yakagoverwa munzvimbo dzese.
2. Kugadzirwa kwe "repositories" yezvakavimbika zvemukati.

Iyo yekutanga kutungamira, hongu, inobvumidza iwe kuti uwane yakanyatso tsvagiridzo uchienzaniswa nesarudzo yekutsanangura mazwi akakosha, asi haibvise dambudziko rekudzokororwa kwezvinyorwa, uye zvakanyanya kukosha, haibvise mukana wekunyepedzera - iyo systematization yeruzivo. inowanzoitwa nemuridzi wayo, uye kwete nemunyori, uye zvechokwadi kwete mutengi anonyanya kufarira kutsvaga kukosha.
Kubudirira munzira yechipiri (Google, Freebase.Com, C.Y.C. etc.) ita kuti zvikwanisike kuwana ruzivo rwakavimbika rusingakanganisi, asi munzvimbo dzinogoneka chete - dambudziko reruzivo rwezvakawanda rinoramba rakavhurika munzvimbo dzisina mipimo yakafanana uye pfungwa yakajairwa yekuronga data. Dambudziko rekuwana, kuronga uye kusanganisira zvitsva (zvazvino) zviri mudhatabhesi zvakaoma kugadzirisa, iro ndiro dambudziko guru mune yemazuva ano yakatarisana nemagariro network.

Ndedzipi mhinduro dzinoitwa nemushandisi-centric inoshanda nzira inotsanangurwa mushumo "Uzivi hwekushanduka-shanduka uye shanduko yeInternet»

1. Kuramba kwechimiro chesaiti - chinhu chikuru chetiweki chinofanira kunge chiri chikamu chemukati, uye kwete nzvimbo yayo; iyo network node inofanira kunge iri mushandisi, ine seti yezvinyorwa zvemukati zvakagadzirirwa hama yake, iyo inogona kunzi mushandisi ontology.
2. Logical relativism (pluralism), iyo inotaura kusagoneka kwekuvapo kwepfungwa imwe chete yekuronga ruzivo, tichiziva kudiwa kwenhamba isina magumo yemasumbu eontological akazvimirira, kunyangwe mukati memusoro wenyaya imwe chete. Chikwata chega chega chinomiririra ontology yemumwe mushandisi (munhu kana generalized).
3. Nzira inoshanda yekuvaka ontologies, zvichireva kuti iyo ontology (masumbu maitiro) anoumbwa uye anoratidzwa mumabasa emukati jenareta. Iyi nzira inoda kudzokororwa kwemasevhisi etiweki kubva kuchizvarwa chemukati kuenda kuchizvarwa cheontology, izvo zvinoreva kugadzirwa kwemidziyo yekushandisa chero chiitiko panetiweki. Iyo yekupedzisira ichakubvumidza iwe kukwezva nyanzvi dzakawanda kunetiweki inova nechokwadi chekushanda kwayo.

Pfungwa yekupedzisira inogona kutsanangurwa zvakadzama:

1. Ontology inogadzirwa nenyanzvi mukati mekuita kwake mabasa ehunyanzvi. Iyo sisitimu inopa nyanzvi nezvese maturusi ekupinda, kuronga uye kugadzirisa chero mhando yedata.
2. Ontology inoratidzwa mumabasa enyanzvi. Izvi zvave kuitika nekuti chikamu chikuru chekushanda kwechero chiitiko chinoitwa kana kurekodhwa pakombuta. Nyanzvi haifanirwe kuvaka ontologies; anofanirwa kuita munzvimbo yesoftware, iyo iri panguva imwechete chishandiso chikuru chebasa rake uye jenareta yeontology.
3. Ontology inova mhedzisiro yechiitiko (zvese zvehurongwa uye zvehunyanzvi) - chigadzirwa chebasa rehunyanzvi (chinyorwa, mharidzo, tafura) ingori chikonzero chekuvaka ontology yechiito ichi. Haisi iyo ontology inosungirirwa kune chigadzirwa (chinyorwa), asi chinyorwa chinonzwisiswa sechinhu chakagadzirwa mune chaiyo ontology.
4. Ontology inofanirwa kunzwisiswa seiyo ontology yechimwe chiitiko; Kune akawanda maontologies sekune zviitiko.

Saka, mhedziso huru: Webhu 3.0 ishanduko kubva pasaiti-centric webhu kuenda kune semantic mushandisi-centric network - kubva kunetiweki yemapeji ewebhu ane zvimiro zvakagadziridzwa kuenda kunetiweki yezvinhu zvakasiyana zvakasanganiswa kuita nhamba isingaperi ye cluster ontologies. Kubva kudivi rehunyanzvi, Webhu 3.0 seti yemasevhisi epamhepo anopa huwandu hwakazara hwezvishandiso zvekupinda, kugadzirisa, kutsvaga uye kuratidza chero mhando yezvinyorwa, izvo panguva imwe chete zvinopa ontologization yezviitwa zvemushandisi, uye kuburikidza nazvo, ontologization yezvinyorwa.

Alexander Boldachev, 2012-2015

Source: www.habr.com