Kutanga, nhoroondo shoma.
Webhu 1.0 inetiweki yekuwana zvirimo zvakatumirwa pasaiti nevaridzi vazvo. Static html mapeji, kuverenga-chete kuwana ruzivo, mufaro mukuru ndeye hyperlink inotungamira kune mapeji eiyi uye mamwe masaiti. Iyo yakajairika fomati yesaiti ndeye ruzivo ruzivo. Iyo nguva yekuendesa zvisiri pamhepo kunetiweki: dhijitari mabhuku, scanning mifananidzo (yedhijitari makamera aive achiri mashoma).
Webhu 2.0 isocial network inounza vanhu pamwechete. Vashandisi, vakanyudzwa munzvimbo yeInternet, vanogadzira zvirimo zvakananga pamapeji ewebhu. Interactive dynamic saiti, zvemukati tagging, web syndication, mash-up tekinoroji, AJAX, webhu masevhisi. Zviwanikwa zveruzivo zviri kupa nzira kumasocial network, blog hosting, uye wikis. Nguva yekugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvepamhepo.
Zviri pachena kuti izwi rokuti "web 1.0" rakamuka chete mushure mekuuya kwe "web 2.0" kureva Indaneti yekare. Uye kanenge pakarepo hurukuro dzakatanga nezveramangwana vhezheni 3.0. Paive nesarudzo dzakati wandei dzekuona ramangwana iri, uye ese, chokwadi, aibatanidzwa nekukunda izvo zvinokanganisa uye zvisingakwanisi zvewebhu 2.0.
Mukuru weNetscape.com, Jason Calacanis ainyanya kunetseka pamusoro pehurombo hwemhando yezvinyorwa zvinogadzirwa nemushandisi uye akataura kuti remangwana reInternet richava "vanhu vane zvipo" vaizotanga "kugadzira zvemhando yepamusoro" (Web 3.0, iyo "yepamutemo". β tsanangudzo, 2007). Pfungwa iyi ine musoro, asi haana kutsanangura kuti vachazviita sei uye kupi, pane saiti. Zvakanaka, kwete paFacebook.
Munyori weshoko rekuti βweb 2.0,β Tim O'Reilly, akataura zvine musoro kuti murevereri asina kuvimbika akadaro semunhu haafanirwe kuisa ruzivo paInternet. Zvishandiso zvehunyanzvi zvinogonawo kupa data kuInternet. Uye zvakafanana tekinoroji zvishandiso zvinogona kuverenga data zvakananga kubva pawebhu kuchengetedza. Muchokwadi, Tim O'Reilly akakurudzira kubatanidza webhu 3.0 neizwi rekuti "Internet Yezvinhu" yatatojaira kwatiri.
Mumwe wevatangi veWorld Wide Web, Tim Berners-Lee, akaona mune ramangwana shanduro yeInternet kuzadzikiswa kwekurota kwake kwenguva refu (1998) yewebhu semantic. Uye kududzira kwake izwi iri kwakakunda - vazhinji veavo vakati "web 3.0" kusvika nguva pfupi yadarika vaireva semantic web, kureva, network umo zviri mumapeji ewebhusaiti zvingave zvichireva komputa, inoverengwa nemuchina. Kumwe kunenge 2010-2012 kwaive nekutaura kwakawanda nezve ontologisation, semantic mapurojekiti akazvarwa mumabhechi, asi mhedzisiro inozivikanwa kune wese munhu - tichiri kushandisa iyo Internet vhezheni 2.0. Muchokwadi, iyo chete semantic markup scheme Schema.org uye ruzivo magirafu eInternet monsters Google, Microsoft, Facebook, uye LinkedIn zvakapona zvizere.
Mafungu matsva ane simba ehunyanzvi hwedhijitari akabatsira kuvhara kutadza kweSemantic Web. Kufarira kwenhau uye vanhuwo zvavo kwachinja kune hombe data, iyo Internet yezvinhu, kudzidza kwakadzama, drones, augmented reality uye, hongu, blockchain. Kana ivo vekutanga pane iyo rondedzero kazhinji vari offline matekinoroji, saka blockchain ibasa retiweki. Pamusoro pekuzivikanwa kwayo muna 2017-2018, yakatozviti ndiyo Indaneti itsva (iyi pfungwa yakaramba ichiratidzwa nemumwe wevakatanga Ethereum, Joseph Lubin).
Asi nguva yakapfuura, uye shoko rokuti "blockchain" rakatanga kubatanidzwa kwete nekubudirira mune ramangwana, asi pane tariro isina kururama. Uye iyo pfungwa yekudzoreredza yakasikwa yakasimuka: ngatirege kutaura nezve blockchain sechirongwa chekuzvimirira, asi isanganise muhuwandu hwetekinoroji inofananidzira zvese zvitsva uye zvinopenya. Pakarepo kune iri "itsva" zita rawanikwa (kunyangwe risiri idzva) "webhu 3.0". Uye kuti neimwe nzira kururamisa ichi chisiri chitsva chezita, zvaive zvakafanira kuisa semantic network mu "chiedza" stack.
Saka, maitiro parizvino haasi blockchain, asi zvivakwa zveiyo yakatemerwa Internet yewebhu 3.0, ine akati wandei matekinoroji: blockchain, kudzidza muchina, semantic webhu uye Internet yezvinhu. Muzvinyorwa zvakawanda zvakaonekwa mugore rapfuura zvakatsaurirwa pakuzvarwa patsva kwewebhu 3.0, unogona kudzidza zvakadzama nezve chimwe nechimwe chezvikamu zvayo, asi rombo rakanaka, hapana mhinduro kumibvunzo yechisikigo: sei tekinoroji iyi inobatana kuita chimwe chinhu. yakazara, nei neural network ichida iyo Internet yezvinhu, uye semantic web blockchain? Zvikwata zvakawanda zvinongoramba zvichishanda pa blockchain (zvichida mune tariro yekugadzira crypt inogona kurova cue bhora, kana kungoshanda off investments), asi pasi pechiratidziro chitsva che "web 3.0". Kunyange zvakadaro, chimwe chinhu pamusoro penguva yemberi, uye kwete nezvetariro dzisina kururama.
Asi hazvisi zvese zvinosuwisa. Iye zvino ndichaedza kupindura muchidimbu mibvunzo yakabvunzwa pamusoro apa.
Sei iyo semantic network ichida blockchain? Ehe, pano isu tinoda kutaura kwete nezve blockchain seyakadaro (ketani yekripto-yakabatana zvidhinha), asi nezve tekinoroji inopa kuzivikanwa kwemushandisi, kubvumirana kwechibvumirano uye kuchengetedzwa kwemukati kunobva pane cryptographic nzira mune peer-to-peer network. . Saka, iyo semantic girafu setiweki yakadaro inogamuchira yakavimbika yakadzika chengetedzo ine cryptographic chiziviso cherekodhi nevashandisi. Iyi haisi iyo semantic markup yemapeji pane yemahara hosting.
Sei ane conditional blockchain ichida semantics? Ontology inowanzo kugovera zvemukati munzvimbo dzezvidzidzo uye mazinga. Izvi zvinoreva kuti webhu semantic yakakandwa pamusoro peer-to-peer network-kana, zviri nyore, kurongeka kwedata retiweki mune imwechete semantic graph-inopa zvisikwa kuunganidzwa kwetiweki, ndiko kuti, kuyera kwayo kwakatwasuka. Iyo nhanho kurongeka kwegirafu inoita kuti zvikwanise kufananidza kugadziridzwa kweiyo semantically yakazvimirira data. Ichi chatova chivakwa chedata, uye kwete kurasa zvese zvisina tsarukano mumabhuraki uye kuzvichengeta pane ese node.
Nei iyo Internet yezvinhu ichida semantics uye blockchain? Zvese zvinoita sezvidiki ne blockchain - inodiwa senge yakavimbika yekuchengetedza ine yakavakirwa-mukati sisitimu yekuzivisa vatambi (kusanganisira IoT sensors) uchishandisa cryptographic makiyi. Uye semantics, kune rimwe divi, inobvumidza iwe kuparadzanisa kuyerera kwe data mumasumbu ezvidzidzo, ndiko kuti, inopa kuburitsa ma node, kune rimwe divi, inobvumidza iwe kuita iyo data inotumirwa neIoT zvishandiso zvine musoro, uye nekudaro yakazvimirira applications. Unogona kukanganwa nezvekukumbira zvinyorwa zvemaapplication API.
Uye zvinoramba zvichionekwa kuti chii chakabatsirana kubva mukuyambuka muchina kudzidza uye semantic network? Zvakanaka, zvese zviri nyore kwazvo pano. Ndekupi, kana kusiri mugirafu ye semantic, munhu anogona kuwana yakakura kudaro yakakura yedata yakasimbiswa, yakarongeka, semantic inotsanangurwa mune imwechete fomati, yakakosha pakudzidzisa neuroni? Kune rimwe divi, chii chiri nani pane neural network yekuongorora girafu yekuvapo kweanobatsira kana inokuvadza anomalies, toti, kuziva mitsva mitsva, masinonimi kana spam?
Uye iyi ndiyo mhando yewebhu 3.0 yatinoda. Jason Calacanis achati: Ndakakuudza kuti ichave chishandiso chemhando yepamusoro yekugadzirwa kwezvinhu nevanhu vane zvipo. Tim Berners-Lee achafadzwa: semantics mitemo. Uye Tim O'Reilly achavewo chokwadi: dandemutande 3.0 rinenge "kusangana kweInternet nenyika inobatika," nezve kudzima mutsetse uri pakati pe online ne offline, patinokanganwa mazwi ekuti "pinda online."
Maitiro angu ekare kune musoro wenyaya
- (2012)
- (Vhidhiyo, 2013)
- (2015)
- (2019)
Source: www.habr.com