Windows 10 + Linux. Kumisikidza KDE Plasma GUI yeUbuntu 20.04 muWSL2. Walkthrough

Nhanganyaya

Ichi chinyorwa chakagadzirirwa kutariswa kwevatariri vehurongwa vanogadzirira nzvimbo dzebasa dzakajairwa pamakomputa ari kushanda Windows 10, kusanganisira vanogadzira software.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti pane rimwe dambudziko rine chekuita nekusagoneka kwekubatanidza software yakawanikwa kubva kuMicrosoft Store online chitoro kuti ishandiswe mune tsika Windows 10 mufananidzo. Pasina kuenda mune zvakadzama, ini ndichajekesa kuti dambudziko iri rine chekuita nenyaya yekuti zvirongwa zvakaiswa kubva kuMicrosoft Store zvinotaurirana neAdministrator service account, uye kana iyo tsika yekugadzira mifananidzo yapedzwa nekushandisa sysprep kukanganisa kunoitika nekuda kwechiitiko ichi.

Nzira inokurukurwa munyaya ino inodzivirira dambudziko iri pakugadzirira Windows 10 OS mufananidzo une pre-yakagadzirirwa WSL2 subsystem, pamwe neyakagadzirirwa uye yakagadziridzwa Ubuntu 20.04 OS mufananidzo ine KDE Plasma GUI, iyo inogona kuva neyayo. set of custom software.

Kune yakawanda mienzaniso uye tutorials paInternet yekumisikidza WSL subsystems (kureva WSL1 uye ichangoburwa WSL2), nekumisikidza GUI interface yelinux based OS system kubva kuUbuntu 16.04 kuenda kuUbuntu 20.04, asi izvi zvinonyanya kunetseka nezve desktops. pane inonzi. "lightweight" xfce4, ine zvinonzwisisika zvisingakwanisi muzvirongwa zvevashandisi. Asi kusvika paKDE Plasma GUI yeUbuntu 20.04 ine chekuita, hapana ruzivo rwakawanda runowanikwa pamambure. Asi isarudzo iyi inopa mushandisi wekupedzisira seti isingaverengeki yezvigadziriso zvese kutaridzika kweiyo sisitimu uye zvigadziriso zvehardware, hongu, tichifunga nezve ikozvino kusanganisa kugona kwelinux masisitimu akaiswa muWSL2 subsystem.

Kuisa iyo inodiwa seti yesoftware uye kugadzirisa WSL2

Isu tinotarisa ikozvino vhezheni yeWindows, nekuda kweizvi, muWindows search bar, isa mutemo winver uye tinowana chimwe chinhu chakadai:

Izvo zvakakosha kuti OS vhezheni iri 1903 kana 1909 (yakatsanangurwa OS mavhezheni anofanirwa kunge aine iyo cumulative update KB4566116 yakaiswa), kana 2004 (vaka nhamba isiri pasi pe19041), rumwe ruzivo haruna basa. Kana iyo vhezheni nhamba iri shoma pane iyo, zvinokurudzirwa kuti iwe ukwidziridze kune yazvino vhezheni yeWindows kuti unyatso kuburitsa mhedzisiro mune ino chinyorwa.

Kuti zvive nyore zvezvimwe zviito, isa iyo yemahara Windows Terminal uchishandisa Microsoft Store (pane zvakare mukana wekurodha kubva kune mamwe masosi):

Isu tinoisa X Server X410 kuburikidza neMicrosoft Store yakafanana, iyi software inobhadharwa, asi pane nguva yemahara yemazuva gumi nemashanu, inokwana bvunzo dzakasiyana.

Seimwe nzira yemahara kune X410 download uye isa VcXsrv X server.

Mune chero nzvimbo iri nyore pane diski, tinogadzira dhairekitori umo isu tichachengeta mafaera edu. Semuenzaniso, ngatigadzire dhairekitori C:wsl.

Kudhanilodha uye isa iyo Ubuntu 20.04 inomira yakamira, sunungura faira rinobuda uchishandisa archiver (semuenzaniso, 7-zip). Remekedza dhairekitori risina kurongedzerwa nezita rakareba Ubuntu_2004.2020.424.0_x64 mune chimwe chinhu chinogamuchirika, senge Ubuntu-20.04 uye ikopa kune dhairekitori C:wsl (zvino zviri nyore wsl).

Kudhanilodha uye unpack mudhairekitori wsl cross-platform sound server PulseAudio v.1.1., tinoitawo zvigadziriso kumafaira ayo ekugadzirisa.

Mufaira wslpulseaudio-1.1etcpulsedefault.pa muchikamu Load audio drivers statically gadzirisa mutsara:

load-module module-waveout sink_name=output source_name=input record=0

uye muchikamu Network access gadzirisa mutsara:

load-module module-native-protocol-tcp auth-ip-acl=127.0.0.1 auth-anonymous=1

Mufaira wslpulseaudio-1.1etcpulsedaemon.conf uncomment uye shandura mutsara

exit-idle-time = -1

Isu tinogadzirisa iyo WSL2 subsystem zvinoenderana zvinyorwa Microsoft. Chirevo chete ndechekuti isu takatodhawunirodha kugoverwa kweUbuntu, uye tichaiisa mudanho rinotevera. Chaizvoizvo, iyo gadziriso inodzika pasi pakugonesa zvimwe zvikamu "Windows Subsystem yeLinux" uye "Virtual Machine Platform", uye wozotangazve kushandisa shanduko kumakomputa zvigadziriso:

Kana zvakakodzera download uye isa iyo Linux kernel sevhisi paki muWSL2.
Isu tinovhura Windows Terminal uye sarudza iyo Command Prompt modhi nekudzvanya makiyi Ctrl+Shift+2.

Chekutanga pane zvese, isu tinoisa iyo WSL2 maitiro ekushanda, nekuda kweizvi tinoisa murairo:

wsl  --set-default-version 2

Shandura kuUbuntu 20.04 yakamira bootloader dhairekitori, mune yangu iyi wslUbuntu-20.04 uye mhanya faira ubuntu2004.exe. Kana wakumbirwa zita rekushandisa, isa zita rekushandisa engineer (unogona kuisa chero rimwe zita), isa password yako uye simbisa password yakapinda yeakaundi yakataurwa:

Iyo terminal yekumhanyisa inoonekwa, iyo Ubuntu 20.04 kernel yakaiswa. Ngatitarisei iko kurongeka kweWSL2 modhi marongero, pane izvi, muWindows Terminal, sarudza iyo Windows PowerShell tab uye isa mutemo:

wsl -l -v

mhedzisiro yekuuraya inofanira kuva seizvi:

Isu tinogadzirisa iyo Microsoft Defender firewall, i.e. dzima kune network yeruzhinji:

Kuisa Ubuntu 20.04

MuWindows Terminal, sarudza iyo Command Prompt tab zvakare uye isa zvigadziriso zveUbuntu 20.04. Kuti uite izvi, pamutsetse wekuraira, pinda:

sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade –y

Isa iyo KDE Plasma desktop:

sudo apt install kubuntu-desktop -y

kumisikidza kunotora kusvika maminetsi makumi matatu, zvichienderana nekushanda kwekombuta uye bandwidth yeInternet yekuwana chiteshi, kana yakurudzirwa nemuisi, tinosimbisa. OK.
Isa Russian localization uye maduramazwi Ubuntu 20.04. Kuti uite izvi, pamutsetse wekuraira, pinda:

sudo apt install language-pack-ru language-pack-kde-ru -y
sudo apt install libreoffice-l10n-ru libreoffice-help-ru -y
sudo apt install hunspell-ru mueller7-dict -y
sudo update-locale LANG=ru_RU.UTF-8
sudo dpkg-reconfigure locales # примечание: выбираем ru_RU.UTF-8 UTF-8, см. скриншоты ниже.
sudo apt-get install --reinstall locales

Wedzera yazvino vhezheni yeKDE Plasma desktop:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:kubuntu-ppa/backports
sudo apt update && sudo apt full-upgrade -y

Isu tinowedzera yedu seti yezvishandiso zvekonsoni, semuenzaniso mc и neofetch:

sudo apt install mc neofetch -y

Isu tinotarisa zvakaitika, pinda mumutsara wekuraira neofetch, ona skrini:

Kugadzirisa WSL config file /etc/wsl.conf:

sudo nano /etc/wsl.conf

kopira iwo mameseji mune isina chinhu text editor hwindo rinovhura:

[automount]
enabled = true
root = /mnt
options = «metadata,umask=22,fmask=11»
mountFsTab = true
[network]
generateHosts = true
generateResolvConf = true
[interop]
enabled = true
appendWindowsPath = true

chengetedza shanduko (Ctrl+O), simbisa kushanda uye buda mupepeti yemavara (Ctrl+X).

Kuendesa kunze iyo yakasarudzika Ubuntu-20.04 mufananidzo kune dhairekitori yatakagadzira wsl. Kuti uite izvi, muWindows Terminal, sarudza zvakare Windows PowerShell tab uye isa murairo:

wsl --export Ubuntu-20.04 c:wslUbuntu-plasma-desktop

mufananidzo wakagadzirwa uchatibatsira kuita otomatiki mashandiro ekutanga / kudzoreredza iyo yakagadziriswa Ubuntu 20.04, kana zvichidikanwa, zvinotitendera kuiendesa nyore kune imwe komputa.

Kugadzirira bat mafaera uye mapfupi kune Windows desktop

Uchishandisa Notepad ++ mupepeti, gadzira mafaira echiremwareti (inodiwa muOEM-866 encoding yeiyo chaiyo kubuda kweCyrillic mavara):
faira Install-Ubuntu-20.04-plasma-desktop.bat - yakagadzirirwa kuitisa otomatiki kuiswa kwekutanga kweiyo yakagadzirwa mufananidzo weUbuntu 20.04 pakombuta ine yakatogadzirwa WSL2 subsystem uye X server. Kana zita rekushandisa nepassword rakasiyana kubva kune rakatsanangurwa mumuenzaniso, saka iwe unofanirwa kuita shanduko yakakodzera kune iyi bat faira:

@echo off
wsl --set-default-version 2
cls
echo Ожидайте окончания установки дистрибутива Ubuntu-20.04...
wsl --import Ubuntu-20.04 c:wsl c:wslUbuntu-plasma-desktop
wsl -s Ubuntu-20.04
cls
echo Дистрибутив Ubuntu-20.04 успешно установлен!
echo Не забудьте сменить учетную запись по умолчанию «root» на существующую учетную запись пользователя,
echo либо используйте предустановленную учетную запись «engineer», пароль: «password».
pause

faira Reinstall-Ubuntu-20.04-plasma-desktop.bat - yakagadzirirwa kudzoreredza mufananidzo wakagadzirirwa weUbuntu 20.04 pakombuta.

@echo off
wsl --unregister Ubuntu-20.04
wsl --set-default-version 2
cls
echo Ожидайте окончания переустановки дистрибутива Ubuntu-20.04...
wsl --import Ubuntu-20.04 c:wsl c:wslUbuntu-plasma-desktop
wsl -s Ubuntu-20.04
cls
echo Дистрибутив Ubuntu-20.04 успешно переустановлен!
pause

faira Set-default-user.bat - kuseta iyo default mushandisi.

@echo off
set /p answer=Введите существующую учетную запись в Ubuntu (engineer):
c:wslUbuntu-20.04ubuntu2004.exe config --default-user %answer%
cls
echo Учетная запись пользователя %answer% в Ubuntu-20.04 установлена по умолчанию!
pause

faira Start-Ubuntu-20.04-plasma-desktop.bat -kuvhurwa chaiko kweKDE Plasma desktop.

@echo off
echo ===================================== Внимание! ============================================
echo  Для корректной работы GUI Ubuntu 20.04 в WSL2 необходимо использовать X Server.
echo  Примечание: в случае использования VcXsrv Windows X Server необходимо раскомментировать
echo  строки в файле Start-Ubuntu-20.04-plasma-desktop.bat, содержащие "config.xlaunch" и
echo  "vcxsrv.exe", и закомментировать все строки, содержащие "x410".
echo ============================================================================================
rem start "" /B "c:wslvcxsrvconfig.xlaunch" > nul
start "" /B x410.exe /wm /public > nul
start "" /B "c:wslpulseaudio-1.1binpulseaudio.exe" --use-pid-file=false -D > nul
c:wslUbuntu-20.04Ubuntu2004.exe run "if [ -z "$(pidof plasmashell)" ]; then cd ~ ; export DISPLAY=$(awk '/nameserver / {print $2; exit}' /etc/resolv.conf 2>/dev/null):0 ; setxkbmap us,ru -option grp:ctrl_shift_toggle ; export LIBGL_ALWAYS_INDIRECT=1 ; export PULSE_SERVER=tcp:$(grep nameserver /etc/resolv.conf | awk '{print $2}') ; sudo /etc/init.d/dbus start &> /dev/null ; sudo service ssh start ; sudo service xrdp start ; plasmashell ; pkill '(gpg|ssh)-agent' ; fi;"
rem taskkill.exe /F /T /IM vcxsrv.exe > nul
taskkill.exe /F /T /IM x410.exe > nul
taskkill.exe /F /IM pulseaudio.exe > nul

faira Start-Ubuntu-20.04-terminal.bat - kuvhura graphical terminal pasina KDE Plasma desktop.

@echo off
echo ===================================== Внимание! ============================================
echo  Для корректной работы GUI Ubuntu 20.04 в WSL2 необходимо использовать X Server.
echo  Примечание: в случае использования VcXsrv Windows X Server необходимо раскомментировать
echo  строки в файле Start-Ubuntu-20.04-plasma-desktop.bat, содержащие "config.xlaunch" и
echo  "vcxsrv.exe", и закомментировать все строки, содержащие "x410".
echo ============================================================================================
rem start "" /B "c:wslvcxsrvconfig.xlaunch" > nul
start "" /B x410.exe /wm /public > nul
start "" /B "c:wslpulseaudio-1.1binpulseaudio.exe" --use-pid-file=false -D > nul
c:wslUbuntu-20.04Ubuntu2004.exe run "cd ~ ; export DISPLAY=$(awk '/nameserver / {print $2; exit}' /etc/resolv.conf 2>/dev/null):0 ; export LIBGL_ALWAYS_INDIRECT=1 ; setxkbmap us,ru -option grp:ctrl_shift_toggle ; export PULSE_SERVER=tcp:$(grep nameserver /etc/resolv.conf | awk '{print $2}') ; sudo /etc/init.d/dbus start &> /dev/null ; sudo service ssh start ; sudo service xrdp start ; konsole ; pkill '(gpg|ssh)-agent' ;"
taskkill.exe /F /T /IM x410.exe > nul
rem taskkill.exe /F /T /IM vcxsrv.exe > nul
taskkill.exe /F /IM pulseaudio.exe > nul

Zvakare kuitira nyore kushandisa mukatalogi wsl isu tinogadzirira mapfupi anonongedza kune anoenderana bat-mafaira. Zvadaro zviri mukati medhairekitori wsl zvinoita seizvi:

Kutanga iyo KDE Plasma Desktop

Isu tinotarisa kuti matanho ese ekugadzirira apera, tinoedza kuvhura nzira yekudimbudzira Plasma-desktop. Chikumbiro chepassword chinooneka, isa password yeaccount uye ... hwindo rinovhara. Zvakanaka nguva yekutanga. Isu tinoedza zvakare - uye tinoona yakajairika KDE Plasma taskbar. Isu tinogadzirisa kutaridzika kwebhara rebasa, semuenzaniso, kuitira nyore kushandisa, iyo pani inofambiswa kurudyi rwechidzitiro uye yakanangwa. Isu tinotarisa marongero enzvimbo, kana zvichidikanwa, wedzera mutauro weRussia:

Kana zvichidikanwa, tinounza mapfupi eakaiswa linux application kuKDE Plasma taskbar.

Kana Ubuntu 20.04 ichida kuti ubude muakaundi yako yemushandisi kuitira kuti ushandise shanduko kune zvigadziriso, kana iwe unofanirwa kutangazve OS, kuti uite izvi, muWindows Terminal, isa mutemo:

wsl -d Ubuntu20.04 --shutdown

Nechinyorwa Plasma-desktop kana Konsole unogona kumhanya iyo KDE Plasma Ubuntu 20.04 GUI. Semuenzaniso, isa ne Konsole GIMP mifananidzo mupepeti:

Mushure mekuisa kwapera, mhanya kubva Konsole GIMP mifananidzo mupepeti:

GIMP inoshanda, ndizvo zvandaida kutarisa.
Uye heino maitiro akasiyana-siyana eLinux application anoshanda muKDE Plasma muWSL2:

iyo yakagadzirirwa KDE Plasma taskbar iri kurudyi rwechidzitiro. uye vhidhiyo iri muFirefox hwindo inotamba ine ruzha.

Kana zvichidikanwa, unogona kugadzirisa kupinda kuUbuntu20.04 ne SSH и RDP, nokuda kweizvi unoda kuisa masevhisi akakodzera nemurairo:

sudo apt install ssh xrdp -y

chiziviso: kugonesa password kupinda ne SSH unofanira kugadzirisa faira /etc/ssh/sshd_config, kureva parameter PasswordAuthentication no inofanira kuiswa PasswordAuthentication yes, chengetedza shanduko uye tangazve Ubuntu20.04.

Pese paunotanga Ubuntu20.04, iyo yemukati ip kero inoshanduka, usati wamisa yekupinda kure, unofanirwa kutarisa iripo ip kero uchishandisa murairo. ip a:

Saizvozvo, iyi ip-kero inofanirwa kuiswa mumasesheni echikamu SSH и RDP usati watanga.
Izvi ndizvo zvinoita seremote access SSH uchishandisa MobaXterm:

Uye izvi ndizvo zvinoita seremote access RDP:

Kushandisa x server vcxsrv pachinzvimbo che x410

Kutanga uye kugadzirisa vcxsrv, nyatso seta mabhokisi akakodzera:

Kuchengetedza iyo yakagadziriswa gadziriso mudhairekitori wslvcxsrv nezita rakajairika config.xlaunch.

Kugadzirisa mafaira echiremwaremwa Start-Ubuntu-20.04-plasma-desktop.bat и Start-Ubuntu-20.04-terminal.bat maererano nemirayiridzo yavo.

Kutangisa nzira yekudimbudzira Plasma-desktop, uye izvi ndizvo zvatinowana:

Iyo KDE Plasma desktop inovhara zvachose Windows desktop, kushandura pakati windows yelinux uye windows application isu tinoshandisa inozivikanwa kiyi musanganiswa. Alt+Tab, iyo isiri yakanyanya kunaka.
Mukuwedzera, chinhu chisingafadzi cheX server chakaratidzwa vcxsrv - inopunzika paunotanga mamwe maapplication, kunyanya iwoyo GIMP kana LibreOffice Munyori. Zvichida tinofanira kumirira kusvikira vagadziri vabvisa "zvipembenene" zvakaonekwa, asi izvi hazvisi chokwadi ... Saka, kuti uwane migumisiro inogamuchirwa, zviri nani kushandisa X Server Microsoft x410.

mhedziso

Zvakadaro, isu tinofanirwa kubhadhara mutero kuMicrosoft, chigadzirwa cheWSL2 chakazoshanda, uye mumaonero angu asina ruzivo, chakabudirira kwazvo. Uye sekuziva kwangu, vagadziri vanoramba vachi "kupedzisa" zvakanyanya, uye pamwe - mugore kana maviri, iyi subsystem ichaonekwa mukuzara kwayo kwese.

Source: www.habr.com