Operating systems ndiwo musimboti weindasitiri yemazuva ano. Kune rimwe divi, ivo vanodya yakakosha server zviwanikwa izvo zvinogona kushandiswa pane chimwe chinhu chinobatsira. Kune rimwe divi, iyo inoshanda sisitimu inoshanda senge orchestrator ye server application uye inobvumidza iwe kushandura imwechete-tasking komputa system kuita multitasking chikuva, uye zvakare inofambisa kupindirana kwevose vanofarira nemidziyo. Ikozvino iyo huru yemasevha anoshanda masisitimu ndeyeWindows Server + akati wandei Linux kugoverwa kwemarudzi akasiyana. Imwe neimwe yeaya masystem masisitimu ane yayo yakanakira, cons uye niches yekushandisa. Nhasi tichataura muchidimbu nezve masisitimu anouya nemaseva edu.
Windows Server
Iyi sisitimu yekushandisa inonyanya kufarirwa muchikamu chemakambani, kunyangwe vazhinji vashandisi vakajaira vanosanganisa Windows chete nedesktop version yePC. Zvichienderana nemabasa uye zvivakwa zvinodiwa kuti utsigire, makambani ave kushandisa shanduro dzakati wandei dzeWindows Server, kutanga neWindows Server 2003 uye ichipera neshanduro yazvino - Windows Server 2019. Windows Server 2003, 2008 R2, 2016 uye 2019.
Windows Server 2003 inoshandiswa zvakanyanya kutsigira masisitimu emakambani uye network yakavakirwa paWindows XP. Sezvineiwo, iyo Microsoft vhezheni yedesktop OS, iyo yakamiswa makore mashanu apfuura, ichiri kushandiswa, sezvo yakawanda yeproprietary yekugadzira software yakanyorerwa iyo panguva imwe chete. Zvimwe chetezvo zvinoenda kuWindows Server 2008 R2 uye Windows Server 2016 - ndiwo anonyanya kuenderana nekare asi ari kushanda software uye saka achiri kushandiswa nhasi.
Mabhenefiti makuru emaseva anomhanyisa Windows ndiko kureruka kwekutonga, yakakura yakakura yeruzivo, zvinyorwa uye software. Pamusoro pezvo, haugone kuita pasina Windows server kana ecosystem yekambani inosanganisira software kana mhinduro dzinoshandisa maraibhurari uye zvikamu zvekernel yeMicrosoft system. Iwe unogona zvakare kuwedzera tekinoroji yeRDP yekuwana mushandisi kune maseva maapplication uye nekuita kwakasiyana-siyana kwehurongwa. Pamusoro pezvo, Windows Server ine yakareruka vhezheni isina GUI ine zviwanikwa zvekushandisa padanho rekugovera Linux - Windows Server Core, pamusoro peiyo. . Isu tinotumira ese Windows maseva ane activated rezinesi (yemahara kune vatsva vashandisi).
Izvo zvakashata zveWinserver zvinosanganisira ma paramita maviri: mutengo werezinesi uye kushandisa zviwanikwa. Pakati pese masevha anoshanda masisitimu, Windows Server ndiyo inonyanya kusimba-nzara uye inoda kamwechete processor core uye kubva kune imwe nehafu kusvika kune matatu gigabytes ye RAM kungoitira iyo yakakosha uye yakajairwa masevhisi kuti ashande. Iyi sisitimu haina kukodzera kune yakaderera-simba masisitimu, uye zvakare ine huwandu hwekusagadzikana hune hukama neRDP neboka uye mushandisi marongero.
Kazhinji, Windows Server inoitirwa kutungamira maintraneti ekambani uye kuona kushanda kweiyo software, MSSQL dhatabhesi, ASP.NET maturusi kana imwe software yakagadzirwa zvakanangana neWindows. Panguva imwecheteyo, iyi ichiri yakazara-yakazara OS yaunogona kuendesa nzira, kusimudza DNS kana chero imwe sevhisi.
Ubuntu
Ubuntu ndeimwe yeanonyanya kufarirwa uye anoramba achikura kugoverwa kwemhuri yeLinux, yakatanga kuburitswa muna 2004. Pane imwe nguva "vadzimai vepamba" kuenda-kune" muGnome shell, nekufamba kwenguva Ubuntu yakava iyo default server OS nekuda kwenharaunda yayo yakakura uye budiriro inoenderera mberi. Iyo yazvino yakakurumbira vhezheni ndeye 18.04, asi isu tinopawo maseva e16.04, uye ingangoita svondo rapfuura iyo , izvo zvakaunza zvakawanda zvakanaka.
Kana Windows Server yakashandiswa seOS kutsigira chaiyo uye Windows-yakatarisana software, ipapo Ubuntu seLinux kugovera inyaya nezve yakavhurika sosi uye webhu kuvandudza. Saka, maseva eLinux anoshandiswa kubata maseva ewebhu paNginx kana Apache (kusiyana neMicrosoft IIS), kushanda nePostgreSQL neMySQL kana mitauro yakakurumbira yekuvandudza manyorero. Routing uye traffic manejimendi masevhisi anozokwanawo zvakakwana pane Ubuntu server.
Iwo mabhenefiti anosanganisira yakaderera zviwanikwa kushandiswa pane Windows Server, pamwe nebasa rekuzvarwa neiyo console uye mapakeji mamaneja eese Unix masisitimu. Uye zvakare, Ubuntu, kuve pakutanga "desktop imba Unix", iri mushandisi-ane hushamwari, izvo zvinoita kuti zvive nyore kubata.
Iyo yakanyanya kusarudzika ndeye Unix, nezvose zvazvinoreva. Ubuntu inogona kunge ine hushamwari, asi ingori hama kune mamwe maLinux masisitimu. Saka kushanda nayo, kunyanya mune yakazara server kumisikidzwa - ndiko kuti, chete kuburikidza neiyo terminal - iwe unozoda humwe hunyanzvi. Pamusoro pezvo, Ubuntu inonyanya kutarisisa pakushandisa wega uye haigari yakakodzera kugadzirisa nyaya dzemakambani.
Debian
Zvinoshamisa kuti Debian ndiye tateguru weakanyanya kufarirwa Ubuntu watakambotaura. Yekutanga kuvaka yeDebian yakadhindwa anopfuura makore makumi maviri nemashanu apfuura - kumashure muna 25, uye yaive kodhi yeDebian yakaumba hwaro hweUbuntu. Muchokwadi, Debian ndeimwe yekare uye panguva imwechete yakaoma kugovera pakati pemhuri yeLinux masisitimu. Pasinei nekufanana kwese kweUbuntu, kusiyana ne "mutsivi" wayo, Debian haana kugamuchira nhanho imwechete yehushamwari hwevashandisi sehudiki system. Zvisinei, izvi zvinewo zvazvakanakira. Debian inoshanduka-shanduka kupfuura Ubuntu uye inogona kuve yakanyatso gadziridzwa uye zvakanyanya kugadzirisa akati wandei emabasa chaiwo, kusanganisira emakambani.
Mukana mukuru weDebian kuchengetedzeka kwayo kukuru uye kugadzikana kana ichienzaniswa neUbuntu uye, kunyanya, Windows. Uye zvechokwadi, senge chero Linux system, yakaderera zviwanikwa kushandiswa, kunyanya muchimiro cheseva OS inomhanyisa terminal. Pamusoro pezvo, nharaunda yeDebian yakavhurika sosi, saka iyi sisitimu yakatarisana nekushanda nemazvo uye nemazvo nemhinduro dzemahara.
Nekudaro, kuchinjika, kuomarara uye kuchengetedzeka kunouya pamutengo. Debian inogadzirwa neyakavhurika sosi nharaunda isina yakajeka musimboti kuburikidza nehurongwa hwemapazi masters, nezvese zvazvinoreva. Pane imwe nguva nenguva, Debian ine shanduro nhatu: yakagadzikana, isina kugadzikana uye kuyedza. Dambudziko nderekuti bazi rekusimudzira rakagadzikana rinosara kumashure kwebazi rekuyedza, ndiko kuti, panogona kunge paine zvikamu zvekare uye mamodule mukernel. Zvese izvi zvinoguma nebhuku rekuvakazve kernel kana kunyangwe shanduko kuenda kubazi rekuyedza kana mabasa ako akadarika kugona kweiyo yakagadzikana vhezheni yeDebian. MuUbuntu hapana matambudziko akadaro nekuputsika kweshanduro: ipapo, vanogadzira vanoburitsa yakagadzikana LTS vhezheni yehurongwa makore maviri ega ega.
CentOS
Zvakanaka, ngatipedze hurukuro yedu nezveRUVDS sevha inoshanda masisitimu paCentOS. Kuenzaniswa nehukuru hukuru Ubuntu uye, kunyanya, Debian, CentOS inoita senge pwere. Uye kunyangwe iyo sisitimu yakave yakakurumbira pakati pevazhinji kwete kare kare, saDebian kana Ubuntu, kuburitswa kweshanduro yayo yekutanga kwakaitika panguva imwe chete seUbuntu, ndiko kuti, kumashure muna 2004.
CentOS inonyanya kushandiswa kune chaiwo maseva, sezvo iri shoma-inoda zviwanikwa pane Ubuntu kana Debian. Isu tinotumira zvigadziriso zvine shanduro mbiri dzeOS iyi: CentOS 7.6.1810 uye yekare CentOS 7.2.1510. Chinhu chikuru chekushandisa ibasa remakambani. CentOS inyaya yebasa. Usambofa hurongwa hwekushandisa pamba, sezvazvaive zvakaita, semuenzaniso, neUbuntu, CentOS yakakurumidza kugadzirwa seRedHat-kufanana nekugovera kwakavakirwa pane yakavhurwa sosi kodhi. Ndiyo nhaka kubva kuRedHat inopa CentOS mabhenefiti ayo makuru - kutarisa kugadzirisa matambudziko emakambani, kugadzikana uye kuchengetedzeka. Mamiriro akajairika ekushandisa sisitimu ndeye webhu saiti, umo CentOS inoratidza zvirinani mhedzisiro pane kumwe kugoverwa kweLinux.
Nekudaro, iyo sisitimu inewo zvinoverengeka zvisingabatsiri. Kuwedzera kudzorwa kusimudzira uye kutenderera kutenderera kupfuura Ubuntu zvinoreva kuti pane imwe nguva uchafanirwa kushivirira nekusagadzikana kana matambudziko atogadziriswa mune kumwe kugoverwa. Iyo sisitimu yekuvandudza nekuisa zvinhu zvakare yakasiyana: hapana apt-kuwana, chete yum uye RPM mapakeji. Zvakare, CentOS haina kunyatsokodzera kubata uye kushanda neDocker/k8s mudziyo mhinduro, umo Ubuntu neDebian zviri pachena pamusoro. Iyo yekupedzisira yakakosha sezvo virtualization yemawebhu maseva uye mashandisirwo kuburikidza nemidziyo yave kuwedzera simba munharaunda yeDevOps mumakore achangopfuura. Uye zvechokwadi, CentOS ine nharaunda diki zvakanyanya ichienzaniswa neakakurumbira Debian uye Ubuntu.
Panzvimbo yekubuda
Sezvauri kuona, chero OS ine zvayakanakira nezvayakaipira uye yakagamuchira niche yayo. Masevha anoshanda neWindows anomira akaparadzana - iyo Microsoft nharaunda, sekutaura, ine mamiriro ayo uye mitemo yekushanda.
Kugoverwa kwese kweLinux kwakafanana kune imwe neimwe maererano nekushandisa zviwanikwa, asi vane yavo chaiyo maficha uye misiyano zvichienderana nebasa riripo. Ubuntu iri nyore kushandisa, Debian yakagadziridzwa zvakanyanya. CentOS inogona kuita sekutsiva iyo yakabhadharwa RedHat, iyo yakakosha kana iwe uchida yakazara-yakazara corporate OS mune unix vhezheni. Asi panguva imwecheteyo, haina kusimba munyaya dzemidziyo uye yekushandisa virtualization. Chero zvazvingava, unogona kubata nyanzvi dzedu uye isu tichasarudza inodiwa mhinduro uye kumisikidza iwe zvichienderana nemabasa ako.
Vashandisi vakanyoresa chete ndivo vanogona kutora chikamu muongororo. , Munogamuchirwa.
Vadiwa vaverengi, ndeipi server OS yaunoona yakanyanya kunaka?
-
22,9%Windows server119
-
32,9%Debian171
-
40,4%Ubuntu 210
-
34,8%CentOS181
520 vashandisi vakavhota. 102 vashandisi vakaramba.
Source: www.habr.com