🥇Windows Server kana Linux-kugovera? Kusarudza sevha OS

Masisitimu ekushanda ndiwo musimboti weindasitiri yemazuva ano. Kune rumwe rutivi, anoshandisa zviwanikwa zveseva zvakakosha zvinogona kushandiswa kune chimwe chinhu chinobatsira. Kune rumwe rutivi, sisitimu yekushandisa inoshanda senzira yekugadzirira maapplication eseva, ichishandura komputa ine basa rimwe chete kuita puratifomu ine mabasa akawanda, uye ichibatsira kutaurirana pakati pevane chekuita nehardware. Parizvino, OS huru yemaseva ndiyo Windows Server + akati wandei Linux-kugoverwa kwemarudzi akasiyana-siyana. Imwe neimwe yeiyi sisitimu yekushandisa ine zvayakanakira, zvayakaipira, uye nzvimbo dzayo dzekushandisa. Nhasi, tichakurukura muchidimbu masisitimu anouya nemasevha edu.

Windows Server

Sisitimu iyi yekushanda inozivikanwa zvikuru muchikamu chemakambani, kunyange hazvo vashandisi vazhinji vachiibatanidza ne Windows chete neshanduro yedesktop yemakombiyuta. Zvichienderana nemabasa uye zvivakwa zvinodiwa kuti zvitsigire, makambani parizvino anoshandisa shanduro dzakasiyana-siyana. Windows Serverkutanga Windows Server 2003 uye ichipera neshanduro yazvino - Windows Server 2019. Tinopa maseva masisitimu ese ekushanda akanyorwa, kureva, Windows Server 2003, 2008 R2, 2016 na2019.

Windows Server Gore ra2003 rinoshandiswa zvakanyanya kutsigira masisitimu emakambani nema network akavakirwa pahwaro hwe Windows XP. Zvinoshamisa kuti, vhezheni yeMicrosoft's desktop OS, yakamiswa makore mashanu apfuura, ichiri kushandiswa, sezvo software yakawanda yekugadzira yakagadzirwa panguva iyoyo. Izvi zvinoshandawo kune Windows Server 2008 R2 uye Windows Server 2016 - Ndidzo dzinonyanya kushanda nesoftware yekare asi iri kushanda saka dzichiri kushandiswa nanhasi.

Zvakanakira zvikuru zvemaseva anotungamirwa Windows — zviri nyore kushandisa, ruzivo rwakawanda, mabhuku ekushandisa, uye software. Pamusoro pezvo, hauzokwanisi kuita basa usina sevha. Windows, kana ecosystem yekambani ichisanganisira software kana mhinduro dzinoshandisa maraibhurari uye zvikamu zvikuru zveMicrosoft systems. Tekinoroji yeRDP yekuwana kwevashandisi kuma server applications uye kushanduka-shanduka kwesystem kunogonawo kuwedzerwa pano. Uyezve, Windows Server ine vhezheni yakareruka isina GUI ine kushandiswa kwezviwanikwa padanho Linux-kugoverwa — Windows Server Core, pamusoro payo takanyora kareMaseva ese ari pasi pekutarisira Windows Tinoipa rezenisi rakavhurwa (haisi mahara kune vashandisi vatsva).

Dambudziko reWinserver rinosanganisira zvinhu zviviri: mutengo werezinesi uye kushandiswa kwezviwanikwa. Pakati pemasystem ese ekushanda kweseva, Windows Server Sisitimu inonyanya kuda kurangarira inoda kanenge processor core imwe chete uye 1.5 kusvika 3 gigabytes yeRAM kuti ishandise kernel nemasevhisi akajairwa. Sisitimu iyi haina kukodzera magadzirirwo emagetsi mashoma uye inewo matambudziko akawanda ane chekuita neRDP uye mapolicy eboka nerevashandisi.

Kazhinji Windows Server yakagadzirirwa kutarisira ma intranet ekambani uye kuona kuti software chaiyo, MSSQL databases, ASP.NET tools kana zvimwe zvishandiso zvakagadzirirwa zvakananga Windows Software. Zvisinei, ichiri OS yakazara, inokwanisa kuisa routing, DNS, kana chero imwe sevhisi.

Ubuntu

Ubuntu — imwe yenzvimbo dzakakurumbira uye dziri kukura zvishoma nezvishoma mumhuri Linux, yakaburitswa kekutanga muna 2004. Yaimbova "linux yemadzimai epamba" muGnome shell, nekufamba kwenguva Ubuntu yave OS yeserver yekutanga nekuda kwenharaunda yayo yakakura uye kuvandudzwa kuri kuenderera mberi. Shanduro yakakurumbira yazvino i18.04, asi tinotumirawo maseva ane 16.04, uye vhiki imwe yapfuura, kuburitswa kweshanduro 20.04, izvo zvakaunza zvakawanda zvakanaka.

kana Windows Server yakashandiswa seOS kutsigira software chaiyo uye yakatarisana neWindows, ipapo Ubuntu sei Linux-distribution ine chekuita ne open source uye web development. Maseva eLinux anoshandiswa kuhosta mawebhusaiti paNginx kana Apache (kusiyana neMicrosoft IIS), kushanda nePostgreSQL neMySQL, kana mitauro yakakurumbira yekunyora. Paseva ine Ubuntu Mabasa ekufambisa nzira nekutarisira traffic achakwanawo zvakakwana.

Zvakanakira izvi zvinosanganisirawo kushandiswa kwakaderera kwezviwanikwa kupfuura Windows Server, pamwe nekushanda kwepakutanga ne console uye mapakeji managers eese ma Unix systems. Pamusoro pezvo, Ubuntu, sezvo pakutanga yaive "desktop home Unix", iri nyore kushandisa, izvo zvinoita kuti kuigadzirisa kuve nyore.

Dambudziko guru iUnix, pamwe nezvose zvainoreva. Kunyangwe kana Ubuntu uye ane hushamwari - asi chete kana tichitaura nezvevamwe Linux-systems. Saka, kushanda nayo, kunyanya mukugadzirisa kwesevha yakazara—ndiko kuti, kuburikidza neterminal chete—kunoda hunyanzvi hwakati. Pamusoro pezvo, Ubuntu Yakanyanya kunangana nekushandiswa kwemunhu uye haisi nguva dzose yakakodzera kugadzirisa nyaya dzemakambani.

Debian

Chinhu chisinganzwisisike ndechekuti Debian - uyu ndiye tateguru weakakurumbira zvikuru uye ambotaurwa UbuntuKuvaka kwekutanga Debian yakaburitswa makore anopfuura makumi maviri nemashanu apfuura - muna 1994, uye ndiyo yaive kodhi Debian ndiyo yakaumba hwaro UbuntuMuchidimbu, Debian ndeimwe yemidziyo yekare uye panguva imwe chete yakaoma pakati pemhuri Linux-masisitimu. Pasinei nekufanana kwese Ubuntu, kusiyana ne "mugari wenhaka" yake, Debian Haina kusvika padanho rekushandisa zviri nyore sezvakaitwa neyakaitangira. Zvisinei, izvi zvine zvazvakanakira. Debian - zviri nyore kuchinja kupfuura Ubuntu uye inogona kugadziriswa zvakadzama uye kugadzirisa zvinobudirira mabasa akati wandei, kusanganisira ayo ekambani.

Chinhu chikuru chakanakira Debian - kuchengetedzeka kukuru uye kugadzikana zvichienzaniswa Ubuntu uye, kunyanya, ne WindowsUye zvechokwadi, sezvimwe zvese Linux-systems - kushandiswa kushoma kwezviwanikwa, kunyanya muchimiro che server OS ichishandisa terminal. Pamusoro pezvo, Debian- nharaunda inovhura nzvimbo, saka sisitimu iyi inonyanya kutarisa pabasa rakarurama uye rinoshanda rine mhinduro dzemahara.

Zvisinei, kuchinjika, kuomarara uye kuchengetedzeka zvinouya nemutengo. Debian Iri kugadzirwa neveruzhinji vasina ruzivo rwakajeka kuburikidza nehurongwa hwemabranch master, nemhedzisiro yese inosanganisirwa. Pane imwe nguva, Debian Kune shanduro nhatu: dzakagadzikana, dzisina kugadzikana, uye dzekuedza. Dambudziko nderekuti bazi rekusimudzira rakagadzikana rinosara zvakanyanya kumashure kwebazi rekuedza, zvichireva kuti kernel inogona kunge iine zvikamu zvekare uye mamodules. Izvi zvinoguma nekuvakazve kernel nemaoko kana kutochinja kuenda kubazi rekuedza kana zvaunoda zvikapfuura kugona kweshanduro yakagadzikana. Debian. The Ubuntu Hakuna matambudziko akadaro nekuchinja kweshanduro: vagadziri vanoburitsa shanduro yakagadzikana yeLTS yehurongwa makore maviri ega ega.

CentOS

Ngatipedzisei hurukuro yedu nezve server OS RUVDS pa CentOSZvichienderana nehukuru hwakakura Ubuntu uye, zvakanyanya kudaro, Debian, CentOS zvinoita semwana wechidiki. Uye kunyangwe hurongwa hwacho hwakava hwakakurumbira pakati pevanhu vazhinji nguva pfupi yapfuura, Debian kana Ubuntu, kuburitswa kweshanduro yayo yekutanga kwakaitika panguva imwe chete ne Ubuntu, kureva kuti, kare muna 2004.

Kazhinji CentOS Inoshandiswa kune ma-virtual servers nekuti hainyanyi kushandisa mari yakawanda kupfuura Ubuntu kana DebianIsu tinopa magadzirirwo anoshandisa shanduro mbiri dzeOS iyi: CentOS 7.6.1810 zvichikwira CentOS 7.2.1510. Nyaya huru yekushandisa ndeyemabasa emakambani. CentOS — iyi inyaya yekushanda. Yakanga isati yamboshandiswa pamba, semuenzaniso, ne Ubuntu, CentOS Pakutanga yakagadzirwa seRedHat-like distribution yakavakirwa pa open source code. Ndiyo nhaka yeRedHat iyi inoita kuti ive yayo CentOS Zvakanakira zvikuru ndezvekuti inotarisa pakugadzirisa matambudziko emakambani, kugadzikana, uye kuchengetedzeka. Chinhu chinowanzo shandiswa pahurongwa iwebhu hosting, umo CentOS inoratidza mhedzisiro iri nani kupfuura dzimwe Linux-mhedzisiro yekugoverwa.

Zvisinei, sisitimu iyi ine zvimwe zvainovhiringidzawo. Ine kutenderera kwekuvandudzwa nekugadziridzwa kwakaderera kupfuura imwe chete. Ubuntu, zvinoreva kuti pane imwe nguva uchafanira kugadzirisa matambudziko kana matambudziko atogadziriswa mune mamwe ma "distributions". Sisitimu yekuvandudza nekuisa zvikamu zvakasiyanawo: hapana apt-get, package ye yum neRPM chete. CentOS hazvina kukodzera zvakakwana pakubata nekushanda neDocker/k8s container solutions, umo Ubuntu и Debian Zviri pachena kuti iri nani. Yekupedzisira iyi inokosha, sezvo Virtualization yeWeb Servers nemaApplications kuburikidza neContainerization yave ichikwira zvakanyanya muDevOps mumakore achangopfuura. Uye zvechokwadi, CentOS nharaunda diki zvikuru kana tichienzanisa neyakakurumbira Debian и Ubuntu.

Panzvimbo yekubuda

Sezvauri kuona, OS yega yega ine zvayakanakira nezvayakaipira uye ine chinzvimbo chayo. Maseva ari kushanda pairi anoonekwa zvakanyanya. Windows — nharaunda yeMicrosoft, kutaura zvazviri, ine mamiriro ayo nemitemo yayo yebasa.
zvose Linux-kugoverwa kwakafanana pakushandiswa kwezviwanikwa, asi kune zvimwe zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvichienderana nebasa riripo. Ubuntu zviri nyore kushandisa, Debian — yakanyatsogadzirwa zvakanaka. CentOS Inogona kushandiswa senzira yekutsiva RedHat inobhadharwa, izvo zvakakosha kana uchida OS yakazara yekambani muUnix implementation. Zvisinei, haina simba kana zvasvika pakuisa mu containerization uye application virtualization. Chero zvazvingava, unogona kubata nyanzvi dzedu, uye isu tichasarudza mhinduro chaiyo uye magadzirirwo zvichienderana nezvaunoda.