Sei mapaketi achigona kurasika paLAN? Pane zvakasiyana-siyana zvingasarudzwa: kuchengetwa kwacho kwakagadzirirwa zvisina kururama, network haigoni kutarisana nemutoro, kana kuti LAN "ine dutu". Asi chikonzero hachigare chiri mune network layer.
Iyo kambani Arktek LLC yakagadzira otomatiki maitiro ekudzora masisitimu uye vhidhiyo yekutarisa masisitimu eiyo Rasvumchorrsky mugodhi weApatit JSC zvichibva pane. .
Paive nematambudziko mune chimwe chikamu chetiweki. Pakati peFL SWITCH 3012E-2FX switch - uye FL Switchch 3006T-2FX - nzira yekukurukurirana yakanga isina kugadzikana zvakanyanya.
Midziyo iyi yakabatanidzwa netambo yemhangura yakaiswa mune imwe chiteshi kune 6 kV tambo yemagetsi. Iyo tambo yemagetsi inogadzira nzvimbo yakasimba yemagetsi, izvo zvinokonzeresa kukanganisa. Zvakajairwa maindasitiri switch haana kukwana kudzivirirwa kweruzha, saka imwe data yakarasika.
Pakaiswa FL SWITCH 3012E-2FX switch pamativi ese maviri - , kubatana kwakagadzikana. Aya ma switch anoenderana neIEC 61850-3. Pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, Chikamu 3 cheiyi chiyero chinotsanangura zvinodikanwa zvemagetsi emagetsi (EMC) zvemidziyo inoiswa mumagetsi emagetsi zviteshi uye zviteshi.
Nei ma switch ane EMC yakagadziridzwa akaita zvirinani?
EMC - zvakajairwa zviga
Zvinoitika kuti kugadzikana kwekufambiswa kwedata paLAN kunokanganisa kwete chete nekurongeka kwakaringana kwemidziyo uye huwandu hwe data inotamiswa. Mapaketi akadonha kana switch yakatyoka inogona kukonzerwa nekukanganiswa kwemagetsi: redhiyo yaishandiswa pedyo nemidziyo yetiweki, tambo yemagetsi yakaiswa pedyo, kana switch yemagetsi yakavhura dunhu panguva pfupi.
Iyo redhiyo, tambo uye switch ndiyo masosi ekukanganiswa kwemagetsi. Enhanced Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) switch dzakagadzirwa kuti dzishande zvakajairika kana dzakafumurwa nekukanganisika uku.
Kune marudzi maviri ekukanganiswa kwe electromagnetic: inductive uye kuitwa.
Inductive interference inoparadzirwa kuburikidza neelectromagnetic field "kuburikidza nemhepo". Kuvhiringidza uku kunonzi zvakare kupindira kwemwaranzi kana kunyungudika.
Kupindira kunoitwa kunoparidzirwa kuburikidza nemakondukita: waya, pasi, nezvimwe.
Inductive interference inoitika kana yakafumurwa kune ine simba remagetsi kana magineti. Kupindira kunoitwa kunogona kukonzerwa nekuchinja maseketi azvino, kurova kwemheni, pulses, nezvimwe.
Shanduko, semidziyo yese, inogona kukanganiswa neese inductive uye inoitiswa ruzha.
Ngatitarisei kune kwakasiyana masosi ekuvhiringidza panzvimbo yeindasitiri, uye rudzii rwekupindira kwavanogadzira.
Manyuko ekuvhiringidza
Radhiyo-emitting zvishandiso (walkie-talkies, mbozhanhare, welding midziyo, induction furnaces, nezvimwewo)
Chero mudziyo unoburitsa munda wemagetsi. Iyi electromagnetic munda inobata zvishandiso zvese inductively uye conductively.
Kana munda wacho wakagadzirwa wakasimba zvakakwana, unogona kugadzira ikozvino mune kondakita, izvo zvinokanganisa nzira yekutumira chiratidzo. Kupindira kwakasimba kwazvo kunogona kukonzera kuvharika kwemidziyo. Nokudaro, inductive effect inooneka.
Vashandi vanoshanda uye masevhisi ekuchengetedza anoshandisa nharembozha uye mawalkie-talkies kutaurirana. Maredhiyo eredhiyo neterevhizheni anoshanda pazvivakwa; Bluetooth neWiFi zvishandiso zvakaiswa pane nharembozha.
Zvese izvi zvishandiso zvine simba remagetsi emumunda jenareta. Naizvozvo, kushanda zvakajairwa munzvimbo dzemaindasitiri, switch dzinofanirwa kukwanisa kushivirira kukanganiswa kwemagetsi.
Iyo electromagnetic nharaunda inotarwa nesimba reiyo electromagnetic munda.
Paunenge uchiyedza switch yekuramba kune inductive mhedzisiro yemagetsi emagetsi minda, munda we10 V/m inonyengerwa pane switch. Muchiitiko ichi, shanduko inofanira kunge yakanyatsoshanda.
Chero maconductor ari mukati me switch, pamwe nechero tambo, ari kungogamuchira antennas. Radio-emitting zvishandiso zvinogona kukonzera kukanganiswa kwemagetsi mu frequency renji 150 Hz kusvika 80 MHz. Iyo electromagnetic field induces voltage mune aya conductor. Aya ma voltages anokonzeresa macurrents, ayo anogadzira ruzha mukuchinja.
Kuti uedze switch yekuitisa EMI kusadzivirirwa, voltage inoiswa kune data ports uye magetsi madoko. GOST R 51317.4.6-99 inogadzirisa kukosha kwevoltage ye10 V kune yakakwira mwero wemagetsi emagetsi. Muchiitiko ichi, shanduko inofanira kunge yakanyatsoshanda.
Ikozvino mumatambo emagetsi, tambo dzemagetsi, masekete ekudzika
Iyo yazvino mumatambo emagetsi, tambo dzemagetsi, uye maseketi ekumisa inogadzira iyo magineti yemaindasitiri frequency (50 Hz). Kuratidzwa kune magnetic field kunogadzira ikozvino mune yakavharwa conductor, iyo inopindira.
Iyo simba frequency magnetic field yakakamurwa kuita:
- magnetic field yenguva dzose uye yakaderera zvakanyanya inokonzerwa nemhepo pasi pemamiriro ekushanda;
- magnetic field yehumwe hurefu hwakanyanya hunokonzerwa nemhepo pasi pemamiriro ekukurumidzira, kushanda kwenguva pfupi kusvikira zvigadzirwa zvatanga.
Paunenge uchiyedza kushandura kugadzikana kwekuratidzwa kune simba-frequency magnetic field, munda we 100 A / m unoshandiswa kwairi kwenguva yakareba uye 1000 A / m kwenguva ye3 s. Kana yakaedzwa, ma switch anofanirwa kushanda zvizere.
Kuenzanisa, yakajairika imba microwave oveni inogadzira simba remagineti rinosvika 10 A/m.
Mheni inorova, mamiriro ekukurumidzira mumambure emagetsi
Kurova kwemheni kunokonzerawo kukanganisa mumidziyo yetiweki. Haagari kwenguva refu, asi ukuru hwavo hunogona kusvika zviuru zvinoverengeka volts. Kupindira kwakadaro kunonzi pulsed.
Ruzha rwePulse runogona kuiswa kune ese ari maviri emagetsi madhishi uye data ports. Nekuda kwehupamhi hwepamusoro, ivo vese vanogona kukanganisa kushanda kwemidziyo uye nekuipisa zvachose.
Kurova kwemheni inyaya yakakosha yeruzha rwekunzwa. Inogona kuverengerwa seyepamusoro-simba microsecond pulse ruzha.
Kurova kwemheni kunogona kuva kwemhando dzakasiyana: kurova kwemheni kune yekunze voltage circuit, kurova kusina kunanga, kurova pasi.
Kana mheni ichirova dunhu rekunze remagetsi, kukanganisa kunoitika nekuda kwekuyerera kweiyo huru yekuburitsa ikozvino kuburikidza nekunze redunhu uye pasi redunhu.
Kurova kwemheni isina kunanga kunoonekwa semheni inobuda pakati pemakore. Munguva yekukanganisa kwakadaro, magetsi emagetsi anogadzirwa. Dzinopinza mavoltages kana macurrents mumaconductors emagetsi system. Izvi ndizvo zvinokonzera kukanganisa.
Kana mheni ikarova pasi, mvura inoyerera nepasi. Inogona kugadzira mutsauko unogona kuitika mumotokari pasi system.
Kunyatsopindirana kwakafanana kunogadzirwa nekuchinja capacitor mabhangi. Kuchinja kwakadaro ishanduko yenguva pfupi. Yese inochinja-chinja inokonzeresa yakakwira-simba microsecond impulse ruzha.
Kukurumidza kuchinja mumagetsi kana ikozvino kana zvidziviriro zvichishanda zvinogona kukonzera ruzha rwemicrosecond pulse mumaseketi emukati.
Kuti uedze switch yekuramba kupuruzira ruzha, yakakosha test pulse jenareta inoshandiswa. Somuenzaniso, UCS 500N5. Iyi jenareta inopa pulses yeakasiyana ma paramita kune switch ports pasi pekuyedzwa. Pulse parameters zvinoenderana nemayedzo akaitwa. Ivo vanogona kusiyanisa mu pulse chimiro, kubuda kuramba, voltage, uye kuratidzwa nguva.
Munguva yemicrosecond pulse noise immune immune bvunzo, 2 kV pulses inoiswa kune magetsi madoko. Kune zviteshi zve data - 4 kV. Munguva yekuedzwa uku, inofungidzirwa kuti kushanda kunogona kuvhiringidzwa, asi mushure mokunge kupindira kwapera, ichapora pachayo.
Kuchinjisa mitoro inoshanda, "bouncing" yevanotaudzana, chinja kana uchigadzirisa chinjana ikozvino.
Akasiyana-siyana ekuchinja maitiro anogona kuitika mune yemagetsi sisitimu: kukanganiswa kwe inductive mitoro, kuvhurwa kweanotangisa marelay, nezvimwe.
Maitiro ekuchinja akadaro anogadzirawo ruzha rwekufungidzira. Nguva yavo inotangira kubva kune imwe nanosecond kusvika kune imwe microsecond. Ruzha rwakadaro runonzi nanosecond impulse noise.
Kuita bvunzo, kuputika kwenanosecond pulses kunotumirwa kune switch. Pulses inopihwa kune magetsi ports uye data ports.
Machiteshi emagetsi anopihwa 2 kV pulses, uye madoko edata anopihwa ne4 kV pulses.
Munguva ye nanosecond kuputika ruzha kuyedzwa, ma switch anofanirwa kunge achishanda zvizere.
Ruzha kubva mumaindasitiri emagetsi emidziyo, mafirita nematambo
Kana switch yacho yakaiswa padhuze nemagetsi ekugovera masisitimu kana magetsi emagetsi midziyo, isina kuenzana voltages inogona kupinzwa mavari. Kupindira kwakadaro kunonzi kuitwa electromagnetic interference.
Nzvimbo huru dzekukanganisa kunoitwa ndeidzi:
- magetsi ekugovera masisitimu, kusanganisira DC uye 50 Hz;
- magetsi emagetsi midziyo.
Zvichienderana nekwakabva kupindira, ivo vakakamurwa kuva marudzi maviri:
- nguva dzose voltage uye voltage ine frequency ye50 Hz. Mapfupi maseketi uye kumwe kuvhiringika mumasisitimu ekugovera kunounza kukanganiswa pane yakakosha frequency;
- voltage mu frequency band kubva 15 Hz kusvika 150 kHz. Kupindira kwakadaro kunowanzogadzirwa nemagetsi emagetsi masisitimu.
Kuti uedze maswichi, simba uye data zviteshi zvinopihwa nerms voltage ye30V zvichienderera uye rms voltage ye300V kwe1 s. Aya ma voltage values ββanopindirana nehupamhi hwepamusoro hwekuoma kweGOST bvunzo.
Iyo midziyo inofanirwa kumirisana nemaitiro akadaro kana akaiswa munzvimbo ine hutsinye hwemagetsi. Inoratidzwa ne:
- michina iri pasi pekuyedzwa ichave yakabatana kune yakaderera-voltage magetsi emagetsi uye yepakati-voltage mitsara;
- zvishandiso zvichange zvakabatana neiyo grounding system yehigh-voltage midziyo;
- ma converter emagetsi anoshandiswa anopinza akakosha macurrents mugrounding system.
Mamiriro akafanana anogona kuwanikwa pazviteshi kana zviteshi.
AC voltage kugadzirisa kana uchichaja mabhatiri
Mushure mekugadzirisa, iyo inobuda voltage inogara ichiputika. Ndokunge, iwo voltage values ββanochinja zvisina tsarukano kana nguva nenguva.
Kana maswichi achifambiswa neDC voltage, hombe dzemagetsi ripples dzinogona kukanganisa kushanda kwemidziyo.
Sezvo mutemo, ese emazuva ano masisitimu anoshandisa akasarudzika anti-aliasing mafirita uye nhanho yeripple haina kukwirira. Asi mamiriro ezvinhu anochinja kana mabhatiri akaiswa mumagetsi emagetsi. Paunenge uchichaja mabhatiri, ripple inowedzera.
Nokudaro, mukana wekupindira kwakadaro kunofanirawo kuverengwa.
mhedziso
Shanduko dzine yakagadziridzwa electromagnetic kuenderana inobvumidza iwe kuendesa data munzvimbo dzakaomarara dzemagetsi. Mumuenzaniso wemugodhi weRasvumchorr kwekutanga kwechinyorwa, tambo yedata yakafumurwa kune ine simba maindasitiri magineti magineti uye yakapindira mubhendi yefrequency kubva pa0 kusvika 150 kHz. Kuchinja kwemaindasitiri kwakajairika hakwaigona kutarisana nekufambiswa kwedata pasi pemamiriro akadaro uye mapaketi akarasika.
Shanduko dzine yakagadziridzwa electromagnetic kuenderana dzinogona kushanda zvizere kana dzakafumurwa kune inotevera kukanganisa:
- radio frequency electromagnetic fields;
- maindasitiri frequency magineti minda;
- nanosecond impulse noise;
- high-energy microsecond pulse noise;
- kupindira kunokonzerwa neredhiyo frequency electromagnetic field;
- kupindira muhuwandu hwehuwandu kubva ku0 kusvika ku150 kHz;
- DC magetsi ekupa voltage ripple.
Source: www.habr.com