Kwaunoenda neruzivo urwu, zvekuita mupurojekiti uye kuti uwane marii, zvekutaura uye kubvunza pabvunzurudzo - anodaro Alexander Titov, maneja mudiwa we Express 42 uye munyori. .
Mhoro! Kunyangwe izwi rekuti DevOps ravepo kubva 2009, hapasati pave nekubvumirana munharaunda yeRussia. Iwe wakatoona kuti vamwe vanofunga kuti DevOps inyanzvi, vamwe vanoiona sehuzivi, uye vamwe vanofunga izwi iri seti yetekinoroji. Ndakatotamba kakawanda ne nezvekuvandudzwa kwegwaro iri, saka ini handisi kuzoenda mune zvakadzama muchinyorwa chino. Rega ndingotaura kuti pa Express 42 isu tinosanganisira zvinotevera mairi:
DevOps inzira chaiyo, tsika yekugadzira chigadzirwa chedhijitari, apo nyanzvi dzese muchikwata dzinotora chikamu mukugadzira.
Mukukura kwemakambani emhando yepamusoro, zvese zvinofamba zvakatevedzana: kuronga, kuyedza uye ipapo chete kushanda, uye kumhanya kweichi chiitiko kubva pane zano kuenda kukugadzira mwedzi mitatu. Iri idambudziko repasi rose rezvigadzirwa zvedhijitari, nekuti hazvibviri kukurumidza kugamuchira mhinduro kubva kune vatengi.
MuDevOps, maturusi uye maitiro akagadzirirwa kuve nechokwadi chekuti budiriro, yekuyedza uye mashandiro maitiro anomhanya panguva imwe chete.
Chii chinotevera kubva mukuita uku?
- Iwe haugone kuhaya imwe "injiniya" ichauya uye kugadzirisa matambudziko ese nekugadzirwa. Chikwata chose chinofanirwa kushandisa hunyanzvi.
- DevOps HASI ndiyo inotevera fomu yesysadmin yekusimudzira kune. "DevOps mainjiniya" inonzwika zvakafanana ne "Agile developer."
- Kana boka richishandisa Kubernetes, Ansible, Prometheus, Mesosphere uye Docker, izvi hazvirevi kuti maitiro eDevOps akaitwa ipapo.
Hupenyu mushure meDevOps hahuzombofi hwakafanana
Nzira yeDevOps ndeye, kutanga, imwe nzira yekufunga, maonero ekukura pamwe chete uye nzvimbo yemunhu mukuita. Isu takakamura kosi yedu yepamhepo kuita mabhuroko maviri:
1. Kuzvisarudzira
Kutanga, isu tinoongorora zvakadzama kukosha kwemaitiro eDevOps, uye vadzidzi vanowana mabasa matsva muchikwata, vaone kuti ndeupi anopindura zvakanyanya, uye vazvisarudzire kuti nderipi gwara rekuvandudza.
2. Zvishandiso uye maitiro
Vadzidzi vane hunyanzvi matekinoroji kubva pakuona kweiyo DevOps nzira.
Zvishandiso zveDevOps zvinogona kushandiswa zvese muDevOps maitiro uye mukukura kwekirasi. Muenzaniso uri pachena ungave kushandisa Ansible configuration management tool. Yakagadzirwa uye yakagadzirirwa kuita iyo DevOps kudzidzira "Infrastructure seCode", zvinoreva kuti nyika dzakasiyana dzeiyo system inotsanangurwa, kubva kune inoshanda sisitimu marongero kusvika kune application software. Iyo tsananguro yakakamurwa kuita zvidimbu uye inobvumidza iwe kubata yakaoma, inogara ichichinja gadziriso. Asi mainjiniya anowanzo shandisa Ansible senzira yekumhanyisa bash zvinyorwa pamichina yakawanda. Izvi hazvina kuipa kana kunaka, asi iwe unofanirwa kunzwisisa kuti kuvapo kweAnsible hakuvimbisi kuvepo kweDevOps mukambani.
Tiri mukuita Iwe unozonyudzwa mukati mekugadzira application yakafanana neyakakurumbira Reddit, kutanga neiyo monolithic vhezheni, ichifamba nhanho nhanho kune microservices. Nhanho nhanho isu tichagona maturusi matsva: Git, Ansible, Gitlab uye pedzisa neKubernetes uye Prometheus.
Panyaya yemaitiro, isu tichatevera matekiniki enzira nhatu dzinotsanangurwa muDevOps Handbook - kuenderera mberi kwekutumira maitiro, maitiro emhinduro, uye musimboti wekosi yese itsika yekudzidza inoenderera pamwe nehurongwa hwako.
Ruzivo urwu runopa chii kune mumwe nemumwe wenyanzvi?
Kune vatariri vehurongwa
Tsika dzinokutendera kuti ubve kubva kune manejimendi uchienda pakugadzira inoenderera yekuendesa pombi uye chikuva chepuratifomu yekuunza software. Icho chiripo ndechekuti anogadzira chigadzirwa - chikuva chikuva chevagadziri chinovabatsira kukurumidza kusundira shanduko yavo mukugadzira.
Pakutanga, masystem administrator aive ekupedzisira bastion, mushure mezvo zvese zvinopinda mukugadzira. Uye zvakanyanya ivo vaiita kuenderera mberi nekudzima moto - muchiedza chazvo zvakaoma kunyura mune zvinodiwa nebhizinesi, funga nezve chigadzirwa uye mabhenefiti emushandisi.
Kutenda kune iyo DevOps nzira, kufunga kunoshanduka. Mutariri wehurongwa anonzwisisa nzira yekushandura iyo gadziriso mukodhi, ndeapi maitiro aripo kune izvi.
Izvi zvakakosha nekuti makambani ari kuwedzera kuona kuti haangodi kuita zvese otomatiki, i.e. mune izvo vatariri vechikoro chekare vakajaira kuita, avo pamwe neizvi vaitaura zvishoma uye havana kuzivisa timu nezve shanduko dzese dzakaitwa. Iye zvino zvikwata zviri kutsvaga avo vanozove mugadziri wemukati wezvivakwa chigadzirwa uye kubatsira kusanganisa akapatsanurwa maitiro kuita imwe.
Zvevagadziri
Mugadziri anomira kufunga chete mune algorithms. Anowana hunyanzvi hwekushanda nezvivakwa, hunyanzvi hwekuziva kwekuvaka kwenzvimbo. Mugadziri akadaro anonzwisisa mashandiro anoita application, mafambiro aanoita pombi inoenderera mberi yekuendesa, maitiro ekuiongorora, manyorerwo ayo kuitira kuti ibatsire mutengi. Nekuda kweizvozvo, ruzivo urwu rwese rwunokutendera iwe kunyora yakakodzera kodhi.
Kune vanoedza
Kuedza kwagara kuchienda kune otomatiki modhi; isu tese tinoti miyedzo yakawanda haifanirwe kuitwa, asi yakanyorwa :) Kuedzwa kunova chikamu chese pombi yekuendesa yechigadzirwa chako. Muongorori haafanire kungodzidza kunyora kodhi chete, asiwo kuti anzwisise nzira yekuibatanidza mumasisitimu anoramba achiendesa, maitiro ekugamuchira mhinduro kubva kukodhi pamatanho ese ekutumira, uye maitiro ekugara achivandudza kuyedzwa kuti uone zvikanganiso se. mangwanani sezvinobvira.
Saka zvinozoitika matanho matatu ose anoitika panguva imwe chete. Semuenzaniso, inogona kutaridzika seizvi:
Iye anovandudza anonyora kodhi, pakarepo anonyora bvunzo kwayo, uye anotsanangura docker mudziyo wekodhi iyo inofanirwa kuitwa. Iyo zvakare inotsanangura nekukasira kutarisisa kunozoongorora kushanda kwesevhisi iyi mukugadzira, uye inoita zvese izvi.
Kana kuenderera mberi kubatanidzwa kunotanga, maitiro anomhanya panguva imwe chete. Iyo sevhisi inotanga uye inogadziriswa. Panguva imwecheteyo, mudziyo wedocker unotanga uye unotariswa kuti uri kushanda. Panguva imwecheteyo, ruzivo rwese runoenda kune iyo yekutema matanda. Uye zvichingodaro pamatanho ese ebudiriro - inoshanduka kuve yekubatana kwechokwadi kwevatariri vehurongwa, vanogadzira uye vanoedza.
Ndakadzidza DevOps, chii chinotevera?
Sezvaunoziva, mumwe ari mumunda haasi murwi. Kana kambani yako ikasashandisa nzira iyi, hunyanzvi hunowanikwa hunorara husina basa. Uye mushure mekujairana neDevOps nzira, iwe kazhinji haungade kuve cog mukusimudzira kwekambani. Panogona kunge paine imwe chete inosarudzika: iwe uri system maneja pachikwata uye unogona kuvakazve maitiro ese nenzira nyowani. Zvakakosha kuwedzera pano kuti kune makambani mazhinji anoshandisa nzira iyi, uye haabatike nekuvharika uye ari kutsvaga nyanzvi. Nekuti DevOps ndeyekugadzira zvigadzirwa zvepamhepo.
Uye zvino nezve zvinhu zvakanaka: kugona kweDevOps maitiro uye maturusi angangoita +30% kune yako kukosha pamusika wevashandi. Mihoro inotangira kubva ku140 zviuru zveRubles, asi inotemerwa, zvakajairika, nehunyanzvi hwako uye mashandiro.
Unogona kutarisa mabasa akanzi "infrastructure-oriented", uko kune bvunzo otomatiki, kuvandudza kwe microservice application uchishandisa makore tekinoroji, nzvimbo dzevainjiniya vezvivakwa uye marudzi ese ereferensi kuDevOps. Ingo rangarira kuti kambani yega yega inoreva chimwe chinhu chakasiyana netsanangudzo iyi - verenga tsananguro zvakanyatsonaka.
Panguva yekutangwa kwekosi yedu, nzwisiso yakauya kwandiri - vanhu vazhinji mushure mekosi vanowira mumusungo weinjiniya weDevOps. Vanowana nzvimbo ine zita rataurwa pamusoro, vanogamuchira kupihwa kwakanaka, vobva vauya kubasa voziva kuti vachafanira kuchengetedza-mapeji matatu bash script muJenkins. Ndekupi Kubernetes, ChatOps, canary kuburitswa uye zvese izvo? Asi hapana, nekuti kambani haidi DevOps senzira, asi inoshandisa hunyanzvi hwega.
Ichi ndicho chikonzero chekutsvaga zvakanyanya kubva kukambani kuti software yekuendesa inoshanda sei, iyo tekinoroji stack uye ndeapi mabasa auchaita.
Kana mushandirwi achipindura mibvunzo yako zvisina tsarukano, sekunge kubva mubhuku, pasina ruzivo, saka kazhinji hapana DevOps maitiro mukambani parizvino, asi ichi hachisi chikonzero chekuramba, dzidza kambani uye zvigadzirwa zvayo, kunyangwe zviripo online. masevhisi ayo kambani inozvigadzira pachayo, nharembozha, mazano echigadzirwa.
Kana hongu, saka jekesa kuti uchafanirwa kushanda zvakananga neaya masisitimu kana kana paine mukana wekufamba wakatwasuka kuzvikwata zveaya masevhisi uchiratidzira mhedzisiro yakanaka muDevOps maitiro. Kana hongu, saka zvakakodzera kuenda uye kushanda uye kubatsira, uye kana iwe ukapedzisa kosi yedu, iyo yekupedzisira inovimbiswa.
Izvo zvakakosha kuti uzive kuti varapi veDevops vanowana kukosha kwechokwadi chete neruzivo mukusimudzira / kutonga / kuyedza. Ipapo ndipo chete ruzivo rusingazove rwakajeka, asi pfumisa nyanzvi (mupfungwa dzese). Naizvozvo, iyo pfungwa ye "kudzidza DevOps kubva kutanga" yakangofanana nekudzidza "kushandisa lenzi kubva kutanga" kana usati wambobata kamera mumaoko ako kana kutungamira kupfura. Kuti ikubatsire kusarudza kana kosi yacho yakakunakira, takaita bvunzo yekupinda iyo inoongorora yako yakakwana yeruzivo.
Ndinofunga imwe yemanomano - kuti panguva yekudzidziswa mudzidzi mumwe nemumwe anozvisarudzira kuti anoda kukudziridza kupi. Isu tinowanzoona shanduko kana mugadziri azova injinjiniya yezvivakwa, uye maneja anoona kuti anofarira kunyora kodhi - anobva awedzera kudzidza mutauro uye anouwedzera nehunyanzvi hwakawanikwa hweDevOps. Naizvozvo, tinonyanya kugamuchira avo vanonzwa kuti basa ravo rakanamira pamharadzano. Kosi yacho inotanga muna Chivabvu 28, asi unogona kujoina mavhiki maviri mushure mekutanga kwemakirasi. Iwe unogona kuona purogiramu uye kutora bvunzo . Toonana kuOTUS!
Source: www.habr.com