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Kutsiva madhisiki madiki nemadhisiki akakura muLinux

Mhoroi mose. Manheru ekutanga kweboka idzva rekosi "Linux Administrator" Tiri kuburitsa zvinyorwa zvinobatsira zvakanyorwa nemudzidzi wedu, pamwe nemudzidzisi wekosi, nyanzvi yekutsigira tekinoroji yeREG.RU zvigadzirwa zvemakambani - Roman Travin.

Ichi chinyorwa chichatarisa nyaya mbiri dzekutsiva dhisiki uye kuendesa ruzivo kumadhisiki matsva ehukuru hukuru pamwe nekuwedzera kweiyo array uye faira system. Nyaya yekutanga ine chekuita nekutsiviwa kwemadhisiki ane imwecheteyo MBR/MBR kana GPT/GPT kupatsanurwa, yechipiri ine chekuita nekutsiviwa kwemadhisiki neMBR kupatsanura nemadhisiki ane huwandu hunodarika 2 TB, pauri paunoda kuisa. chikamu cheGPT chine biosboot partition. Muzviitiko zvese izvi, madhisiki atinoendesa data atoiswa pane sevha. Iyo faira sisitimu inoshandiswa kune midzi yekuparadzanisa ndeye ext2.

Case 1: Kutsiva madiki dhisiki nemadhisiki akakura (kusvika ku2TB)

Basa: Tsiva madhisiki azvino nemadhisiki akakura (kusvika ku2 TB) nekutumira ruzivo. Muchiitiko ichi, tine 2 x 240 GB SSD (RAID-1) disks ine system yakaiswa uye 2 x 1 TB SATA disks iyo iyo system inoda kuendeswa.

Ngatitarisei ikozvino disk marongerwo.

[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME           MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE  MOUNTPOINT
sda              8:0    0 223,6G  0 disk  
├─sda1           8:1    0     1G  0 part  
│ └─md126        9:126  0  1023M  0 raid1 /boot
└─sda2           8:2    0 222,5G  0 part  
  └─md127        9:127  0 222,4G  0 raid1 
    ├─vg0-root 253:0    0 206,4G  0 lvm   /
    └─vg0-swap 253:1    0    16G  0 lvm   [SWAP]
sdb              8:16   0 223,6G  0 disk  
├─sdb1           8:17   0     1G  0 part  
│ └─md126        9:126  0  1023M  0 raid1 /boot
└─sdb2           8:18   0 222,5G  0 part  
  └─md127        9:127  0 222,4G  0 raid1 
    ├─vg0-root 253:0    0 206,4G  0 lvm   /
    └─vg0-swap 253:1    0    16G  0 lvm   [SWAP]
sdc              8:32   0 931,5G  0 disk  
sdd              8:48   0 931,5G  0 disk

Ngatitarisei iyo ikozvino inoshandiswa faira system nzvimbo.

[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Файловая система     Размер Использовано  Дост Использовано% Cмонтировано в
devtmpfs                32G            0   32G            0% /dev
tmpfs                   32G            0   32G            0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                   32G         9,6M   32G            1% /run
tmpfs                   32G            0   32G            0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/vg0-root   204G         1,3G  192G            1% /
/dev/md126            1007M         120M  837M           13% /boot
tmpfs                  6,3G            0  6,3G            0% /run/user/0

Saizi yefaira system isati yatsiva dhisiki ndeye 204 GB, 2 md126 software arrays inoshandiswa, iyo yakaiswa mukati. /boot и md127, iyo inoshandiswa se vhoriyamu yemuviri yeVG group vg0.

1. Kubvisa disk partitions kubva kune arrays

Kuongorora mamiriro ehurongwa

[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat 
Personalities : [raid1] 
md126 : active raid1 sda1[0] sdb1[1]
      1047552 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]
      bitmap: 0/1 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk

md127 : active raid1 sda2[0] sdb2[1]
      233206784 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]
      bitmap: 0/2 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk

unused devices: <none>

Iyo sisitimu inoshandisa 2 arrays: md126 (точка монтирования /boot) - ine chikamu /dev/sda1 и /dev/sdb1, md127 (LVM ye chinjanisa uye mudzi wefaira system) - inosanganisira /dev/sda2 и /dev/sdb2.

Isu tinocherekedza zvikamu zvekutanga dhisiki iyo inoshandiswa mune yega yega yakashata.

mdadm /dev/md126 --fail /dev/sda1

mdadm /dev/md127 --fail /dev/sda2

Isu tinobvisa iyo / dev/sda block mudziyo zvikamu kubva kune arrays.

mdadm /dev/md126 --remove /dev/sda1

mdadm /dev/md127 --remove /dev/sda2

Mushure mekunge tabvisa dhisiki kubva kune yakarongwa, iyo block mudziyo ruzivo ichaita seizvi.

[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME           MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE  MOUNTPOINT
sda              8:0    0 223,6G  0 disk  
├─sda1           8:1    0     1G  0 part  
└─sda2           8:2    0 222,5G  0 part  
sdb              8:16   0 223,6G  0 disk  
├─sdb1           8:17   0     1G  0 part  
│ └─md126        9:126  0  1023M  0 raid1 /boot
└─sdb2           8:18   0 222,5G  0 part  
  └─md127        9:127  0 222,4G  0 raid1 
    ├─vg0-root 253:0    0 206,4G  0 lvm   /
    └─vg0-swap 253:1    0    16G  0 lvm   [SWAP]
sdc              8:32   0 931,5G  0 disk  
sdd              8:48   0 931,5G  0 disk

Состояние массивов после удаления дисков.

[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat 
Personalities : [raid1] 
md126 : active raid1 sdb1[1]
      1047552 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [_U]
      bitmap: 0/1 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk

md127 : active raid1 sdb2[1]
      233206784 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [_U]
      bitmap: 1/2 pages [4KB], 65536KB chunk

unused devices: <none>

2. Kopa tafura yekuparadzanisa kune disk itsva

Unogona kutarisa tafura yekuparadzanisa yakashandiswa pane diski nemurairo unotevera.

fdisk -l /dev/sdb | grep 'Disk label type'

Kubuda kweMBR kungave:

Disk label type: dos

yeGPT:

Disk label type: gpt

Kukopa tafura yekugovera yeMBR:

sfdisk -d /dev/sdb | sfdisk /dev/sdc

Muchikwata ichi yekutanga disk inoratidzwa с iyo markup inokopwa, yechipiri - kupi kopi.

KUDZIDZA: YeGPT yekutanga disk inoratidzwa pazviri копировать разметку, chepiri dhisiki inoratidza dhisiki kubva kupi copy markup. Kana iwe ukasanganisa madhisiki, iyo yekutanga yakanaka partition ichave yakanyorwa uye kuparadzwa.

Kukopa tafura yegadziriro yeGPT:

sgdisk -R /dev/sdс /dev/sdb

Tevere, ipa isina UUID kune dhisiki (yeGPT).


sgdisk -G /dev/sdc

Mushure mekunge murairo waitwa, zvikamu zvinofanira kuonekwa pa diski /dev/sdc.

[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME           MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE  MOUNTPOINT
sda              8:0    0 223,6G  0 disk  
├─sda1           8:1    0     1G  0 part  
└─sda2           8:2    0 222,5G  0 part  
sdb              8:16   0 223,6G  0 disk  
├─sdb1           8:17   0     1G  0 part  
│ └─md126        9:126  0  1023M  0 raid1 /boot
└─sdb2           8:18   0 222,5G  0 part  
  └─md127        9:127  0 222,4G  0 raid1 
    ├─vg0-root 253:0    0 206,4G  0 lvm   /
    └─vg0-swap 253:1    0    16G  0 lvm   [SWAP]
sdc              8:32   0 931,5G  0 disk  
├─sdc1           8:33   0     1G  0 part  
└─sdc2           8:34   0 222,5G  0 part  
sdd              8:48   0 931,5G  0 disk

Kana, mushure mekuita kwaitwa, zvikamu muhurongwa pane diski /dev/sdc isina kusarudzwa, tobva taita murairo wekuverenga zvakare tafura yekuparadzanisa.

sfdisk -R /dev/sdc

Если на текущих дисках используется таблица MBR и информацию необходимо перенести на диски объёмом более 2 TB, то на новых дисках потребуется вручную создавать разметку GPT с использованием раздела biosboot. Данный случай будет рассмотрен во 2 части данной статьи.

3. Kuwedzera zvikamu zve disk itsva kune array

Ngatiwedzerei disk partitions kune inoenderana arrays.

mdadm /dev/md126 --add /dev/sdc1

mdadm /dev/md127 --add /dev/sdc2

Проверяем, что разделы добавлены.

[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME           MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE  MOUNTPOINT
sda              8:0    0 223,6G  0 disk  
├─sda1           8:1    0     1G  0 part  
└─sda2           8:2    0 222,5G  0 part  
sdb              8:16   0 223,6G  0 disk  
├─sdb1           8:17   0     1G  0 part  
│ └─md126        9:126  0  1023M  0 raid1 /boot
└─sdb2           8:18   0 222,5G  0 part  
  └─md127        9:127  0 222,4G  0 raid1 
    ├─vg0-root 253:0    0 206,4G  0 lvm   /
    └─vg0-swap 253:1    0    16G  0 lvm   [SWAP]
sdc              8:32   0 931,5G  0 disk  
├─sdc1           8:33   0     1G  0 part  
│ └─md126        9:126  0  1023M  0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc2           8:34   0 222,5G  0 part  
  └─md127        9:127  0 222,4G  0 raid1 
    ├─vg0-root 253:0    0 206,4G  0 lvm   /
    └─vg0-swap 253:1    0    16G  0 lvm   [SWAP]
sdd              8:48   0 931,5G  0 disk

Mushure meizvi, tinomirira kuti arrays awirirane. 

[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat 
Personalities : [raid1] 
md126 : active raid1 sdc1[2] sdb1[1]
      1047552 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]
      bitmap: 0/1 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk

md127 : active raid1 sdc2[2] sdb2[1]
      233206784 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [_U]
      [==>..................]  recovery = 10.6% (24859136/233206784) finish=29.3min speed=118119K/sec
      bitmap: 2/2 pages [8KB], 65536KB chunk

unused devices: <none>

Iwe unogona kuenderera mberi nekutarisa maitiro ekuwiriranisa uchishandisa utility watch.

watch -n 2 cat /proc/mdstat

Parameter -n inotsanangura panguva dzipi mumasekonzi murairo unofanirwa kuitwa kuti utarise mafambiro.

Dzokorora nhanho 1 - 3 kune inotevera yekutsiva dhisiki.

Isu tinocherekedza zvikamu zvechipiri dhisiki iyo inoshandiswa mune yega yega yakashata.

mdadm /dev/md126 --fail /dev/sdb1

mdadm /dev/md127 --fail /dev/sdb2

Kubvisa zvikamu zvemudziyo weblock /dev/sdb kubva kune arrays.

mdadm /dev/md126 --remove /dev/sdb1

mdadm /dev/md127 --remove /dev/sdb2

Mushure mekunge tabvisa dhisiki kubva kune yakarongwa, iyo block mudziyo ruzivo ichaita seizvi.

[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME           MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE  MOUNTPOINT
sda              8:0    0 223,6G  0 disk  
├─sda1           8:1    0     1G  0 part  
└─sda2           8:2    0 222,5G  0 part  
sdb              8:16   0 223,6G  0 disk  
├─sdb1           8:17   0     1G  0 part  
└─sdb2           8:18   0 222,5G  0 part  
sdc              8:32   0 931,5G  0 disk  
├─sdc1           8:33   0     1G  0 part  
│ └─md126        9:126  0  1023M  0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc2           8:34   0 222,5G  0 part  
  └─md127        9:127  0 222,4G  0 raid1 
    ├─vg0-root 253:0    0 206,4G  0 lvm   /
    └─vg0-swap 253:1    0    16G  0 lvm   [SWAP]
sdd              8:48   0 931,5G  0 disk

Состояние массивов после удаления дисков.

[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat 
Personalities : [raid1] 
md126 : active raid1 sdc1[2]
      1047552 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [U_]
      bitmap: 0/1 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk

md127 : active raid1 sdc2[2]
      233206784 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [U_]
      bitmap: 1/2 pages [4KB], 65536KB chunk

unused devices: <none>

Kukopa iyo MBR yekugovera tafura kubva kudhisiki /dev/sdс kuti disk /dev/sdd.

sfdisk -d /dev/sdс | sfdisk /dev/sdd

Mushure mekunge murairo waitwa, zvikamu zvinofanira kuonekwa pa diski /dev/sdd.

[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME           MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE  MOUNTPOINT
sda              8:0    0 223,6G  0 disk  
├─sda1           8:1    0     1G  0 part  
└─sda2           8:2    0 222,5G  0 part  
sdb              8:16   0 223,6G  0 disk  
├─sdb1           8:17   0     1G  0 part  
└─sdb2           8:18   0 222,5G  0 part  
sdc              8:32   0 931,5G  0 disk  
├─sdc1           8:33   0     1G  0 part  
│ └─md126        9:126  0  1023M  0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc2           8:34   0 222,5G  0 part  
  └─md127        9:127  0 222,4G  0 raid1 
    ├─vg0-root 253:0    0 206,4G  0 lvm   /
    └─vg0-swap 253:1    0    16G  0 lvm   [SWAP]
sdd              8:48   0 931,5G  0 disk  
├─sdd1           8:49   0     1G  0 part  
└─sdd2           8:50   0 222,5G  0 part

Kuwedzera disk partitions kune arrays.

mdadm /dev/md126 --add /dev/sdd1

mdadm /dev/md127 --add /dev/sdd2

Проверяем, что разделы добавлены.

[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME           MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE  MOUNTPOINT
sda              8:0    0 223,6G  0 disk  
├─sda1           8:1    0     1G  0 part  
└─sda2           8:2    0 222,5G  0 part  
sdb              8:16   0 223,6G  0 disk  
├─sdb1           8:17   0     1G  0 part  
└─sdb2           8:18   0 222,5G  0 part  
sdc              8:32   0 931,5G  0 disk  
├─sdc1           8:33   0     1G  0 part  
│ └─md126        9:126  0  1023M  0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc2           8:34   0 222,5G  0 part  
  └─md127        9:127  0 222,4G  0 raid1 
    ├─vg0-root 253:0    0 206,4G  0 lvm   /
    └─vg0-swap 253:1    0    16G  0 lvm   [SWAP]
sdd              8:48   0 931,5G  0 disk  
├─sdd1           8:49   0     1G  0 part  
│ └─md126        9:126  0  1023M  0 raid1 /boot
└─sdd2           8:50   0 222,5G  0 part  
  └─md127        9:127  0 222,4G  0 raid1 
    ├─vg0-root 253:0    0 206,4G  0 lvm   /
    └─vg0-swap 253:1    0    16G  0 lvm   [SWAP]

Mushure meizvi, tinomirira kuti arrays awirirane. 

[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat 
Personalities : [raid1] 
md126 : active raid1 sdd1[3] sdc1[2]
      1047552 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]
      bitmap: 0/1 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk

md127 : active raid1 sdd2[3] sdc2[2]
      233206784 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [U_]
      [>....................]  recovery =  0.5% (1200000/233206784) finish=35.4min speed=109090K/sec
      bitmap: 2/2 pages [8KB], 65536KB chunk

unused devices: <none>

5. Установка GRUB на новые диски

YeCentOS:

grub2-install /dev/sdX

Kushandisa Debian/Ubuntu:

grub-install /dev/sdX

apo X - tsamba ye block device. Muchiitiko ichi, unofanirwa kuisa GRUB pa /dev/sdc и /dev/sdd.

6. Расширение файловой системы (ext4) корневого раздела

На новых дисках /dev/sdc и /dev/sdd 931.5 GB iripo. Nekuda kwekuti tafura yekuparadzanisa yakakopwa kubva kudiki disks, zvikamu /dev/sdc2 и /dev/sdd2 222.5 GB iripo.

sdc              8:32   0 931,5G  0 disk  
├─sdc1           8:33   0     1G  0 part  
│ └─md126        9:126  0  1023M  0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc2           8:34   0 222,5G  0 part  
  └─md127        9:127  0 222,4G  0 raid1 
    ├─vg0-root 253:0    0 206,4G  0 lvm   /
    └─vg0-swap 253:1    0    16G  0 lvm   [SWAP]
sdd              8:48   0 931,5G  0 disk  
├─sdd1           8:49   0     1G  0 part  
│ └─md126        9:126  0  1023M  0 raid1 /boot
└─sdd2           8:50   0 222,5G  0 part  
  └─md127        9:127  0 222,4G  0 raid1 
    ├─vg0-root 253:0    0 206,4G  0 lvm   /
    └─vg0-swap 253:1    0    16G  0 lvm   [SWAP]

Zvakakosha:

  1. Wedzera chikamu 2 pane imwe neimwe yedhisiki,
  2. Wedzera array md127,
  3. Wedzera PV (yemuviri vhoriyamu),
  4. Wedzera LV (inonzwisisika-vhoriyamu) vg0-midzi,
  5. Wedzera iyo faira system.

Kushandisa chishandiso akaparadzaniswa ngatiwedzere chikamu /dev/sdc2 kusvika pamutengo mukuru. Ita murairo parted /dev/sdc (1) uye tarisa yazvino tafura yekugovera nemurairo p (2).

Kutsiva madhisiki madiki nemadhisiki akakura muLinux

Sezvauri kuona, kupera kwechikamu 2 kunopera pa240 GB. Ngatiwedzerei chikamu nemurairo resizepart 2, apo 2 ndiyo nhamba yechikamu (3). Isu tinoratidza kukosha mumhando yedhijitari, semuenzaniso 1000 GB, kana kushandisa chiratidzo cheiyo disk share - 100%. Isu tinoongorora zvakare kuti kupatsanurwa kune saizi nyowani (4).

Dzokorora matanho ari pamusoro e disk /dev/sdd. Mushure mekuwedzera partitions /dev/sdc2 и /dev/sdd2 yakaenzana ne930.5 GB.

[root@localhost ~]# lsblk                                                 
NAME           MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE  MOUNTPOINT
sda              8:0    0 223,6G  0 disk  
├─sda1           8:1    0     1G  0 part  
└─sda2           8:2    0 222,5G  0 part  
sdb              8:16   0 223,6G  0 disk  
├─sdb1           8:17   0     1G  0 part  
└─sdb2           8:18   0 222,5G  0 part  
sdc              8:32   0 931,5G  0 disk  
├─sdc1           8:33   0     1G  0 part  
│ └─md126        9:126  0  1023M  0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc2           8:34   0 930,5G  0 part  
  └─md127        9:127  0 222,4G  0 raid1 
    ├─vg0-root 253:0    0 206,4G  0 lvm   /
    └─vg0-swap 253:1    0    16G  0 lvm   [SWAP]
sdd              8:48   0 931,5G  0 disk  
├─sdd1           8:49   0     1G  0 part  
│ └─md126        9:126  0  1023M  0 raid1 /boot
└─sdd2           8:50   0 930,5G  0 part  
  └─md127        9:127  0 222,4G  0 raid1 
    ├─vg0-root 253:0    0 206,4G  0 lvm   /
    └─vg0-swap 253:1    0    16G  0 lvm   [SWAP]

Mushure meizvi tinowedzera mutsara Md127 kusvika pakakwirira.

mdadm --grow /dev/md127 --size=max

Isu tinoongorora kuti array yakawedzera. Iye zvino saizi yayo yave 930.4 GB.

[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME           MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE  MOUNTPOINT
sda              8:0    0 223,6G  0 disk  
├─sda1           8:1    0     1G  0 part  
└─sda2           8:2    0 222,5G  0 part  
sdb              8:16   0 223,6G  0 disk  
├─sdb1           8:17   0     1G  0 part  
└─sdb2           8:18   0 222,5G  0 part  
sdc              8:32   0 931,5G  0 disk  
├─sdc1           8:33   0     1G  0 part  
│ └─md126        9:126  0  1023M  0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc2           8:34   0 930,5G  0 part  
  └─md127        9:127  0 930,4G  0 raid1 
    ├─vg0-root 253:0    0 206,4G  0 lvm   /
    └─vg0-swap 253:1    0    16G  0 lvm   [SWAP]
sdd              8:48   0 931,5G  0 disk  
├─sdd1           8:49   0     1G  0 part  
│ └─md126        9:126  0  1023M  0 raid1 /boot
└─sdd2           8:50   0 930,5G  0 part  
  └─md127        9:127  0 930,4G  0 raid1 
    ├─vg0-root 253:0    0 206,4G  0 lvm   /
    └─vg0-swap 253:1    0    16G  0 lvm   [SWAP]

Kuwedzera kuwedzera vhoriyamu yemuviri. Tisati tawedzera, ngatitarisei mamiriro azvino ePV.

[root@localhost ~]# pvscan
  PV /dev/md127   VG vg0             lvm2 [222,40 GiB / 0    free]
  Total: 1 [222,40 GiB] / in use: 1 [222,40 GiB] / in no VG: 0 [0   ]

Sezvaunogona kuona, PV /dev/md127 inoshandisa 222.4 GB yenzvimbo.

Isu tinowedzera PV nemurairo unotevera.

pvresize /dev/md127

Kuongorora mhedzisiro yePV yekuwedzera.

[

root@localhost ~]# pvscan
  PV /dev/md127   VG vg0             lvm2 [930,38 GiB / 707,98 GiB free]
  Total: 1 [930,38 GiB] / in use: 1 [930,38 GiB] / in no VG: 0 [0   ]

Kuwedzera inzwi rine musoro. Tisati tawedzera, ngatitarisei mamiriro azvino eLV (1).

[root@localhost ~]# lvscan
  ACTIVE            '/dev/vg0/swap' [<16,00 GiB] inherit
  ACTIVE            '/dev/vg0/root' [<206,41 GiB] inherit

LV /dev/vg0/root inoshandisa 206.41 GB.

Isu tinowedzera LV nemurairo unotevera (2).

lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/mapper/vg0-root

Isu tinotarisa chiito chakapedzwa (3).

[root@localhost ~]# lvscan 
  ACTIVE            '/dev/vg0/swap' [<16,00 GiB] inherit
  ACTIVE            '/dev/vg0/root' [<914,39 GiB] inherit

Sezvauri kuona, mushure mekuwedzera LV, huwandu hweyakagarwa dhisiki nzvimbo yakava 914.39 GB.

Kutsiva madhisiki madiki nemadhisiki akakura muLinux

Объём LV увеличился (4), но файловая система по прежнему занимает 204 GB (5).

1. Ngatiwedzerei faira system.

resize2fs /dev/mapper/vg0-root

Mushure mekunge murairo waitwa, tinotarisa saizi yefaira system.

[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Файловая система     Размер Использовано  Дост Использовано% Cмонтировано в
devtmpfs                32G            0   32G            0% /dev
tmpfs                   32G            0   32G            0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                   32G         9,5M   32G            1% /run
tmpfs                   32G            0   32G            0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/vg0-root   900G         1,3G  860G            1% /
/dev/md126            1007M         120M  837M           13% /boot
tmpfs                  6,3G            0  6,3G            0% /run/user/0

Saizi yemidzi faira system ichawedzera kusvika ku900 GB. Mushure mekupedza matanho, unogona kubvisa madhisiki ekare.

Nyaya yechipiri: Kutsiva madiki madhisiki nemadhisiki makuru (anopfuura 2TB)

Basa racho: Tsiva madhisiki azvino nemadhisiki akakura (2 x 3TB) uchichengetedza ruzivo. Muchiitiko ichi, tine 2 x 240 GB SSD (RAID-1) disks ine system yakaiswa uye 2 x 3 TB SATA disks iyo iyo system inoda kuendeswa. Madhisiki azvino anoshandisa MBR partition table. Sezvo madhisiki matsva ane simba rinopfuura 2 TB, achada kushandisa tafura yeGPT, sezvo MBR isingagoni kushanda nemadhisiki makuru kupfuura 2 TB.

Просмотрим текущую разметку дисков.

[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME           MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE  MOUNTPOINT
sda              8:0    0 223,6G  0 disk  
├─sda1           8:1    0     1G  0 part  
│ └─md126        9:126  0  1023M  0 raid1 /boot
└─sda2           8:2    0 222,5G  0 part  
  └─md127        9:127  0 222,4G  0 raid1 
    ├─vg0-root 253:0    0 206,4G  0 lvm   /
    └─vg0-swap 253:1    0    16G  0 lvm   [SWAP]
sdb              8:16   0 223,6G  0 disk  
├─sdb1           8:17   0     1G  0 part  
│ └─md126        9:126  0  1023M  0 raid1 /boot
└─sdb2           8:18   0 222,5G  0 part  
  └─md127        9:127  0 222,4G  0 raid1 
    ├─vg0-root 253:0    0 206,4G  0 lvm   /
    └─vg0-swap 253:1    0    16G  0 lvm   [SWAP]
sdc              8:32   0   2,7T  0 disk  
sdd              8:48   0   2,7T  0 disk

Ngatitarisei tafura yekuparadzanisa inoshandiswa pa diski /dev/sda.

[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l /dev/sda | grep 'Disk label type'
Disk label type: dos

Pa disk /dev/sdb tafura yekuparadzanisa yakafanana inoshandiswa. Ngatitarisei iyo yakashandiswa dhisiki nzvimbo pane system.

[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Файловая система     Размер Использовано  Дост Использовано% Cмонтировано в
devtmpfs                16G            0   16G            0% /dev
tmpfs                   16G            0   16G            0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                   16G         9,5M   16G            1% /run
tmpfs                   16G            0   16G            0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/vg0-root   204G         1,3G  192G            1% /
/dev/md126            1007M         120M  837M           13% /boot
tmpfs                  3,2G            0  3,2G            0% /run/user/0

Sezvauri kuona, mudzi wefaira system unotora 204 GB. Ngatitarisei mamiriro azvino esoftware RAID array.

1. Kuisa GPT partition table uye disk partitioning

Ngatitarisei dhisiki marongerwo nechikamu.

[root@localhost ~]# parted /dev/sda print
Модель: ATA KINGSTON SVP200S (scsi)
Диск /dev/sda: 240GB
Размер сектора (логич./физич.): 512B/512B
Таблица разделов: msdos
Disk Flags: 

Номер  Начало  Конец   Размер  Тип      Файловая система  Флаги
 1     1049kB  1076MB  1075MB  primary                    загрузочный, raid
 2     1076MB  240GB   239GB   primary                    raid

Pane itsva 3TB disk isu tichada kugadzira 3 zvikamu:

  1. Chikamu bios_grub 2MiB saizi yeGPT BIOS inoenderana,
  2. The partition ye RAID array inozoiswa mukati /boot.
  3. Раздел для RAID-массива, на котором будет LV mudzi и LV kuchinja.

Kuisa utility akaparadzaniswa team yum install -y parted (yeCentOS), apt install -y parted (yeDebian/Ubuntu).

Uchishandisa akaparadzaniswa Ngatimhanyei mirairo inotevera yekugovera dhisiki.

Ita murairo parted /dev/sdc uye enda kudhisiki dhizaini editing mode.

Gadzira tafura yekuparadzanisa yeGPT.

(parted) mktable gpt

Gadzira 1 chikamu bios_grub chikamu uye uise mureza wayo.

(parted) mkpart primary 1MiB 3MiB
(parted) set 1 bios_grub on

Gadzira chikamu 2 uye isa mureza wayo. Iyo partition ichashandiswa sechivharo cheRAID array uye yakaiswa mukati /boot.

(parted) mkpart primary ext2 3MiB 1028MiB
(parted) set 2 boot on

Isu tinogadzira chikamu 3, icho chinozoshandiswawo sechivharo chakarongeka umo LVM ichave iri.

(parted) mkpart primary 1028MiB 100%

Muchiitiko ichi, hazvidikanwi kuisa mureza, asi kana zvichidiwa, inogona kuiswa nemurairo unotevera.

(parted) set 3 raid on

Tinotarisa tafura yakagadzirwa.

(parted) p                                                                
Модель: ATA TOSHIBA DT01ACA3 (scsi)
Диск /dev/sdc: 3001GB
Размер сектора (логич./физич.): 512B/4096B
Таблица разделов: gpt
Disk Flags: 

Номер  Начало  Конец   Размер  Файловая система  Имя      Флаги
 1     1049kB  3146kB  2097kB                    primary  bios_grub
 2     3146kB  1077MB  1074MB                    primary  загрузочный
 3     1077MB  3001GB  3000GB                    primary

Isu tinopa itsva isina kurongeka GUID kune diski.

sgdisk -G /dev/sdd

2. Удаление разделов первого диска из массивов

Kuongorora mamiriro ehurongwa

[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat 
Personalities : [raid1] 
md126 : active raid1 sda1[0] sdb1[1]
      1047552 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]
      bitmap: 0/1 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk

md127 : active raid1 sda2[0] sdb2[1]
      233206784 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]
      bitmap: 0/2 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk

unused devices: <none>

Iyo sisitimu inoshandisa 2 arrays: md126 (mount point / boot) - inosanganisira /dev/sda1 и /dev/sdb1, md127 (LVM ye swap uye mudzi wefaira system) - inosanganisira /dev/sda2 и /dev/sdb2.

Isu tinocherekedza zvikamu zvekutanga dhisiki iyo inoshandiswa mune yega yega yakashata.

mdadm /dev/md126 --fail /dev/sda1

mdadm /dev/md127 --fail /dev/sda2

Kubvisa zvikamu zvemudziyo weblock /dev/sda kubva kune arrays.

mdadm /dev/md126 --remove /dev/sda1

mdadm /dev/md127 --remove /dev/sda2

Kutarisa mamiriro ehurongwa mushure mekubvisa dhisiki.

[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat 
Personalities : [raid1] 
md126 : active raid1 sdb1[1]
      1047552 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [_U]
      bitmap: 0/1 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk

md127 : active raid1 sdb2[1]
      233206784 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [_U]
      bitmap: 2/2 pages [8KB], 65536KB chunk

unused devices: <none>

3. Kuwedzera zvikamu zve disk itsva kune array

Nhanho inotevera ndeyekuwedzera zvikamu zveiyo diski nyowani kune arrays ekuyananisa. Ngatitarisei mamiriro azvino edhisiki marongero.

[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME           MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE  MOUNTPOINT
sda              8:0    0 223,6G  0 disk  
├─sda1           8:1    0     1G  0 part  
└─sda2           8:2    0 222,5G  0 part  
sdb              8:16   0 223,6G  0 disk  
├─sdb1           8:17   0     1G  0 part  
│ └─md126        9:126  0  1023M  0 raid1 /boot
└─sdb2           8:18   0 222,5G  0 part  
  └─md127        9:127  0 222,4G  0 raid1 
    ├─vg0-root 253:0    0 206,4G  0 lvm   /
    └─vg0-swap 253:1    0    16G  0 lvm   [SWAP]
sdc              8:32   0   2,7T  0 disk  
├─sdc1           8:33   0     2M  0 part  
├─sdc2           8:34   0     1G  0 part  
└─sdc3           8:35   0   2,7T  0 part  
sdd              8:48   0   2,7T  0 disk

Chikamu /dev/sdc1 zviri bios_grub chikamu uye haina kubatanidzwa mukugadzira arrays. Iwo arrays achashandisa chete /dev/sdc2 и /dev/sdc3. Isu tinowedzera zvikamu izvi kune arrays anoenderana.

mdadm /dev/md126 --add /dev/sdc2

mdadm /dev/md127 --add /dev/sdc3

Zvadaro tinomirira kuti array awirirane.

[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat 
Personalities : [raid1] 
md126 : active raid1 sdc2[2] sdb1[1]
      1047552 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]
      bitmap: 0/1 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk

md127 : active raid1 sdc3[2] sdb2[1]
      233206784 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [_U]
      [>....................]  recovery =  0.2% (619904/233206784) finish=31.2min speed=123980K/sec
      bitmap: 2/2 pages [8KB], 65536KB chunk
unused devices: <none>

Disk partitioning mushure mekuwedzera zvikamu kune array.

[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME           MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE  MOUNTPOINT
sda              8:0    0 223,6G  0 disk  
├─sda1           8:1    0     1G  0 part  
└─sda2           8:2    0 222,5G  0 part  
sdb              8:16   0 223,6G  0 disk  
├─sdb1           8:17   0     1G  0 part  
│ └─md126        9:126  0  1023M  0 raid1 /boot
└─sdb2           8:18   0 222,5G  0 part  
  └─md127        9:127  0 222,4G  0 raid1 
    ├─vg0-root 253:0    0 206,4G  0 lvm   /
    └─vg0-swap 253:1    0    16G  0 lvm   [SWAP]
sdc              8:32   0   2,7T  0 disk  
├─sdc1           8:33   0     2M  0 part  
├─sdc2           8:34   0     1G  0 part  
│ └─md126        9:126  0  1023M  0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc3           8:35   0   2,7T  0 part  
  └─md127        9:127  0 222,4G  0 raid1 
    ├─vg0-root 253:0    0 206,4G  0 lvm   /
    └─vg0-swap 253:1    0    16G  0 lvm   [SWAP]
sdd              8:48   0   2,7T  0 disk

4. Kubvisa zvikamu zvechipiri dhisiki kubva kune arrays

Isu tinocherekedza zvikamu zvechipiri dhisiki iyo inoshandiswa mune yega yega yakashata.

mdadm /dev/md126 --fail /dev/sdb1

mdadm /dev/md127 --fail /dev/sdb2

Kubvisa zvikamu zvemudziyo weblock /dev/sda kubva kune arrays.

mdadm /dev/md126 --remove /dev/sdb1

mdadm /dev/md127 --remove /dev/sdb2

5. Kopa tafura yeGPT yekugadzira uye kuenzanisa mutsara

Kukopa iyo GPT markup tafura isu tinoshandisa iyo yekushandisa sgdisk, iyo inosanganisirwa mupakeji yekushanda ne disk partitions uye tafura yeGPT - gdisk.

Kuiswa gdisk yeCentOS:

yum install -y gdisk

Kuiswa gdisk yeDebian/Ubuntu:

apt install -y gdisk

KUDZIDZA: YeGPT yekutanga disk inoratidzwa pazviri tevedzera markup, chepiri dhisiki inoratidza dhisiki kubva kupi kopira iyo markup. Kana iwe ukasanganisa madhisiki, iyo yekutanga yakanaka partition ichave yakanyorwa uye kuparadzwa.

Kopa tafura yeGPT markup.

sgdisk -R /dev/sdd /dev/sdc

Disk partitioning mushure mekuendesa tafura kune disk /dev/sdd.

[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME           MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE  MOUNTPOINT
sda              8:0    0 223,6G  0 disk  
├─sda1           8:1    0     1G  0 part  
└─sda2           8:2    0 222,5G  0 part  
sdb              8:16   0 223,6G  0 disk  
├─sdb1           8:17   0     1G  0 part  
└─sdb2           8:18   0 222,5G  0 part  
sdc              8:32   0   2,7T  0 disk  
├─sdc1           8:33   0     2M  0 part  
├─sdc2           8:34   0     1G  0 part  
│ └─md126        9:126  0  1023M  0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc3           8:35   0   2,7T  0 part  
  └─md127        9:127  0 222,4G  0 raid1 
    ├─vg0-root 253:0    0 206,4G  0 lvm   /
    └─vg0-swap 253:1    0    16G  0 lvm   [SWAP]
sdd              8:48   0   2,7T  0 disk  
├─sdd1           8:49   0     2M  0 part  
├─sdd2           8:50   0     1G  0 part  
└─sdd3           8:51   0   2,7T  0 part

Tevere, isu tinowedzera imwe neimwe yezvikamu zvinotora chikamu mune software RAID arrays.

mdadm /dev/md126 --add /dev/sdd2

mdadm /dev/md127 --add /dev/sdd3

Isu takamirira kuti array iwirirane.

[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat 
Personalities : [raid1] 
md126 : active raid1 sdd2[3] sdc2[2]
      1047552 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]
      bitmap: 1/1 pages [4KB], 65536KB chunk

md127 : active raid1 sdd3[3] sdc3[2]
      233206784 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [U_]
      [>....................]  recovery =  0.0% (148224/233206784) finish=26.2min speed=148224K/sec
      bitmap: 2/2 pages [8KB], 65536KB chunk
unused devices: <none>

Mushure mekukopa kupatsanurwa kweGPT kune yechipiri dhisiki nyowani, iyo partition ichaita seizvi.

[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME           MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE  MOUNTPOINT
sda              8:0    0 223,6G  0 disk  
├─sda1           8:1    0     1G  0 part  
└─sda2           8:2    0 222,5G  0 part  
sdb              8:16   0 223,6G  0 disk  
├─sdb1           8:17   0     1G  0 part  
└─sdb2           8:18   0 222,5G  0 part  
sdc              8:32   0   2,7T  0 disk  
├─sdc1           8:33   0     2M  0 part  
├─sdc2           8:34   0     1G  0 part  
│ └─md126        9:126  0  1023M  0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc3           8:35   0   2,7T  0 part  
  └─md127        9:127  0 222,4G  0 raid1 
    ├─vg0-root 253:0    0 206,4G  0 lvm   /
    └─vg0-swap 253:1    0    16G  0 lvm   [SWAP]
sdd              8:48   0   2,7T  0 disk  
├─sdd1           8:49   0     2M  0 part  
├─sdd2           8:50   0     1G  0 part  
│ └─md126        9:126  0  1023M  0 raid1 /boot
└─sdd3           8:51   0   2,7T  0 part  
  └─md127        9:127  0 222,4G  0 raid1 
    ├─vg0-root 253:0    0 206,4G  0 lvm   /
    └─vg0-swap 253:1    0    16G  0 lvm   [SWAP]

Tevere, isa GRUB pane madhisiki matsva.

Kuiswa kweCentOS:

grub2-install /dev/sdX

Kuisirwa kweDebian/Ubuntu:

grub-install /dev/sdX

apo X - tsamba yekutyaira, mune yedu inotyaira /dev/sdc и /dev/sdd.

Isu tinovandudza ruzivo nezve array.

YeCentOS:

mdadm --detail --scan --verbose > /etc/mdadm.conf

Kushandisa Debian/Ubuntu:

echo "DEVICE partitions" > /etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf

mdadm --detail --scan --verbose | awk '/ARRAY/ {print}' >> /etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf

Kuvandudza mufananidzo initrd:
YeCentOS:

dracut -f -v --regenerate-all

Kushandisa Debian/Ubuntu:

update-initramfs -u -k all

Обновляем конфигурацию GRUB.

YeCentOS:

grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg

Kushandisa Debian/Ubuntu:

update-grub

Mushure mekupedza matanho, madhisiki ekare anogona kubviswa.

6. Расширение файловой системы (ext4) корневого раздела

Disk partitioning isati yawedzera faira system mushure mekutamisa sisitimu kuenda ku2 x 3TB disks (RAID-1).

[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME           MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE  MOUNTPOINT
sda              8:0    0 223,6G  0 disk  
sdb              8:16   0 223,6G  0 disk  
sdc              8:32   0   2,7T  0 disk  
├─sdc1           8:33   0     2M  0 part  
├─sdc2           8:34   0     1G  0 part  
│ └─md127        9:127  0  1023M  0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc3           8:35   0   2,7T  0 part  
  └─md126        9:126  0 222,4G  0 raid1 
    ├─vg0-root 253:0    0 206,4G  0 lvm   /
    └─vg0-swap 253:1    0    16G  0 lvm   [SWAP]
sdd              8:48   0   2,7T  0 disk  
├─sdd1           8:49   0     2M  0 part  
├─sdd2           8:50   0     1G  0 part  
│ └─md127        9:127  0  1023M  0 raid1 /boot
└─sdd3           8:51   0   2,7T  0 part  
  └─md126        9:126  0 222,4G  0 raid1 
    ├─vg0-root 253:0    0 206,4G  0 lvm   /
    └─vg0-swap 253:1    0    16G  0 lvm   [SWAP]

Zvino zvikamu /dev/sdc3 и /dev/sdd3 vanobata 2.7 TB. Sezvo isu takagadzira dhisiki nyowani ine tafura yeGPT, saizi yekuparadzanisa 3 yakakurumidza kuiswa kune inogoneka dhisiki nzvimbo; mune iyi kesi, hapana chikonzero chekuwedzera chikamu.

Zvakakosha:

  1. Wedzera array md126,
  2. Wedzera PV (yemuviri vhoriyamu),
  3. Wedzera LV (inonzwisisika-vhoriyamu) vg0-midzi,
  4. Wedzera iyo faira system.

1. Wedzera hurongwa md126 kusvika pakakwirira.

mdadm --grow /dev/md126 --size=max

Mushure mekuwedzera kwe array md126 saizi yenzvimbo yakagarwa yawedzera kusvika pa2.7 TB.

[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME           MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE  MOUNTPOINT
sda              8:0    0 223,6G  0 disk  
sdb              8:16   0 223,6G  0 disk  
sdc              8:32   0   2,7T  0 disk  
├─sdc1           8:33   0     2M  0 part  
├─sdc2           8:34   0     1G  0 part  
│ └─md127        9:127  0  1023M  0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc3           8:35   0   2,7T  0 part  
  └─md126        9:126  0   2,7T  0 raid1 
    ├─vg0-root 253:0    0 206,4G  0 lvm   /
    └─vg0-swap 253:1    0    16G  0 lvm   [SWAP]
sdd              8:48   0   2,7T  0 disk  
├─sdd1           8:49   0     2M  0 part  
├─sdd2           8:50   0     1G  0 part  
│ └─md127        9:127  0  1023M  0 raid1 /boot
└─sdd3           8:51   0   2,7T  0 part  
  └─md126        9:126  0   2,7T  0 raid1 
    ├─vg0-root 253:0    0 206,4G  0 lvm   /
    └─vg0-swap 253:1    0    16G  0 lvm   [SWAP]

Kuwedzera vhoriyamu yemuviri.

Usati wawedzera, tarisa kukosha kwazvino kwenzvimbo yakagarwa PV /dev/md126.

[root@localhost ~]# pvs
  PV         VG  Fmt  Attr PSize   PFree
  /dev/md126 vg0 lvm2 a--  222,40g    0

Isu tinowedzera PV nemurairo unotevera.

pvresize /dev/md126

Isu tinotarisa chiito chakapedzwa.

[root@localhost ~]# pvs
  PV         VG  Fmt  Attr PSize  PFree
  /dev/md126 vg0 lvm2 a--  <2,73t 2,51t

Kuwedzera zvine musoro vhoriyamu vg0-mudzi.

Mushure mekuwedzera PV, ngatitarisei nzvimbo yakagarwa VG.

[root@localhost ~]# vgs
  VG  #PV #LV #SN Attr   VSize  VFree
  vg0   1   2   0 wz--n- <2,73t 2,51t

Ngatitarisei nzvimbo inogarwa naLV.

[root@localhost ~]# lvs
  LV   VG  Attr       LSize    Pool Origin Data%  Meta%  Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
  root vg0 -wi-ao---- <206,41g                                                    
  swap vg0 -wi-ao----  <16,00g

Iyo vg0-midzi vhoriyamu inotora 206.41 GB.

Isu tinowedzera LV kusvika kune yakakura disk space.

lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/mapper/vg0-root

Kutarisa iyo LV nzvimbo mushure mekuwedzera.

[root@localhost ~]# lvs
  LV   VG  Attr       LSize   Pool Origin Data%  Meta%  Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
  root vg0 -wi-ao----   2,71t                                                    
  swap vg0 -wi-ao---- <16,00g

Kuwedzera iyo faira system (ext4).

Ngatitarisei saizi iripo yefaira system.

[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Файловая система     Размер Использовано  Дост Использовано% Cмонтировано в
devtmpfs                16G            0   16G            0% /dev
tmpfs                   16G            0   16G            0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                   16G         9,6M   16G            1% /run
tmpfs                   16G            0   16G            0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/vg0-root   204G         1,4G  192G            1% /
/dev/md127            1007M         141M  816M           15% /boot
tmpfs                  3,2G            0  3,2G            0% /run/user/0

Iyo vhoriyamu /dev/mapper/vg0-midzi inogara 204 GB mushure mekuwedzera kweLV.

Kuwedzera faira system.

resize2fs /dev/mapper/vg0-root

Kutarisa saizi yefaira system mushure mekuwedzera.

[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Файловая система     Размер Использовано  Дост Использовано% Cмонтировано в
devtmpfs                16G            0   16G            0% /dev
tmpfs                   16G            0   16G            0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                   16G         9,6M   16G            1% /run
tmpfs                   16G            0   16G            0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/vg0-root   2,7T         1,4G  2,6T            1% /
/dev/md127            1007M         141M  816M           15% /boot
tmpfs                  3,2G            0  3,2G            0% /run/user/0

Saizi yefaira system yakawedzerwa kuvhara vhoriyamu yese.

Source: www.habr.com

Voeg