Data centers dzinodya 3-5% yemagetsi enyika, uye mune dzimwe nyika, dzakadai seChina, nhamba iyi inosvika 7%. Nzvimbo dzedata dzinoda magetsi 24/7 kuti midziyo yavo ifambe zvakanaka. Nekuda kweizvozvo, kushanda kwenzvimbo yedata kunokonzeresa kuburitsa gasi rinopisa mumhepo, uye maererano nehuwandu hwekukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza, zvinogona kuenzaniswa nekufamba kwemhepo. Takaunganidza tsvakiridzo yazvino kuti tizive kuti nzvimbo dzedata dzinokanganisa sei nharaunda, ingave ichishandurwa uye kana paine matanho akafanana muRussia.
Zvinoenderana neyekupedzisira kuSupermicro, eco-conscious data centers inoshandisa green solutions inogona kuderedza kukanganiswa kwavo kwezvakatipoteredza ne80%. Uye magetsi akachengetwa ndeyekuchengetedza ese makasinos eLas Vegas akabatidzwa kwemakore makumi matatu nemanomwe. Asi panguva ino, 37% chete yedata data data inogona kunzi "girinhi".
zvichibva paongororo yevamiriri ve5000 veiyo IT indasitiri. Zvakazoitika kuti 86% yevakapindura kazhinji havafungi nezvekukanganisa kwenzvimbo dzedata pane zvakatipoteredza. Uye chete 15% yemamaneja enzvimbo yedata ane hanya nezve mutoro wemagariro uye kuongorora kugona kwesimba kwebhizinesi. Kazhinji, iyo indasitiri inotarisana nezvinangwa zvine chekuita nekuona kukanganisa kushivirira kwekushanda, pane kushanda nesimba. Kunyangwe zvichibatsira kuti nzvimbo dzedata dzitarise pane yekupedzisira: avhareji bhizinesi inogona kuchengetedza kusvika kumadhora makumi matatu nemasere emamiriyoni emagetsi zviwanikwa.
PUE
PUE (Simba Kushandisa Kubudirira) ndiyo metric yekuongorora kugona kwesimba renzvimbo yedata. Chiyero chakabvumidzwa nenhengo dzeThe Green Grid consortium muna 2007. PUE inotaridza chiyero chesimba remagetsi rinopedzwa nedata data kune simba rinopedzwa zvakananga nedhata data mudziyo. Saka, kana data data ikagamuchira 10 MW yesimba kubva kune network, uye zvose zvishandiso "zvichichengeta" pa 5 MW, chiratidzo chePUE chichava 2. Kana "gap" mukuverenga ichiderera, uye yakawanda yemagetsi inosvika kune zvigadzirwa. , iyo coefficient ichaita kune yakakodzera chiratidzo chimwe.
Mushumo waNyamavhuvhu weGlobal Data Center Survey kubva kuUptime Institute (pakati pevakapindura - 900 data center operators), avhareji yepasi rose PUE ratio. pamwero we1,59. Pakazere, mwero wachinja padanho iri kubvira 2013. Kana tichienzanisa, muna 2013 iyo PUE yaive 1,65, muna 2018 yaive 1, uye muna 58 yaive 2019.
Nepo iyo PUE mamakisi isina kunaka zvakakwana kuenzanisa nzvimbo dzakasiyana dzedata uye geographies, Uptime Institute inounganidza matafura ekuenzanisa akadaro.
Kuenzanisa kwacho hakuna kunaka nekuda kwekuti dzimwe nzvimbo dze data dziri mumamiriro ekunze akaipisisa. Saka, kuti utonhodze nzvimbo yedata data muAfrica, unoda akawanda magetsi kupfuura nzvimbo yedata iri kuchamhembe kweEurope.
Zvine musoro, iyo yakanyanya simba isingashande data nzvimbo dziri muLatin America, Africa, Middle East uye zvikamu zveAsia-Pacific dunhu. Europe uye dunhu rinobatanidza USA neCanada rakava "muenzanisi" zvakanyanya maererano nePUE. Nenzira, kune vakawanda vakapindura munyika idzi - 95 uye 92 data center providers, maererano.
Chidzidzo ichi chakaongororawo nzvimbo dzedata muRussia uye nyika dzeCIS. Ichokwadi, 9 chete vakapindura vakatora chikamu muongororo. PUE yedzimba uye "muvakidzani" data nzvimbo yaive 1,6.
Maitiro ekudzikisa PUE
Natural kutonhora
Maererano ne , inenge 40% yesimba rose rinopedzwa nedata data rinoenda kune kushanda kwemaitiro ekutonhora ekugadzira. Kuitwa kwemahara kutonhora (mahara-kutonhora) kunobatsira kuderedza zvakanyanya mari. Nehurongwa hwakadaro, mhepo yekunze inonatswa, inopisa kana kutonhora, mushure meiyo inodyiswa mumakamuri evhavha. "Exhaust" mhepo inopisa inokandwa kunze kana kusanganiswa zvishoma, kana zvichidiwa, nekuyerera kunouya.
Panyaya ye freecooling, mamiriro ekunze akakosha zvikuru. Kunyanya kupisa kwekunze kwemhepo kwakakodzera kune data center hall, simba shoma rinodiwa kuti riunze kune "mamiriro" anodiwa.
Uye zvakare, iyo data data inogona kuwanikwa padhuze negedhi - mune iyi kesi, mvura kubva mairi inogona kushandiswa kutonhorera iyo data data. Nenzira, maererano neStratistics MRC forecasts, panosvika 2023 kukosha kwemusika kwemvura inotonhorera tekinoroji kuchasvika madhora mabhiriyoni 4,55. Pakati pemhando dzayo kunyudza kutonhora (kunyudzwa kwemidziyo mumafuta ekunyudzwa), adiabatic kutonhora (yakavakirwa paevaporation tekinoroji, inoshandiswa mu Facebook data center), heat exchanger (iyo inotonhorera yekushisa inodiwa inouya yakananga kune rack yemidziyo, kubvisa kupisa kwakanyanya).
Monitoring uye nenguva kuchinjwa michina
Kushandiswa kwakarurama kwemasimba anowanikwa munzvimbo yedata kuchabatsirawo kuvandudza simba rekushandisa. Masevha atotengwa anofanirwa kushanda kune mabasa evatengi, kana kusashandisa simba panguva yekuderera. Imwe nzira yekudzora mamiriro ndeye kushandisa zvivakwa manejimendi software. Semuenzaniso, iyo Data Center Infrastructure Management (DCIM) system. Software yakadaro inongogovera zvakare mutoro pamaseva, inodzima zvishandiso zvisina basa uye inoita kurudziro pamusoro pekumhanya kwevateveri vefiriji zvikamu (zvakare, kuchengetedza simba kubva pakunyanya kutonhora).
Chikamu chakakosha chekuvandudza simba rekushandisa kwenzvimbo yedata ndeyekugadzirisa panguva yemidziyo. Sevha yechinyakare inowanzove yakaderera mukuita uye kusimba kwezvekushandisa kune chizvarwa chitsva. Nokudaro, kuitira kuti udzikise PUE, zvinokurudzirwa kugadzirisa midziyo kakawanda sezvinobvira - mamwe makambani anoita izvi gore negore. Kubva kuSupermicro tsvagiridzo: Yakakwenenzverwa yerutsigiro yemahara inogona kuderedza e-marara neinopfuura 80% uye inonatsiridza data centre kuita ne15%.
Kune zvakare nzira dzekukwirisa iyo data center ecosystem pasina yakakosha mari. Saka, iwe unogona kuvhara mapeji mumakabati evhavha kuti udzivise kubuda kwemhepo inotonhora, kuparadzanisa nzira dzinopisa kana dzinotonhora, fambisa sevha yakatakura zvakanyanya kune imwe nzvimbo inotonhora ye data center, nezvimwe zvakadaro.
Mashoma maseva emuviri - mamwe madhiri emagetsi
VMware yakaverenga kuti kuenda kumaseva chaiwo kunoderedza kushandiswa kwesimba ne80% mune dzimwe nguva. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti kuisa mamwe maseva pamichina mishoma yemuviri zvine musoro kunoderedza kugadzirisa kwehardware, kutonhora, uye mutengo wemagetsi.
makambani NRDC uye Anthesis akaratidza kuti kutsiva 3 maseva ne 000 chaiwo muchina inoponesa $ 150 mamiriyoni pamagetsi.
Pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, virtualization inoita kuti zvikwanise kugovera uye kuwedzera chaiwo zviwanikwa (processors, ndangariro, kuchengetedza) mukuita. Naizvozvo, magetsi anoshandiswa chete kuti ave nechokwadi chekushanda, kusasanganisa mari yemidziyo isina basa.
Zvechokwadi, mamwe magetsi anogonawo kusarudzwa kuti awedzere kushanda kwesimba. Kuti uite izvi, dzimwe nzvimbo dze data dzinoshandisa solar panels uye majenereta emhepo. Aya, zvisinei, mapurojekiti anodhura anongokwanisa kuwana makambani makuru.
Greens mukuita
Nhamba yedata centers munyika kubva pa500 muna 000 kusvika pamamiriyoni 2012. Huwandu hwemashandisirwo emagetsi avo huri kupetwa kaviri makore mana oga oga. Kugadzirwa kwemagetsi anodiwa nedata centers kwakabatana zvakananga nehuwandu hwekabhoni emissions inokonzerwa nekupiswa kwefossil mafuta.
Masayendisiti kubva kuOpen University yeGreat Britain kuti nzvimbo dzedata dzinoburitsa 2% yepasi rose CO2 emissions. Izvi zvakada kufanana nendege huru pasi rose. Muna 2019, zvidyarwa zvemagetsi zvakaburitsa 44 miriyoni matani eCOβ kusimbisa makumi mana nemana nzvimbo dzedhata muChina, maererano ne2018 GreenPeace kudzidza.
Vatungamiriri vepasi rese vakadai seApple, Google, Facebook, Akamai, Microsoft vanotora mutoro wekukanganisa kwechisikigo uye edza kudzideredza vachishandisa "girinhi" matekinoroji. Saka, CEO weMicrosoft Satya Nadella akataura nezvechinangwa chekambani chekuzadzisa nhanho yakaipa yekuburitsa kabhoni panosvika 2030, uye panosvika 2050 kubvisa zvachose mhedzisiro yekubuda kubva kambani yakavambwa muna 1975.
Aya mabhizimusi makuru, zvisinei, ane zviwanikwa zvakakwana zvekushandisa zvirongwa. Muchinyorwa, tichataura akati wandei asinganyatso zivikanwa "greening" data centers.
Colossus
Iyo data center, iri mudhorobha reBallengen (Norway), inozviisa pachayo senzvimbo yedata inoshanda pa100% renewable energy. Saka, kuve nechokwadi chekushanda kwemidziyo, mvura inoshandiswa kutonhorera maseva, mvura uye majenareta emagetsi emhepo. Pakazosvika 2027, data center inoronga kuenda kupfuura 1000 MW yemagetsi. Iye zvino Kolos inochengetedza 60% yemagetsi.
Next Generation Data
Iyo British data centre inoshandira makambani akadai seyekufonera akabata BT Group, IBM, Logica nevamwe. Muna 2014, NGD yakataura kuti yakawana PUE yayo yeimwe. Solar panels iri padenga re data center yakaunza pedyo nepamusoro pesimba rekushanda kwe data center. Zvisinei, ipapo nyanzvi dzakapokana nemhedzisiro yacho.
Swiss Fort Knox
Iyi data data imhando yeprojekti yepamusoro. Iyo data data "yakakura" pane saiti yekare Cold War bunker yakavakwa neuto reSwitzerland kana paine mhirizhonga yenyukireya. Mukuwedzera kune chokwadi chokuti nzvimbo yedata, chaizvoizvo, haitore nzvimbo pamusoro penyika, inoshandisawo mvura yechando kubva mudhamu repasi pevhu muzvirongwa zvekutonhodza. Nekuda kweizvi, tembiricha yekutonhora system inochengetwa pa8 degrees Celsius.
Equinix AM3
Iyo data data, iri muAmsterdam, inoshandisa Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage inotonhorera shongwe muzvivako zvayo. Mhepo yavo inotonhorera inoderedza kupisa kwemakorori anopisa. Uye zvakare, masisitimu ekutonhorera emvura anoshandiswa munzvimbo yedata, uye tsvina inopisa mvura inoshandiswa kupisa iyo University yeAmsterdam.
Chii chiri muRussia
Kutsvakurudza CNews yakaratidza kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwema racks pahukuru hweRussia data centre vanopa masevhisi. Muna 2019, kukura kwaive 10% (kusvika 36,5 zviuru), uye muna 2020 nhamba yeraki inogona kuwedzera neimwe 20%. Vanopa data centre vanovimbisa kuseta rekodhi uye kupa vatengi vane 6961 mamwe racks gore rino.
By CNews, kugona kwesimba kwemhinduro dzakashandiswa uye michina yekuona kuti kushanda kwenzvimbo yedata kuri padanho rakaderera - 1 W yemagetsi anobatsira maakaundi anosvika makumi mashanu muzana emari isiri-yekugadzira.
Nekudaro, nzvimbo dzeRussia data dzinokurudzirwa kuderedza PUE. Nekudaro, iyo injini yekufambira mberi kune vazhinji vanopa haisi kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza uye mutoro wemagariro, asi mabhenefiti ehupfumi. Nzira isina musoro yekushandisa simba inodhura mari.
Padanho rehurumende, hapana zviyero zvezvakatipoteredza zvine chekuita nekushanda kwenzvimbo yedata, pamwe nekurudziro yehupfumi kune avo vanoita "girinhi" zvirongwa. Naizvozvo, muRussia ichiri mutoro wega we data data.
Nzira dzakajairika dzekuratidzira eco-consciousness yedzimba data nzvimbo:
- Shanduko kune mamwe masimba-anoshanda nzira dzemidziyo yekutonhodza (yemahara-inotonhorera uye mvura yekutonhodza masisitimu);
- Kuraswa kwemidziyo uye kutambisa zvisina kunanga kwenzvimbo dzedata;
- Muripo wekukanganisa kwakashata kwenzvimbo dzedata pane zvakasikwa kuburikidza nekutora chikamu mumishandirapamwe yezvakatipoteredza uye kudyara mu eco-zvirongwa.
Kirill Malevanov, Technical Director, Selectel
Nhasi, PUE yeSelectel data centers ndeye 1,25 (Dubrovka DC muLeningrad Region) uye 1,15-1,20 (Berzarina-2 DC muMoscow). Isu tinocherekedza reshiyo uye tinoyedza kushandisa akawanda emagetsi ekugadzirisa zvigadziriso zvekutonhodza, kuvheneka uye zvimwe zvinhu zvebasa. Masevha emazuva ano anoshandisa simba rakaenzana, hazvina musoro kuenda kune zvakanyanyisa uye kurwira 10W. Zvisinei, maererano nemichina inovimbisa kushanda kwenzvimbo dze data, nzira yacho iri kuchinja - isu tiri kutarisawo zviratidzo zvekugadzirisa simba.
Kana tichitaura nezve kudzokorodza, pano Selectel apinda muzvibvumirano nemakambani akati wandei ane chekuita nekudzokorodza kwemidziyo. Kwete mavhavha chete anotumirwa kune zvimedu, asiwo zvimwe zvinhu zvakawanda: mabhatiri kubva kumagetsi asingagoneki emagetsi, ethylene glycol kubva kune inotonhorera masisitimu. Isu tinounganidza uye kudzokorodza kunyange marara mapepa - kurongedza zvinhu kubva kumidziyo inouya kunzvimbo dzedu dzedata.
Selestel akaenderera mberi uye akatanga chirongwa cheGreen Selectel. Iye zvino kambani ichadyara muti mumwe pagore kune yega yega server inomhanya munzvimbo dzekambani data. Iyo kambani yakaita yekutanga kudyara kwemasango musi waGunyana 19 - munzvimbo dzeMoscow neLeningrad. Pakazara, miti ye20 yakasimwa, iyo mune ramangwana ichakwanisa kubudisa kusvika ku000 malita eokisijeni pagore. Zviito hazvigumire ipapo, zvirongwa ndezvekuita "green" zvirongwa gore rose. Unogona kuziva nezve kukwidziridzwa kutsva pawebhusaiti. and in .
Source: www.habr.com