Vanhu vane pfungwa dzehunyanzvi vanoedza kutsvaga system mune zvese. Paunenge uchidzidza Chirungu, icho chiri kudiwa zvakanyanya muIT, vazhinji vanogadzira mapurogiramu vanotarisana nenyaya yekuti havanzwisise kuti mutauro uyu nehurongwa hwawo hunoshanda sei.
"Ndiani ane mhosva?"
Dambudziko nderei? Zvingaita sekuti mugadziri wezvirongwa, uyo anowanzo taura mitauro yakati wandei yehurongwa, kana maneja wehurongwa, asinganetsi kugadzirisa masisitimu akaomarara, haazonetsi kugona mutauro wakapfava seChirungu.
Nehurombo, mune inogamuchirwa tsika yekudzidza Chirungu, hazvisi zvese zviri nyore. Vanodzidzisa mutauro uye vanonyora zvinyorwa muvanhu vane mafungiro akasiyana neaya enyanzvi dzehunyanzvi. Sezvineiwo, vagadziri vezvirongwa uye zvinobatsira zvekudzidza Chirungu pamusika nhasi zvinogona kukamurwa kuita mapoka maviri:
- Vashandi vevanhu vanotaura chiRussian ;
- Vatauri veNative, humanists, varapi .
Nzira mbiri dzekudzidzisa Chirungu dzine zvadzakanakira nezvadzinoipira. Ivo vanobatanidzwa nechinhu chakafanana: nzira dzakavakwa kubva kune zvinhu kusvika kune general, i.e. kune imwe nzira iyo, kakawanda kupfuura kwete, haisati yawanikwa mukuita.
Paanotanga kudzidza pahwaro hwemusimboti uyu, munhu haana pfungwa yakajeka yerudzii rwemutauro waanozodzidza. Munguva yekudzidza, mudzidzi haana ruzivo rwakajeka rwekuti ndeipi chikamu chehurongwa hwaari kudzidzisa parizvino, kuti chinhu chiri kudzidzwa chakabatanidzwa sei muchirongwa chese, uye pachave chiri kudiwa. Kazhinji, hapana chimiro chinodiwa kune nyanzvi yehunyanzvi (uye kwete chete) kudzidzisa zvine musoro hunyanzvi.
Vanyori vanotaura mutauro wokuRussia vemabhuku ezvishandiso anobva panheyo yegirama-shanduro yegirama-shanduro vanonyatsoshandisa muzvidzidzo zvinotsanangura, kana kuti zvinotsanangura, girama, iyo inobatwa nenyanzvi dzezvemutauro, iyo ine hukama husina kunanga chete netsika yekutaura. Pasinei nekutsanangurwa kwakadzama kwezvinhu zvegirama zvinosiyanisa nzira iyi, mhedzisiro inowanikwa, sekutonga, inosvika kune zvakagadziridzwa zvinhu zvehurongwa, izvo zvinowanzosara nemudzidzi chete ruzivo rwechidimbu, kwete kuunganidzwa mune inoshanda system yehupenyu. mutauro.
Matauriro ekutaura anosvika pakuziva nemusoro maitiro ekutaura, ayowo, asingapi ruzivo rwemutauro unonzwisisika pamwero wemugadziri wekutaura. Sezvo vagadziri venzira yekutaura vari ivo vatauri vekuzvarwa ivo, vanogona kungopa yavo yega pfungwa yemutauro kubva mukati, vasingakwanise kuiburitsa, vachiinzwisisa kubva kunze sehurongwa hunopesana nehurongwa hwe. mutauro wekuzvarwa wemudzidzi anotaura chiRussia.
Uyezve, vatauri veko havatombofungi kuti vadzidzi vavo vanotaura chiRussia vari mumutauro wakasiyana zvachose uye vanoshanda nezvikamu zvakasiyana zvegirama. Naizvozvo, zvinokatyamadza, vatauri vasingatauri chiRussian havagone kuendesa kune vatauri veRussia manuances ese echiRungu chavo.
Global owl dambudziko
Mutauro wemutauro wechiRussian uye hurongwa hwemutauro weChirungu zvinosiyana kunyangwe padanho rekuziva. Semuenzaniso, chikamu chenguva muChirungu chinofungwa zvakasiyana zvachose pane muchiRussian. Aya magirama maviri akavakirwa pamisimboti yakapesana: Chirungu ndicho mutauro, nepo Russian - .
Paanotanga kudzidza mutauro asingafungi nezve iyi inonyanya kukosha nuance, mudzidzi anowira mumusungo. Nekutadza, tichivavarira kutsvaga yakajairika system, kuziva kwedu kunotenda kuti iri kudzidza mutauro wakafanana neRussia, asi Chirungu chete. Uye, zvisinei nekuti mudzidzi anodzidza Chirungu zvakadii, anoramba achingokwevera zizi rechiRungu papasi reRussia, asingachizivi. Izvi zvinogona kutora makore kana makumi emakore.
"Chii chekuita?", Kana Kuendeswa kuuropi
Iwe unogona kutyora kufa-yekupedzisira maitiro zviri nyore mukati mehurongwa hwe "", yakarongedzwa kune hunhu hwevanotaura chiRussian nyanzvi dzehunyanzvi. Munyori anogadzirisa matambudziko atsanangurwa pamusoro apa nekuisa zvinhu zviviri zvisina kujairika mukudzidzisa.
Kutanga, asati atanga kudzidza Chirungu, mudzidzi anonyatsonzwisisa musiyano pakati pemutauro weRussia neChirungu, kutanga mumutauro wake wekuzvarwa kusiyanisa pakati pemafungiro maviri aya.
Nenzira iyi, mudzidzi anowana kusadzivirirwa kwakavimbika kubva mukuwira mu "bug" ye intuitive "kudhonza Chirungu muchiRussia," izvo zvinononotsa maitiro ekudzidza kwenguva yakareba, sezvatsanangurwa pamusoro.
Kechipiri, chimiro cheiyo cognitive logic system yemutauro weChirungu inotakurwa mukuziva mumutauro wekuzvarwa kusati kwatanga kudzidza kweChirungu. Kureva kuti, kudzidza kunovakwa kubva pakuziva iyo general grammatical algorithm kusvika pakuita zvimwe zvinhu zvayo. Kupfuurirazve, achizadza chimiro ichi nezviri muChirungu, mudzidzi anoshandisa zvivakamutauro zvaagara ajaira.
"Kumukira kweRussia", kana Zvishamiso zvePsycholinguistics
Matanho ese ari maviri anongoda maawa gumi ezvidzidzo emakirasi nemudzidzisi kana imwe nguva yekudzidza yakazvimirira nemudzidzi achishandisa zvinhu zvakatumirwa munzvimbo yeruzhinji. Kudyara kwekutanga kwakadai, kuwedzera pakuva chiitiko chinonakidza kumudzidzi, chinomiririra rudzi rwemutambo wepfungwa, inochengetedza huwandu hwenguva uye zviwanikwa zvemari, inogadzira nharaunda yakagadzikana yekuziva kugona kwehunyanzvi, uye inowedzera zvakanyanya kumudzidzi. kuzvitemba.
Sezvinoratidzwa nemaitiro ekushandisa nzira iyi, nyanzvi dzeIT nyanzvi dzegirama yeChirungu zvirinani uye nekukurumidza kupfuura vamwe vadzidzi - nzira yealgorithmic uye yekumisikidza kune girama, kureruka uye kufunga kwehurongwa kunopindirana zvakakwana nehunyanzvi hwehunyanzvi hwenyanzvi.
Munyori akadana iyi yakarongeka yehupenyu hwedzidzo hack "Method 12" mushure mehuwandu hwemhando dzenguva (kana, mumutauro wakafanana, "makumi") ayo anoumba chimiro chegiramatical system yeChirungu.
Zvinofanira kutaurwa kuti iyi nzira inoshandiswa ndeyekushanda kunoshanda kweiyo theoretical principles of psycholinguistics, yakagadzirwa nemasayendisiti akakurumbira akadai saN. Chomsky, L. Shcherba, P. Galperin.
Source: www.habr.com