Nzira yekudzidzisa sei kukunda matambudziko, uye panguva imwechete nyora mitsara

Pasinei nokuti tichataura pamusoro peimwe yemisoro inokosha, chinyorwa ichi chakanyorerwa nyanzvi dzine ruzivo. Chinangwa ndechekuratidza izvo zvisiri izvo zvinofungirwa nevanotanga mune chirongwa. Kune vanodzidzira vanogadzira, matambudziko aya akagadziriswa kwenguva refu, akakanganwa kana kusaonekwa zvachose. Nyaya yacho inogona kuuya inobatsira kana ukangoerekana wada kubatsira mumwe munhu nenyaya iyi. Chinyorwa chinodhirowa kuenderana nezvinhu kubva mumabhuku akasiyana-siyana ehurongwa naSchildt, Stroustrup, Okulov.

Musoro wezvekutenderera wakasarudzwa nekuti vanhu vazhinji havabatanidzwe kubva pazviri kana kugona hurongwa.

Iyi nzira yakagadzirirwa vadzidzi vasina simba. Sezvo mutemo, vanhu vakasimba havabatiki pane iyi nyaya uye hapana chikonzero chekuuya nehunyanzvi hunyanzvi kwavari. Chinangwa chechipiri chechinyorwa ndechekubvisa nzira iyi kubva mukirasi ye "mabasa evadzidzi vose, asi mudzidzisi mumwe chete" kuenda kukirasi ye "mabasa evadzidzi vose, vadzidzisi vose". Handitauri mavambo chaiwo. Kana uri kutoshandisa nzira yakafanana kudzidzisa musoro uyu, tapota nyora kuti shanduro yako yakasiyana sei. Kana wafunga kuishandisa, tiudze kuti zvakafamba sei. Kana imwe nzira yakafanana yakatsanangurwa mubhuku, tapota nyora zita racho.

Ndakashanda pahunyanzvi uhu kwemakore 4, ndichidzidza mumwe nemumwe nevadzidzi vemazinga akasiyana ekudzidziswa. Pakazara kune vadzidzi vangangosvika makumi mashanu uye zviuru zviviri zvemaawa emakirasi. Pakutanga, vadzidzi vaigara vakanamatira pane iyi nyaya ndokuenda. Mushure memudzidzi wega wega, nzira uye zvinhu zvakagadziriswa. Mugore rapfuura, vadzidzi vanga vasisabatike pamusoro penyaya iyi, saka ndakafunga kugovera zvandakawana.

Nei mabhii akawanda kudaro? Mabhasikoro ndeekutanga!

Sezvandanyora pamusoro, kune vanodzidzira kuvandudza uye kune vadzidzi vakasimba, kuoma kweiyo pfungwa yezvishwe kunogona kushomeka. Semuenzaniso, unogona kupa hurukuro yakareba, ona misoro yemusoro uye maziso akachenjera. Asi pakuedza kugadzirisa dambudziko ripi neripi, kugumbuka uye matambudziko asingatsananguriki anotanga. Pashure pehurukuro, vadzidzi vangangodaro vaingonzwisisa zvishoma. Mamiriro ezvinhu akawedzerwa nenyaya yekuti vadzidzi pachavo havagone kutaura kuti kunyengera kwavo chii chaizvo.
Rimwe zuva ndakaona kuti vadzidzi vakaona mienzaniso yangu se hieroglyphs. Ndokunge, sezvimedu zvisingaonekwe zvemavara umo iwe unofanirwa kuwedzera imwe "mashiripiti" mavara uye ichashanda.
Dzimwe nguva ndaiona kuti vadzidzi vanofunga kuti kugadzirisa dambudziko chairo raunoda chimwe chinhu dhizaini yandisati ndavhara. Kunyangwe iyo mhinduro yaingoda kugadziridzwa kudiki kwemuenzaniso.

Saka ndakafunga zano rekuti tarisiro haifanire kunge iri pane syntax yezvirevo, asi pane pfungwa yekudzokorodza kudzokorora kodhi uchishandisa zvishwe. Kana vadzidzi vachinge vabata pfungwa iyi, chero syntax inogona kuvandudzwa nekuita kushoma.

Ndiani uye nei ndinodzidzisa?

Sezvo pasina bvunzo dzekupinda, makirasi anogona kusanganisira vadzidzi vakasimba uye vasina simba. Iwe unogona kuverenga zvakawanda nezvevadzidzi vangu mune chinyorwa Mufananidzo wevadzidzi vekosi yemanheru
Ndakayedza kuona kuti munhu wese anoda kudzidza programming anogona kuidzidza.
Makirasi angu anoitwa ega uye mudzidzi anobhadhara mari yake yega yega. Zvinoita sekuti vadzidzi vanozokwidza mitengo uye vanoda iyo shoma. Zvisinei, vanhu vanoenda kumakirasi echiso nechiso nemudzidzisi mupenyu kwete nokuda kwezivo pachayo, asi nokuda kwechivimbo chavakadzidza, nokuda kwekunzwa kufambira mberi uye kubvumirwa kubva kune nyanzvi (mudzidzisi). Kana vadzidzi vasinganzwi kufambira mberi mukudzidza kwavo, vanoenda. Kazhinji, makirasi anogona kurongeka kuitira kuti vadzidzi vanzwe kufambira mberi mukuwedzera huwandu hwezvimiro zvakajairika. Ndiko kuti, chokutanga tinodzidza tichitarisa zvakadzama, tobva tadzidza, tozoita nguva, uye zvino tine chiuru neusiku kosi imwe chete yakagadzirira, umo maitiro ega anodzidzwa kwemwedzi miviri, uye pakupedzisira - mudzidzi akanyora. raibhurari yakajairika pasi pekuraira. Zvisinei, kuti ugadzirise matambudziko anoshanda, haudi chete ruzivo rwezvinyorwa, asiwo kuzvimiririra mukushandiswa kwayo uye mukutsvaga ruzivo rutsva. Naizvozvo, kumakosi akatarisana, ndinofunga kuti musimboti chaiwo kudzidzisa hushoma uye kukurudzira kudzidza kwakazvimiririra kwema nuances uye misoro inoenderana. Munyaya yezvishwe, ini ndinofunga iyo nguva yekuvaka seyakaderera. Unogona kunzwisisa musimboti kubva mairi. Kuziva musimboti, iwe unogona kugona zvese uye kuita-iwe pachako.

Kuti uwane kugona kwechinyorwa nevadzidzi vasina simba, kutsanangura syntax hakuna kukwana. Izvo zvinodikanwa kupa mamwe mabasa akareruka asi akasiyana uye kutsanangura mienzaniso mune zvakadzama. Pakupedzisira, kukurumidza kwekusimudzira kunogumira nekugona kwemudzidzi kushandura matauriro uye kutsvaga mapatani. Kune vadzidzi vakangwara, mabasa mazhinji anofinha. Paunenge uchidzidza navo, haufanirwe kuomerera pakugadzirisa 100% yematambudziko. Nyaya yangu inogona kuonekwa pa github yangu. Chokwadi, iyo repository yakafanana newarlock's grimoire - hapana mumwe kunze kwangu achanzwisisa kuti kupi, uye kana ukatadza cheki, unogona kupenga.

Iyo methodology ndeyekudzidzira-yakatarisana

Dzidziso inotsanangurwa pachishandiswa muenzaniso wekugadzirisa dambudziko. Mune zvakakosha zvekirasi yekuronga panodzidziswa mapazi uye zvishwe, hazvigoneke kupa hurukuro inobatsira pane imwe nyaya kweawa yese. 15-20 maminitsi zvakakwana kutsanangura pfungwa. Matambudziko makuru anomuka pakuita mabasa anoshanda.
Vadzidzisi vekutanga vanogona kukanganisa vashandisi, matavi, zvishwe, uye arrays mune imwe hurukuro. Asi vadzidzi vavo vachasangana nedambudziko rekushandisa ruzivo urwu.
Pashure pezvose, haufaniri kungotaura mashoko chete, asiwo iva nechokwadi chokuti vateereri vanonzwisisa.

Icho chokwadi chekugona chidzidzo chinotariswa nemabatiro anoita mudzidzi basa rakazvimirira.
Kana mudzidzi akakwanisa kugadzirisa dambudziko pane imwe nyaya pasina rubatsiro rwemudzidzisi, musoro wacho wakanyatsogadziriswa. Kuti uve nechokwadi chekuzviongorora, basa rega rega rinotsanangurwa mutafura ine bvunzo mamiriro. Mabasa ane kurongeka kwakajeka. Kusvetuka mabasa hakukurudzirwe. Kana basa remazuva ano rakanyanya kuoma, saka kuenderera mberi kune imwe inotevera hakubatsiri. Zvakatonyanya kuoma. Kuti mudzidzi agone kugona basa razvino rakaoma, nzira dzinoverengeka dzinotsanangurwa kwaari pachishandiswa muenzaniso wedambudziko rekutanga. Chaizvoizvo, zvese zvirimo zvemusoro zvinouya pasi kune matekiniki ekukunda matambudziko. Ma Cycles akawanda ane side effect.

Basa rekutanga nguva dzose muenzaniso. Yechipiri inosiyana zvishoma uye inoitwa "yakazvimirira" pakarepo mushure mekutanga pasi pekutariswa kwemudzidzisi. Mabasa ese anotevera ane chinangwa chekuteerera kune akasiyana zvinhu zvidiki zvinogona kukonzera kusanzwisisa.

Tsananguro yemuenzaniso inhaurirano umo mudzidzi anofanira kudzokorodza kuparadzira uye kutsinhiranisa kuti ave nechokwadi chokuti agona chikamu chezvinyorwa.

Ini ndichave banal uye ndinotaura kuti muenzaniso wekutanga pamusoro wenyaya wakakosha zvikuru. Kana iwe uine zvinyorwa zvebasa rakawanda rakazvimirira, zvakasiiwa zvemuenzaniso wekutanga zvinogona kugadziriswa. Kana pasina chimwe chinhu kunze kwemuenzaniso, ipapo mudzidzi angangodaro asingakwanisi musoro wenyaya.

Panguva kana kuti?

Imwe yemakakatanwa ndeyekusarudzwa kwekuvakwa kwemuenzaniso: nguva kana ye. Pane imwe nguva, sahwira wangu aidzidzira kugadzira asina ruzivo rwekudzidzisa akapedza awa achindisimbisa kuti loop ndiyo yaive nyore kunzwisisa. Nharo dzacho dzakadzika kusvika ku“zvose zviri mariri zvakajeka uye zvakarongwa panzvimbo yacho.” Nekudaro, iyo midzi inokonzeresa kuomerwa kwevanotanga chaivo ipfungwa chaiyo yekutenderera, uye kwete kunyora kwayo. Kana munhu asinganzwisisi pfungwa iyi, ipapo achava nedambudziko nechirevo. Pangosvika pfungwa yacho, matambudziko ekugadzira kodhi anonyangarika ega.

Mune zvigadzirwa zvangu, dingindira rezvishwe rinotevera dingindira rebazi. Kufanana kwekunze kwekuti kana uye nguva ichitibvumira kudhirowa fananidzo yakananga: "kana mamiriro ari mumusoro ari echokwadi, ipapo muviri unourayiwa." Iyo chete yakasarudzika yekutenderera ndeyekuti muviri unourayiwa kakawanda.

Nharo yangu yechipiri ndeyekuti nepo inoda kushoma fomati pane ye. Kufometa kushoma kunoreva kukanganisa kushoma kweupenzi nemakoma uye zvibodzwa zvisipo. Vanotanga havasati vagadzira kunyatsoteerera uye nekungwarira kuti vadzivise zvikanganiso zve syntax.
Nharo yechitatu inotsanangurwa mumabhuku akawanda akanaka senharo yekutanga.

Kana mudzidzi achigona kushandura matauriro zviri nyore, saka iwe unogona kutaura nezvawo mukupfuura. Mudzidzi achabva asarudza zvaanonyanya kuda. Kana shanduko dzichikonzera matambudziko, saka zviri nani kuti usakanganisa kutarisa kwako. Rega mudzidzi atange agadzirisa zvese achishandisa nguva. Kana uchinge wagona dingindira rezvishwe, unogona kunyora zvakare mhinduro dzekudzidzira kushandura uchienda kune.
Postcondition loops imhuka yakanaka isingawanzo. Handipedzi nguva pazviri zvachose. Kana mudzidzi akagona pfungwa dzekuziva mapatani uye kushandura mataurirwo, anogona kuzviona pasina rubatsiro rwangu.

Pakuratidza muenzaniso wekutanga kuvadzidzi vakasimba, ndinokwevera pfungwa kune chokwadi chokuti mumuenzaniso wekutanga zvakakosha kunyora kwete chete mhinduro, asiwo ketani yose yezviito zvakatungamirira kumugumisiro. Vadzidzi vane usimbe vanogona kuregeredza kunyora uye kukopa chete yekupedzisira algorithm. Vanofanira kuva nechokwadi chokuti rimwe zuva basa rakaoma richauya kwavari. Kuti uzvigadzirise, iwe uchafanirwa kutevedzera matanho semumuenzaniso uyu. Ndicho chikonzero nei zvakakosha kunyora matanho ose. Mumatambudziko anotevera zvichave zvichibvira kusiya chete shanduro yekupedzisira yemhinduro.

Pfungwa huru ye otomatiki ndeyekuti isu tinopa komputa kuti iitire munhu basa renguva dzose. Imwe yemaitiro ekutanga ndeyekunyora zvishwe. Inoshandiswa kana zviito zvakawanda zvakafanana zvekudzokorora zvakanyorwa muchirongwa mumutsara.

Zvakajeka zviri nani pane kufungidzira

Zvingaite senge zano rakanaka kuratidza iwo mutsara mumwechete kakawanda mukutanga looping basa. Semuyenzaniso:

Hurray, inoshanda!
Hurray, inoshanda!
Hurray, inoshanda!
Hurray, inoshanda!
Hurray, inoshanda!
Hurray, inoshanda!
Hurray, inoshanda!
Hurray, inoshanda!

Iyi sarudzo yakashata nekuti iyo counter value haisi kuoneka mune zvabuda. Iri idambudziko kune vanotanga. Usamurerutsa. Pakutanga, basa iri raive rekutanga, uye basa rekutora nhamba dzakatevedzana muhurongwa hwekukwira raive rechipiri. Zvakanga zvakafanira kusuma mamwe mazwi ekuti "kutenderera N nguva" uye "kutenderera kubva kuA kusvika kuB", izvo zvakafanana chinhu chimwe chete. Kuti ndisagadzira masangano asina kufanira, ndakasarudza kuratidza muenzaniso chete nekubuda kwehuwandu hwehuwandu. Vashoma vanhu vanogona kudzidza kubata counter mumusoro wavo uye kutevedzera maitiro echirongwa mumusoro wavo pasina kugadzirira. Vamwe vadzidzi vanotanga kusangana nemuenzaniso wepfungwa pane musoro wematenderedzwa.
Mushure meimwe tsika, ndinopa basa rekudzokorora chinyorwa chimwe chete kuti chigadziriswe zvakasununguka. Kana iwe ukapa counter inooneka kutanga uyezve isingaonekwe, vadzidzi vanova nematambudziko mashoma. Dzimwe nguva zano rekuti "usanyore counter pachiratidziro" rakakwana.

Vamwe vanozvitsanangura sei?

Muzvinyorwa zvakawanda zvekudzidzisa paInternet, syntax yekutenderera inopiwa sechikamu che "hurukuro". Semuyenzaniso, padeveloper.mozilla.org (ikozvino), zvimwe zvakawanda zvinovaka zvinotsanangurwa pamwe chete neapo loop. Muchiitiko ichi, chete magadzirirwo pachawo anopiwa nenzira yematemplate. Mhedzisiro yekutangwa kwavo inotsanangurwa mumashoko, asi hapana mufananidzo. Sekuona kwangu, mharidzo yakadai yemusoro inowedzera kubatsira kwezvinhu zvakadaro ne zero. Mudzidzi anogona kunyorazve kodhi uye kuimhanyisa ega, asi achiri kuda mwero wekuenzanisa. Unganzwisisa sei kuti muenzaniso wakanyorwa zvakare nenzira kwayo kana pasina chekufananidza mhedzisiro yacho?
Kana template yapihwa chete, pasina muenzaniso, zvinotonyanya kuomera mudzidzi. Nzira yekunzwisisa sei kuti zvimedu zvekodhi zvakaiswa nenzira kwayo mu template? Unogona kuedza kunyora neimwe nzira, wobva wamhanya. Asi kana pasina chiyero chekuenzanisa mhedzisiro, saka kutanga hakuzobatsiri.

Muchidzidzo cheC ++ paIntuitive, loop syntax inovigwa papeji yechitatu yeChidzidzo 4 pamusoro pemusoro wekuti "vashandi". Pakutsanangura syntax yezvishwe, kukoshesa kwakakosha kunoiswa pashoko rekuti "operator". Shoko racho rinoratidzwa seti yechokwadi se“chiratidzo; ichi chirevo", "{} chirevo chakasanganiswa", "mutumbi wechiuno unofanirwa kunge uri chirevo". Ini handifarire nzira iyi nekuti inoratidzika kuvanza hukama hwakakosha kuseri kwetemu imwe. Kupatsanura iyo kodhi kodhi yechirongwa mumatemi padanho rino kunodiwa nevagadziri vevagadziri kuti vashandise mataurirwo emutauro, asi kwete nevadzidzi sefungidziro yekutanga. Vatsva kuhurongwa havawanzo kungwarira zvakakwana kuti vanyatsoteerera zvakadaro kumatemu. Munhu asingawanzo yeuka uye anonzwisisa mazwi matsva kekutanga. Anenge hapana anogona kushandisa zvakarurama temu yaachangodzidza. Naizvozvo, vadzidzi vanowana zvikanganiso zvakawanda sekuti “Ndakanyora ndichiri(a<7);{, asi chirongwa hachishande.”
Mune maonero angu, pakutanga zviri nani kupa syntax yekuvaka pakarepo nevabereki. Sarudzo isina maparentheses inofanira kutsanangurwa chete kana mudzidzi aine mubvunzo chaiwo: "nei pasina maparentheses uye inoshanda."

Mubhuku raOkulov ra2012 rinonzi "Fundamentals of Programming," sumo yezvishwe inotanga neyepateni, yobva yapa kurudziro yekushandiswa kwayo, yobva yaenda kuchikamu chekuyedza chechidzidzo. Ndinonzwisisa kuti bhuku iri rakanyorerwa vashoma vevadzidzi vanogona chaizvo vasingawanzouya kumakirasi angu.

Mumabhuku akakurumbira, mhedzisiro yezvidimbu zvekodhi inogara ichinyorwa. Semuenzaniso, Shildt's "Java 8. The Complete Guide" 2015 edition. Kutanga, template inopiwa, ipapo purogiramu yemuenzaniso uye pakarepo mushure mayo - mugumisiro wekuurayiwa.

Semuenzaniso, funga nezvenguva loop inoita reverse
countdown kutanga kubva pagumi, uye chaizvo mitsara gumi ye "zviyero" inoratidzwa:

//Продемонстрировать применение оператора цикла while
class While {
    public static void main(String args []) {
        int n = 10;
        while (n > 0) {
            System.out.println("такт " + n);
            n--;
        }
    }
}

Kana yangomhanya, chirongwa ichi chinoburitsa gumi "macycles" sezvinotevera:
такт 10
такт 9
такт 8
такт 7
такт 6
такт 5
такт 4
такт 3
такт 2
такт 1

Nzira yekutsanangura template, chirongwa chemuenzaniso uye chigumisiro chepurogiramu chinoshandiswawo mubhuku rinonzi "Javascript for Kids" uye mune js course pa w3schools.com. Iyo yewebhu peji fomati inotobvumira uyu muenzaniso kuti ushande.

Bhuku raStroustrup ra2016 Misimboti uye Dzidzira Uchishandisa C++ rakatoenderera mberi. Danho rokutanga nderokutsanangura kuti ndechipi chigumisiro chinofanira kuwanikwa, uye pashure pacho chinyorwa chepurogiramu chinoratidzwa. Uyezve, havatore chirongwa chisina kujairika semuenzaniso, asi kupa rwendo munhoroondo. Ikoku kunobetsera kukwevera ngwariro kwairi: “Tarirai, ichi hachisati chichingovawo zvacho chinyorwa chisina maturo. Unoona chimwe chinhu chine musoro."

Semuenzaniso wekudzokorora, funga chirongwa chekutanga chakaitwa pamushini wechirongwa wakachengetwa (EDSAC). Yakanyorwa naDavid Wheeler paComputer Laboratory yeCambridge University, England muna Chivabvu 6, 1949. Iyi purogiramu inoverenga uye inodhinda runyoro rwakareruka rwemakwere.
0 0
1 1
2 4
3 9
4 16
...
98 9604
99 9801
Pano, mutsetse wega wega une nhamba inoteverwa netab character ('t') uye sikweya yenhamba iyoyo. Iyo C ++ vhezheni yechirongwa ichi inoita seizvi:

//Вычисляем и распечатываем таблицу квадратов чисел 0-99
int main()
{
    int i = 0; // Начинаем с нуля
    while(i < 100){
        cout << i << 't' << square(i) << 'n';
        ++i;
    }
}

Sezvineiwo, manyorerwo ezvivakwa haana kutsanangurwa mubhuku rino. Stroustrup mubhuku remudzidzisi (kududzira) inosimbisa kuti inoremekedza njere dzevadzidzi vayo. Zvichida kugona kuziva pateni mumienzaniso yakati wandei kunoonekwa sekuratidzwa kwehungwaru hwakadaro.

Pandinotsanangura ini

Nzira yeStroustrup: kutsanangura chigumisiro, nekugadzirisa dambudziko, uyezve kuongorora kwakazvimirira nemudzidzi - kunoratidzika kunonyanya kufunga. Naizvozvo, ndakasarudza kuitora sehwaro, asi itaurire ndichishandisa muenzaniso wakaderera wenhoroondo - basa rekutora "tafura yezviri mukati". Inoumba anchor ino zivikanwa kuitira kuti ugozogona kuti "rangarira basa pamusoro petafura yezviri mukati" uye kuti vadzidzi varangarire izvi chaizvo. Mumuenzaniso wangu, ndakaedza kudzivirira mamwe maviri emamwe maonero asina kunaka. Zvadaro ndichanyora pamusoro pavo zvakadzama.

Mubasa iri tinoziviswa kune matekiniki ekugadzirisa matambudziko akaomarara. Sarudzo yekutanga inoda kuitwa yechinyakare uye iri nyore. Zvakanaka, ipapo iwe unogona kufunga nezve nzira yekuvandudza iyi mhinduro.
Введение
Глава 1
Глава 2
Глава 3
Глава 4
Глава 5
Глава 6
Глава 7
Заключение

Maererano nekuona kwangu, nzira ye "template-example-result" mumisanganiswa yakasiyana-siyana ichiri kutungamirira kune chokwadi chokuti vadzidzi vanoona kutenderera se hieroglyph. Izvi zvakazviratidza pakuti vaisanzwisisa kuti nei paive nechisungo chekunyora ipapo, kusarudza pakati pei++ na i— nezvimwe zvinhu zvaiita sezviri pachena. Kuti udzivise fungidziro idzi dzisiridzo, nzira yekutaura nezvemadenderedzwa inofanirwa kusimbisa zvinoreva kudzokorora zviito zvakafanana uye wozozvigadzirisa uchishandisa chimiro. Naizvozvo, usati wapa iyo loop syntax, unofanirwa kugadzirisa dambudziko musoro-mberi. Mhinduro yekutanga kune tafura yezviri mukati dambudziko rinotaridzika seizvi:

Console.WriteLine("Введение");
Console.WriteLine("Глава 1");
Console.WriteLine("Глава 2");
Console.WriteLine("Глава 3");
Console.WriteLine("Глава 4");
Console.WriteLine("Глава 5");
Console.WriteLine("Глава 6");
Console.WriteLine("Глава 7");
Console.WriteLine("Заключение");

Inogona kuvandudzwa sei?
Tsiva zviito zvemonotonous nedenderedzwa.
Ndezvipi zviito zvinodzokororwa mumutsara pasina shanduko?
Hapana muchikamu ichi. Zvisinei, mirairo yekuratidza izwi rokuti "Chitsauko" nenhamba yakafanana kune imwe neimwe.
Nokudaro, danho rinotevera nderokuwana mutsauko pakati pezvimedu. Iri mubasa iri chete kuti zvinhu zvose zviri pachena, saka kwete mirairo imwe chete ichadzokororwa, asi zvidhinha zvekodhi yemitsara ye5 kana kupfuura. Iwe uchafanirwa kutsvaga kwete chete mune rondedzero yemirairo, asi mubazi kana loop zvivakwa.
Mumuenzaniso, musiyano pakati pemirairo uri munhamba mushure mezwi rokuti "Chitsauko".
Kamwe mutsauko wawanikwa, unofanirwa kunzwisisa maitiro ekuchinja. Chimedu chakasiyana ndicho nhamba? Inoramba ichiwedzera kana kudzikira here? Ko kukosha kwenhamba kunoshanduka sei pakati pezvikwata zviviri padivi nepadivi?
Mumuenzaniso, nhamba mushure mezwi rokuti "Chitsauko" rinowedzera mukuwedzera kwe 1. Kusiyana kunowanikwa, muenzaniso unoratidzwa. Iye zvino unogona kutsiva chidimbu chakasiyana neinosiyana.
Iwe unofanirwa kuzivisa shanduko yakadaro pamberi pekutanga kwezvimedu zvinodzokorora. Musiyano wakadaro unowanzo kunzi I kana j kana chimwe chinhu chakadzama. Kukosha kwayo kwekutanga kunofanirwa kuenzana nekutanga kukosha kunoratidzwa pachiratidziri. Mumuenzaniso, kukosha kwekutanga ndi1.
Ukoshi hupi hwekutanga hunofanira kutorwa kuratidza nhamba dzakatevedzana “100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105”?
Nhamba yekutanga munhevedzano iyi i100.
Mushure mekuraira kwega kwega, iwe unofanirwa kuwedzera kukosha kweiyo shanduko ne 1. Iyi unit ndiyo danho rekuchinja.
Idanho ripi richange riri munhevedzano yenhamba “100, 102, 104, 106”?
Nhanho 2 mumutsara uyu.
Mushure mekutsiva iyo chidimbu chakasiyana neinosiyana, iyo kodhi ichaita seizvi:

Console.WriteLine("Введение");
int i;
i = 0;
Console.WriteLine("Глава " + i);
i = i + 1;
Console.WriteLine("Глава " + i);
i = i + 1;
Console.WriteLine("Глава " + i);
i = i + 1;
Console.WriteLine("Глава " + i);
i = i + 1;
Console.WriteLine("Глава " + i);
i = i + 1;
Console.WriteLine("Глава " + i);
i = i + 1;
Console.WriteLine("Глава " + i);
i = i + 1;
Console.WriteLine("Заключение");

Mushure mekushandisa iyo "taura pateni yekusiyanisa" nzira mukodhi, unowana akati wandei mapoka ezviito zvakafanana anoenda mumutsara. Iye zvino kudzokorora zviito zvinogona kutsiviwa ne loop.

Kutevedzana kwekugadzirisa dambudziko kwaunoda kushandisa zvishwe kune anotevera matanho:

1. Gadzirisa "musoro-mberi" nemirairo yakawanda yakasiyana
2. Tsvaga muenzaniso
3. Ratidza chimiro cheshanduko
4. Gadzira sedenderedzwa

Zvadaro, mazwi matsva anotangwa kuitira kuti mudzidzi arege kuzviwana ari mumamiriro ezvinhu e "Ndinonzwisisa zvose, asi handigoni kuzvitaura":
— kaunda inogara ichichinja inodiwa kuronda nhamba yematanho mulop. Kazhinji nhamba yakakwana inofananidzwa nekumanikidza.
- counter step - tsananguro yemaitiro ekuchinja kwekaunda.
- kumanikidzira - nhamba kana shanduko iyo iyo counter inofananidzwa nayo kuitira kuti algorithm ipedze. Iyo counter value inoshanduka kuti isvike painogumira.
- loop body - seti yemirairo inodzokororwa. Kana vachiti “murairo wakanyorwa mukati mechishwe,” vanenge vachireva muviri.
- loop iteration - imwe-nguva kuurayiwa kwemuviri wechiuno.
- loop mamiriro - chirevo chine musoro chinotarisa kana imwe iteration ichizoitwa. (Panogona kunge paine nyonganiso nezvimiro zvebazi pano)
Iwe unofanirwa kuve wakagadzirira chokwadi chekuti pakutanga vadzidzi vachashandisa mazwi kune zvimwe zvinangwa. Izvi zvinoshanda kune vose vane simba nevasina simba. Kugadzira mutauro wakajairika inyanzvi. Iye zvino ini ndichanyora muchidimbu: unofanirwa kuseta basa "simbisa chidimbu chekodhi ne <term>" uye shandisa mazwi aya iwe pachako mukukurukurirana.
Mushure mekushandura nechiuno, chidimbu chinowanikwa:

Console.WriteLine("Введение");
int i = 0;
while (i < 7) {
    Console.WriteLine("Глава " + i);
    i = i + 1;
}
Console.WriteLine("Заключение");

Kusanzwisisa kukuru

Imwe pfungwa isiriyo yakakurumbira pakati pevadzidzi ndeyekuti vanoisa zviito mukati mechiuno chinoda kuitwa kamwe chete. Somuenzaniso seizvi:

;
int i = 0;
while (i < 7) {
    Console.WriteLine("Введение")
    Console.WriteLine("Глава " + i);
    i = i + 1;
    Console.WriteLine("Заключение");
}

Vadzidzi vanopinda mudambudziko iri nguva dzese, pakutanga uye mumatambudziko akaomarara.
Chiyero chikuru munyaya iyi:

Kangani iwe unofanirwa kudzokorora murairo: kamwe chete kana kakawanda?

Mirairo yekudhinda mazwi "Introduction" uye "Mhedziso" uye kuzivisa nekutanga shanduko i haina kufanana nezvimwe zviito zvekudzokorora. Ivo vanourayiwa kamwe chete, zvinoreva kuti vanofanirwa kunyorwa kunze kweiyo loop body.

Ese matanho matatu emhinduro anofanirwa kuramba ari mukodhi kuitira kuti iwe ugokwanisa kunongedzera kwavari gare gare kana zvichinetsa. Zvakakwana kutaura sarudzo mbiri dzekutanga kuitira kuti dzisapindira.
Ngwariro yemudzidzi inofanira kukweverwa kuzvinhu zvinotevera:
- Mune loop mamiriro, counter uye muganho zvinowanzoenzaniswa. Iyo counter inogona kuchinja mumuviri wechiuno, asi muganho haugone. Kuti utyore mutemo uyu, unofanirwa kugadzira zvikonzero zvinomanikidza.
- Mirairo yekuratidza mazwi ekuti "Sumo" uye "Mhedziso" iri kunze kwemuviri wechiuno. Tinofanira kuvaita ka1. "Sumo" - usati wadzokorora zviito, "Mhedziso" - mushure.
Mukuita kwekubatanidza nyaya iyi, kubata zvinotevera, pamwe nekubata nematambudziko, zvinobatsira kunyange kune vadzidzi vakasimba kubvunza mubvunzo: "Ichi chiito chinoda kuitwa kangani? Imwe kana yakawanda?

Kuvandudza unyanzvi hwokuwedzera

Mukuita kwekudzidza macycles, vadzidzi vanovandudzawo hunyanzvi hwekuongorora nekugadzirisa matambudziko. Kuti aite ongororo, mudzidzi anofanira kuunza mhedzisiro yaanoda uye oienzanisa nemhedzisiro chaiyo. Zviito zvekugadzirisa zvinoenderana nemusiyano uripo pakati pavo.
Sezvo vadzidzi pachinhanho ichi vachiri neruzivo rudiki rwe "zvavanoda" mhedzisiro, vanogona kutarisa pabvunzo data. Sezvo mutemo, hapana munhu panguva ino asi anonzwisisa kuti chii chinogona kuipa uye kuti ungagadzirisa sei. Naizvozvo, ndinonyora munotibhuku tsananguro yezvakajairika matambudziko uye nzira dzinoverengeka dzekuagadzirisa. Kusarudza yakanyatsokodzera ibasa remudzidzi pachake.
Rekodhi inodiwa kubvunza kuti "zvaitarisirwa zvakaitika here?", "Ndeipi yemamiriro ezvinhu aya yakaitika iye zvino?", "Mhinduro yakashandiswa yakabatsira here?"

1. Nhamba yezviito i1 zvishoma kana kupfuura pane zvaitarisirwa. Mhinduro:
   - wedzera kukosha kwekutanga kwekaunda ne1.
   - tsiva iyo yakasimba yekuenzanisa opareta (< kana >) neisina kuomarara (<= kana >=).
   - shandura kukosha kwekugumira ku1.
2. Zviito mu loop zvinoitwa pasina kumira, nekusingaperi. Mhinduro:
   - wedzera counter change command kana isipo.
   - gadzirisa counter change command kuitira kuti kukosha kwayo kuve pedyo nemuganhu.
   - bvisa iyo constraint change command kana iri mumuviri we loop.
3. Nhamba yezviito mu loop inodarika 1 zvishoma kana kupfuura pane zvaitarisirwa. Chiito chiri muchiuno hachina kuitwa kana kamwe chete. Kutanga iwe unofanirwa kutsvaga iwo chaiwo kukosha kweiyo vhezheni nguva isati yatanga loop. Mhinduro:
   - shandura kukosha kwekutanga kwekumanikidza
   - shandura kukosha kwekutanga kwekaunda

Dambudziko rechitatu rinowanzo sanganisira kushandisa shanduko isiriyo kana kusadzoreredza counter kusvika zero.

Mushure meiyi tsananguro, mudzidzi anogona kunge achiri nemafungiro akasiyana-siyana pamusoro pemashandiro anoita zvishwe.
Kudzinga izvo zvakajairika, ini ndinokupa anotevera mabasa:

1. Imo muganho, kukosha kwekutanga, kana nhanho yekupikisa inopinzwa nemushandisi.
2. Imomo ukoshi hwekaunda hunofanira kushandiswa mune imwe arithmetic kutaura. Zvinokurudzirwa kushandisa counter in the radical expression or in the denominator kuti mutsauko usava mutsetse.
3. Imo iyo iyo counter value haina kuratidzwa pachiratidziro apo loop iri kushanda. Semuenzaniso, kuratidza nhamba inodiwa yezvimedu zvemavara akafanana kana kudhirowa mufananidzo une turtle graphics.
4. Mauri iwe unofanirwa kuita kutanga zvimwe kudzokorora zviito, uyezve zvimwe.
5. Mauri iwe unofanirwa kuita zvimwe zviito usati uye mushure mekudzokorora

Kune rimwe nerimwe basa iwe unofanirwa kupa bvunzo data uye inotarisirwa mhedzisiro.

Kuti unzwisise kuti iwe unogona kukurumidza sei kufamba, unofanirwa kuverenga mazwi ematambudziko aya uye kubvunza kuti: "Vanosiyana sei nemuenzaniso?", "Chii chinoda kuchinjwa mumuenzaniso kugadzirisa?" Kana mudzidzi apindura zvine musoro, saka regai agadzirise kanenge imwe chete mukirasi, uye imwe yacho ari kumba ega. Kana mhinduro ikabudirira, saka tinogona kutanga kutsanangura mamiriro mukati mezvishwe.
Kana uine matambudziko ekugadzirisa matambudziko iwe pachako, unofanirwa kushanda kuburikidza nezvose mukirasi. Kuti udzivise kugadzirisa dambudziko iri chiyeuchidzo chekukwevera zizi, ndinokurudzira kutanga kugadzirisa dambudziko nenzira isiri yepasi rose. Ndiko kuti, kuitira kuti mhinduro ipfuure bvunzo yekutanga uye isingashandisi kuvakwa kwechiuno. Zvakanaka, wobva waisa shanduko kuti uwane hukuru hwemhinduro.

Loops nematavi

Mukuona kwangu, zvinobatsira kupa musoro wekuti "kutenderera mukati mematavi" zvakasiyana. Kuti gare gare iwe ugone kuona mutsauko pakati pekutarisa mamiriro kakawanda uye kuiongorora kamwe chete.
Iwo mabasa ekubatanidza achange ari ekuburitsa nhamba kubva kuA kusvika kuB, idzo dzinopinzwa nemushandisi:
- nguva dzose muhurongwa hwekukwira.
- kukwira kana kudzika zvichienderana nehunhu hweA uye B.

Musoro wekuti “mapazi mukati mezvishwe” unofanira kufambiswa chete mushure mekunge mudzidzi agona hunyanzvi: “kutsiva patani neshanduko” uye “kutsiva zviito zvekudzokorora nedenderedzwa.”
Chikonzero chikuru chekushandisa mapazi mukati mezvishwe ndeye anomalies pateni. Pakati inoputsika zvichienderana nekutanga data.
Kune avo vadzidzi vanokwanisa kutsvaga mhinduro kuburikidza nekubatanidza maitiro akareruka, zvakakwana kuti "bazi rinogona kunyorwa mukati mezvishwe" uye kupa dambudziko "somuenzaniso" zvachose kugadzirisa zvakasununguka.
Muenzaniso basa:

Mushandisi anoisa nhamba X. Ratidza nhamba kubva 0 kusvika 9 muchikamu uye isa chiratidzo '+' chakatarisana nenhamba inoenzana naX.

Kana 0 yaiswa0+
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

Kana 6 yaiswa0
1
2
3
4
5
6+
7
8
9

Kana 9 yaiswa0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9+

Kana 777 yaiswa0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

Kana tsananguro pfupi isina kukwana kunyora ne loop, saka iwe unofanirwa kuwana mhinduro yepasi rose kune imwechete dambudziko pasina chiuno.
Iwe uchawana imwe yezviviri sarudzo:
Desired

string temp;
temp = Console.ReadLine();
int x;
x = int.Parse(temp);
if (x==0) {
    Console.WriteLine(0 + "+");
} else {
    Console.WriteLine(0);
}
if (x==1) {
    Console.WriteLine(1 + "+");
} else {
    Console.WriteLine(1);
}
if (x==2) {
    Console.WriteLine(2 + "+");
} else {
    Console.WriteLine(2);
}
if (x==3) {
    Console.WriteLine(3 + "+");
} else {
    Console.WriteLine(3);
}
if (x==4) {
    Console.WriteLine(4 + "+");
} else {
    Console.WriteLine(4);
}
if (x==5) {
    Console.WriteLine(5 + "+");
} else {
    Console.WriteLine(5);
}
if (x==6) {
    Console.WriteLine(6 + "+");
} else {
    Console.WriteLine(6);
}
if (x==7) {
    Console.WriteLine(7 + "+");
} else {
    Console.WriteLine(7);
}
if (x==8) {
    Console.WriteLine(8 + "+");
} else {
    Console.WriteLine(8);
}
if (x==9) {
    Console.WriteLine(9 + "+");
} else {
    Console.WriteLine(9);
}

Zvinogoneka

string temp;
temp = Console.ReadLine();
int x;
x = int.Parse(temp);
if (x==0) {
    Console.WriteLine("0+n1n2n3n4n5n6n7n8n9");
}
if (x==1) {
    Console.WriteLine("0n1+n2n3n4n5n6n7n8n9");
}
if (x==2) {
    Console.WriteLine("0n1n2+n3n4n5n6n7n8n9");
}
if (x==3) {
    Console.WriteLine("0n1n2n3+n4n5n6n7n8n9");
}
if (x==4) {
    Console.WriteLine("0n1n2n3n4+n5n6n7n8n9");
}
if (x==5) {
    Console.WriteLine("0n1n2n3n4n5+n6n7n8n9");
}
if (x==6) {
    Console.WriteLine("0n1n2n3n4n5n6+n7n8n9");
}
if (x==7) {
    Console.WriteLine("0n1n2n3n4n5n6n7+n8n9");
}
if (x==8) {
    Console.WriteLine("0n1n2n3n4n5n6n7n8+n9");
}
if (x==9) {
    Console.WriteLine("0n1n2n3n4n5n6n7n8n9+");
}

Ini ndinopa basa rakafanana pachine nguva, ndichidzidza nyaya yebazi.
Kana mudzidzi akauya ne "zvinogoneka" sarudzo, saka iwe unofanirwa kuvaudza kuti panogona kuve nemhinduro dzakawanda kudambudziko rimwe chete. Zvisinei, ivo vanosiyana mukuramba kwavo kuchinja kwezvinodiwa. Bvunza mubvunzo: "Nzvimbo ngani mukodhi dzingada kugadziriswa kana ndaifanira kuwedzera imwe nhamba?" Mushanduro "inogoneka", iwe uchada kuwedzera rimwe bazi uye kuwedzera nhamba itsva mune gumi dzimwe nzvimbo. Mu "zvaidiwa" zvakakwana kuwedzera bazi rimwe chete.
Seta basa racho kuburitsa "inoda" sarudzo, wobva watsvaga pateni mune kodhi, ita shanduko inochinja uye nyora loop.
Kana iwe uine zano rekugadzirisa dambudziko iri pasina loop neimwe nzira, ndapota nyora mumashoko.

Loops mukati meLoops

Muchikamu chino iwe unofanirwa kutarisa kune zvinotevera:
- macounter emukati nekunze zvishwe anofanira kunge akasiyana siyana.
- iyo counter yemukati loop inofanira kugadziriswa kakawanda (kureva, mumuviri wekunze loop).
— mumabasa ekubuda kwemavara, haugone kutanga wanyora vara rimwe mumitsara yakati wandei, wozonyora yechipiri. Unofanira kutanga wadhinda mabhii ese emutsara wekutanga, wozonyora mabhii ese echipiri, zvichingodaro.

Zvakanakisisa kutanga kutsanangura musoro wezvishwe mukati mezvishwe nekutsanangura kukosha kwekugadzirisa zvakare counter kune zero.
Muenzaniso basa:

Mushandisi anoisa nhamba mbiri: R uye T. Dhinda mitsetse miviri ye "#" mavara. Mutsetse wekutanga unofanira kunge uine maR mavara. Mutsara wechipiri une maT zvidimbu. Kana imwe nhamba iri negative, ratidza meseji yemhosho.

R=5, T=11#####
# # #

R=20, T=3#####################
###

R=-1, T=6Iko R value haifanire kunge isiri-negative

R=6, T=-2T value haifanire kunge isiri-negative

Zviripachena, dambudziko iri rinewo zvingangoita zviviri zvinogadzirisa.
Desired

string temp;
int R;
int T;
temp = Console.ReadLine();
R = int.Parse(temp);
temp = Console.ReadLine();
T = int.Parse(temp);
int i = 0;
while (i < R)
{
    Console.Write("#");
    i = i + 1;
}
Console.WriteLine();
i = 0;
while (i < T)
{
    Console.Write("#");
    i = i + 1;
}

Zvinogoneka #1

string temp;
int R;
int T;
temp = Console.ReadLine();
R = int.Parse(temp);
temp = Console.ReadLine();
T = int.Parse(temp);
int i = 0;
while (i < R)
{
    Console.Write("#");
    i = i + 1;
}
Console.WriteLine();
int j = 0;
j = 0;
while (j < T)
{
    Console.Write("#");
    j = j + 1;
}

Musiyano ndewekuti mune "zvinogoneka" mhinduro, chechipiri shanduko yakashandiswa kuburitsa mutsara wechipiri. Iwe unofanirwa kusimbirira pakushandisa shanduko yakafanana kune ese zvishwe. Kuganhurirwa uku kunogona kupembedzwa nenyaya yekuti mhinduro ine kaunda imwe chete yematenderedzwa maviri ichave mufananidzo wezwi rekuti "counter reset". Kunzwisisa izwi iri kunodiwa pakugadzirisa zvinotevera matambudziko. Sekubvumirana, unogona kuchengetedza zvese zviri zviviri mhinduro kudambudziko.

Dambudziko rakajairwa nekushandisa imwe counter dhizaini yezvishwe zviviri inoita seizvi:
R=5, T=11#####
######

Nhamba yezvinyorwa mumutsara wechipiri haienderani nekukosha kweT. Kana iwe uchida rubatsiro nedambudziko iri, saka iwe unoda kutarisa mune zvinyorwa pamusoro pezvinetso zvinowanzoitika nezvishwe. Ichi chiratidzo #3. Inoonekwa kana iwe ukawedzera mutengo wekupokana nekukurumidza pamberi pechipiri kutenderera. Yakagadziriswa nekugadzirisa zvakare. Asi zviri nani kuti urege kutaura izvi pakarepo. Mudzidzi anofanira kuedza kugadzira pfungwa imwe chete.

Pane, chokwadi, imwe mhinduro. Asi handisati ndambozviona pakati pevadzidzi. Padanho rekufunda kutenderera, nyaya pamusoro payo ichakanganisa kutarisa. Iwe unogona kudzoka kwairi gare gare kana uchidzidza nezve tambo mabasa.
Zvinogoneka #2

string temp;
int R;
int T;
temp = Console.ReadLine();
R = int.Parse(temp);
temp = Console.ReadLine();
T = int.Parse(temp);
Console.WriteLine(new String('#', R));
Console.WriteLine(new String('#', T));

Basa rinotevera rinodikanwa:

Ratidza nhamba kubva 0 kusvika 9. Nhamba imwe neimwe inofanira kuva pamutsetse wayo. Nhamba yemanhamba mumutsara (W) inoiswa kubva pakiibhodhi.

W=10
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

W=100000000000
1111111111
2222222222
3333333333
4444444444
5555555555
6666666666
7777777777
8888888888
9999999999

Kana mudzidzi akagona nzira yekutsiva shanduko, ipapo achaita nekukurumidza. Dambudziko rinogoneka richava zvakare mukugadzirisa shanduko. Kana iwe usingakwanise kubata shanduko, zvinoreva kuti wanga uchikurumidza uye unofanirwa kugadzirisa matambudziko ari nyore.

Ndinokutendai nekuteerera kwenyu. Like uye nyoresa kuchiteshi.

PS Kana iwe ukawana typos kana kukanganisa mune zvinyorwa, ndapota ndizivise. Izvi zvinogona kuitwa nekusarudza chikamu chezvinyorwa uye kudzvanya "⌘ + Enter" paMac, uye "Ctrl / Enter" pamakibhodhi ekirasi, kana kuburikidza neakavanzika mameseji. Kana izvi zvingasarudzwa zvisipo, nyora pamusoro pezvikanganiso mumashoko. Ndatenda!

Vashandisi vakanyoresa chete ndivo vanogona kutora chikamu muongororo. Nyorera mu, Munogamuchirwa.

Sarudzo yevaverengi vasina karma

• 20,0%Ndinodzidzisa nehunyanzvi, +12

• 10,0%Ndinodzidzisa zvine hunyanzvi, -11

• 70,0%Handidzidzisi, +17

• 0,0%handidzidzisi, -10

• 0,0%Zvimwe0

10 vashandisi vakavhota. 5 vashandisi vakaramba.

Source: www.habr.com