Quora: Ndechipi chinhu chinoshamisa chakaitwa nemakombuta?
Alan Kay: Ndichiri kuedza kudzidza kufunga zviri nani.
Ndinofunga kuti mhinduro yacho ichafanana zvikuru nemhinduro kumubvunzo wokuti βchii chakanyanya kushamisa icho kunyora (uyezve muchina wokudhinda) kwakaita kuti kubvire.β
Hakusi kuti kunyora uye kudhinda kwakagonesa nzira yakasiyana zvachose yekufamba munguva nenzvimbo, chinova chinhu chinoshamisa uye chakakosha, asi kuti nzira itsva yekufamba nemazano yakaonekwa semhedzisiro yezvinoreva kudzidza kuverenga uye. nyora zvakanaka. Zvidzidzo zvakawanda zvakaratidza kuti tsika dzekuverenga dzakasiyana zvakasiyana netsika dzechivanhu dzepamuromo, uye kuti hukama pakati pekunyora nebudiriro iripo uye haisi masanga.
Imwezve shanduko yehunhu yakaitika nekuuya kwekudhinda, uye zvese zviri zviviri shanduko idzi zvinokatyamadza, sezvo imwe neimwe yadzo pakutanga yaive mhando yezvaive zvambouya: kurekodha kutaura uye kudhinda zvakanyorwa. Muzviitiko zvese izvi, musiyano waive "chii chimwe?" "Uye chii futi?" zvine chekuita ne "zvakasiyana" zvinoitika kana munhu achitsetsenura chero chiridzwa, kunyanya chinotakura zvese pfungwa nezviito.
Pane zvimwe zvakawanda zvinogona kuwedzerwa pano zvingapfuura hurefu hwemhinduro yakajairwa yeQuora, asi chokutanga ngatitarisei kuti kunyora nekudhinda zvinorevei pakutsanangura nenharo. Nzira nyowani dzekunyora nekuverenga dzave kuwanikwa muchimiro, kureba, chimiro uye mhando yemukati. Uye izvi zvese zvinokura pamwe nemhando itsva dzemazano.
Mukuona kweizvi, mubvunzo unogona kubvunzwa sezvinotevera: chii chakanyanya kunaka uye chakakosha icho makombiyuta anounza. Funga nezve zvazvinoreva kwete kungotsanangura pfungwa, asiwo kukwanisa kuitevedzera, kuishandisa, uye kuongorora zvarinoreva uye fungidziro dzakavanzwa nenzira isina kumbobvira yaitwa. Joseph Carl Robnett Licklider, uyo akaronga tsvakurudzo yekutanga yeARPA iyo yakatungamirira kumagetsi emazuva ano emakombiyuta evanhu uye mambure eubiquitous, akanyora muna 1960 (achitsanangura zvishoma): "Mumakore mashomanana, hukama pakati pevanhu nemakombiyuta huchatanga kufunga seizvi . sezvisina kumbofungwa nemunhu.β
Chiratidzo ichi chakatanga chakabatana nemamwe maturusi nemotokari, asi munguva pfupi yakagamuchirwa sechiratidzo chakakura kwazvo cheshanduko yemhando dzekutaurirana uye nzira dzekufunga dzaizove dzechimurenga seizvo zvinounzwa nekunyora nekudhinda.
Kuti tinzwisise zvakaitika, tinofanira kungotarisa nhoroondo yekunyora nekudhinda kuti ticherechedze mhedzisiro miviri yakasiyana: (a) kutanga, shanduko huru kwazvo mumakore mazana mana nemakumi mashanu apfuura munzira iyo nyika dzenyama nedzemagariro dzinoonekwa kuburikidza nekugadzirwa kwe sainzi yemazuva ano uye manejimendi, uye (b) kuti vanhu vazhinji vanoverenga zvachose vachiri kunyanya kuda ngano, kuzvibatsira uye mabhuku echitendero, mabhuku ekubika, nezvimwewo (zvichibva pamabhuku akaverengwa zvakanyanya emakore gumi apfuura muAmerica). Misoro yese yaizozivikanwa kune chero caveman.
Imwe nzira yokutarisa nayo izvi ndeyokuti kana nzira itsva ine simba yokuzvitaura ikamuka iyo yakanga ichishayikwa mumagene edu kuti ive rutivi rwetsika dzechivanhu, tinofanira kuva vanotsetsenura mazviri ndokuishandisa. Pasina kudzidziswa kwakakosha, midhiya mitsva inonyanyo shandiswa kugadzirisa mafungiro ekare. Pano zvakare, mhedzisiro inotimirira, kunyanya kana nzira nyowani dzekuparadzira ruzivo dzakanyanya kushanda kupfuura dzekare, izvo zvinogona kutungamirira kune glut inoita semishonga yepamutemo (sezvakaita pakukwanisa kwekuchinja kwemaindasitiri kugadzira shuga uye mafuta, saka munharaunda anogona Pachave nekuwanda kwenyaya, nhau, zvimiro uye nzira nyowani dzekutaura kwekutaura.
Kune rimwe divi, dzinenge dzese sainzi nehuinjiniya zvinogoneka chete nekuda kwemakomputa, uye zvakanyanya nekuda kwekugona kwemakomputa kutevedzera pfungwa (kusanganisira "pfungwa yekufunga" pachayo), kupihwa mupiro wakakura uyo kudhinda kwatove. made.
Einstein akacherechedza kuti βhatigoni kupedza zvinetso zvedu nemwero mumwe chetewo wokufunga wakazvisika.β Tinogona kushandisa makomputa kugadzirisa akawanda ematambudziko edu makuru nenzira itsva.
Kune rumwe rutivi, tichava mudambudziko rakaipisisa kana tikashandisa makomputa kugadzira nhanho itsva dzezvinetso izvo mwero wedu wekufunga hauna kuchinjirwa uye izvo zvinofanirwa kudziviswa nekubviswa. Enzaniso yakanaka inogona kuwanikwa mumashoko okuti βzvombo zvenyukireya zvine ngozi mumaoko emunhu chero api zvawo,β asi βzvombo zvenyukireya zviri mumaoko evaparidzi zvine ngozi zvikuru.β
Hurukuro yakanyorwa naVie Hart: "Tinofanira kuve nechokwadi chekuti huchenjeri hwevanhu hunopfuura simba remunhu."
Uye hatiwani uchenjeri pasina nhamburiko yakati, zvikurukuru nevana vachangotanga kuumba pfungwa dzavo pamusoro penyika yavakaberekerwa.
Shanduro: Yana Shchekotova
Zvimwe zvinyorwa naAlan Kay
Source: www.habr.com