"Chimwe chezvikonzero zvekuenda kuyunivhesiti ndeyekupfuura kudzidziswa basa remaoko uye kubata pfungwa dzakadzama."
Ngatimbofunga nezvemubvunzo uyu zvishoma. Makore akati kuti apfuura, madhipatimendi eComputer Science akandikoka kuti ndipe hurukuro kumayunivhesiti akati wandei. Zvinenge zvakangoitika, ndakabvunza vateereri vangu vekutanga vevasati, vadzidzi vakapedza kudzidza, uye mapurofesa nezve tsanangudzo yavo ye "Computer Science." Wese munhu aigona kungopa tsananguro yeinjiniya. Ndakaita izvi munzvimbo imwe neimwe itsva, uye kwose kwose kwaiva nemigumisiro yakafanana.
Mumwe mubvunzo waive: "Douglas Engelbart ndiani?" Vanhu vakati wandei vakati, "chaive chisiri chekuita nembeva yekombuta here?" (uye izvi zvakandiodza moyo kwazvo, sezvo nzanga yangu yesainzi yakanga yaisa simba rakawanda mukuita chokwadi chekuti mhinduro kumubvunzo uyu yaikwanisika nekudzvanya kaviri kana katatu mbeva uye nekugutsikana kuti Engelbart aive nechekuita nekombuta) .
Chikamu chechinetso chakanga chiri kushaikwa kwechido chokuziva, kumwe kupfupika kwezvinangwa zvomunhu oga zvakanga zvisina chokuita nokudzidza, pamwe pacho kusanzwisisa kuti iyi sayenzi yaiva chii, nezvimwe zvakadaro.
Ndanga ndichishanda chikamu-nguva mudhipatimendi resainzi yekombuta paYunivhesiti yeCalifornia kwemakore akati wandei (ini ndiri purofesa, asi handifanire kuenda kumisangano yedhipatimendi). Nguva nenguva ndinodzidzisa makirasi, dzimwe nguva vadzidzi vegore rokutanga. Kwemakore, iyo yatove yakaderera mwero wekuda kuziva muComputer Science yakadzikira zvakanyanya (asi danho rekuzivikanwa rakawedzerawo, sezvo komputa inoonekwa senzira yebasa rinobhadhara zvakanaka kana uchikwanisa kodhi uye kuwana chitupa kubva kumusoro. 10 chikoro). Saizvozvo, hapana kana mudzidzi mumwe chete akambonyunyuta kuti mutauro wekutanga paYunivhesiti yeCalifornia ndeyeC ++!
Zvinoita sekuti takatarisana nemamiriro ezvinhu umo zvese zvinoreva "Komputa" uye "Sainzi" zvakaparadzwa nemafungiro asina simba, makuru ekugadzira izwi idzva - rudzi rwechinyorwa pajean - rinonzwika rakanaka asi riri. hapana chinhu. Izwi rine hukama rakaparadzwa zvakafanana ndere "software engineering", iyo, zvakare, haina kushandisa pfungwa dzehungwaru dze "programming" uye "engineering", asi dzakangobatanidza (izvi zvakaitwa nemaune mumakore makumi matanhatu, pazvaiitwa. izwi rakagadzirwa).
Chimwe chezvikonzero zvekuenda kuyunivhesiti kuenda kupfuura kudzidziswa basa remaoko uye kubata pfungwa dzakadzama. Zvinoita sezvine musoro kwandiri kuti sumo yehunyanzvi uedze-kuburikidza nemienzaniso kana zvichibvira-kuita kuti vadzidzi vabatane nezvinetso zvehupenyu chaihwo uye vatange kunzwisisa izvo zvinonyanya kufadza, zvakakosha, uye pakati pemunda.
Vadzidzi vegiredhi rekutanga vanofara pavanoratidzwa kuti mutongi ari pamusoro pemumwe mutongi anova muchina wekuwedzera, wavanokwanisa kukunda nawo vana vegiredhi rechishanu pakuwedzera zvikamu. Uye ipapo ivo vachafara kutora chikamu mukuvandudzwa kwekuvandudzwa kwekuwedzera michina. Vakabata komputa chaiyo - chishandiso chemuviri uye chepfungwa chinotibatsira kufunga. Vakadzidza nzira inoshanda chaizvo yekumiririra nhamba - inoshanda kupfuura inodzidziswa muzvikoro!
Vakakwanisa kusanganisa pfungwa yavo yekuziva "kuwedzera" se "kuunganidza" nechimwe chinhu chakafanana neane simba zvivakwa zvitsva. Vakaironga kuti ikwanise kugadzirisa matambudziko akasiyana-siyana.
Vakakurisawo. Zvichingoenda zvakadaro. Iyi haisi kombiyuta yedhijitari. Uye iyi haisi kombiyuta ine purogiramu yakabatwa nemusoro. Asi ndiwo musimboti wekombuta. Kunge - Ichi ndicho chinonyanya kukosha chekombuta uye komputa.
Antikythera Mechanism
Tingasvika papi uye tingaita zvakawanda sei zvinhu zvisati zvabuda mumaoko uye isu tinorasika muzvinyorwa? Ndagara ndisingade kuita zvehunhu - wekutanga Turing Award anokunda, angave akagadzira izwi rekuti "Computer Science" - uyo mu60s akati: "Computer Sayenzi ndiyo sayenzi yemaitiro." Maitiro ese.
Nekuda kweQuora, ngatirege kuedza kusundidzira izvi mberi kana kuzvishandura kuita dzidziso dzechitendero. Ngatingoshandisa pfungwa yacho tichifara kuti tifunge zviri nani nezvemunda wedu. Uye kunyanya nezve nzira yekudzidzisa nayo. Iye zvino tinoda kutarisa zvinoreva "sainzi" yemazuva ano, uye Perlis aive nechivimbo chekuti haifanire kuderedzwa nezvirevo zvekare (sekuti "kuunganidza ruzivo") uye mashandisirwo (senge "raibhurari sainzi" kana kunyange "social". sciences") "). Ne "sainzi" akaedza kunzwisisa chiitiko nekugadzira mhando / mepu dzinoedza kuratidza, "track" uye kufanotaura zviitiko.
Ndakapa mabvunzurudzo akati wandei nezve mamepu emhando yepamusoro uye mamodheru zvingawanzokwana T-shirt, semabatirwo anoitwa equations aMaxwell nevamwe. Enzaniso ndeyokuti kune βsainzi yemabhiriji,β kunyange zvazvo mabhiriji akawanda akagadzirwa nevanhu. Asi kana bhiriji ravakwa, rinomiririra zviitiko izvo masayendisiti anogona kudzidza, mabhiriji anogona kushandiswa kugadzira mhando dzemhando dzakawanda, uye kugadzira yakazara uye inobatsira "mabhiriji edzidziso." Chinonakidza ndechekuti iwe unokwanisa kugadzira nekuvaka mabhiriji matsva (ndakatotaura kuti hapana chimwe chinhu chinonakidza kupfuura masayendisiti uye mainjiniya anoshanda pamwechete kugadzirisa matambudziko makuru uye akakosha!)
Herbert Simon, Mubairo weTuring uye muhwina weNobel Prize, akazvidana zvese "sainzi yezvakagadzirwa" (uye akanyora bhuku rakanakisa rine zita rakafanana).
Rega ndikupe muenzaniso. Mumakore makumi mashanu, makambani nemayunivhesiti akavaka ndangariro makomputa ndokutanga kuagadzira - uye pakava nenguva yakakosha apo Fortran yakabuda muna 50 - iyo yanga isiri mutauro wekutanga wepamusoro-soro, asi pamwe wekutanga wakagadzirwa zvakanaka zvekuti wakave. inoshandiswa munzvimbo dzakawanda dzakasiyana, kusanganisira dzakawanda dzaimboitwa chete mumutauro wemashini.
Zvose izvi zvakakonzera "zviitiko".
John McCarthy
Nhoroondo yaLisp yakanyanya kuoma, asi John McCarthy akatanga kufarira kuedza kutsvaga "masvomhu dzidziso yekuverenga" uye akatsunga kuita kuti zvese zvishande zvakakwana. Iyo eval function, iyo inodudzira Lisp, inogona kukwana nyore paT-shirt! Kuenzaniswa ne "programming system," izvi hazvina basa. Zvinotonyanya kukosha, iyi "dzidziso yekuverenga" yaive pfungwa ine simba kupfuura Fortran! Iri raive zano rakanakisa rebhiriji!
Iyo diki hunhu hweLisp inobvumira iyo pfungwa yese yehurongwa kutorwa mukudzvanya kwakati pakadzika nhanho uye kuti ifungidzirwe padanho rinoita senge risingagoneke kana iwe uchitarisa mahombe ezvigadzirwa (ichi ndicho chimwe chezvikonzero nei masayendisiti achida masvomhu kuti ave compact uye ane simba). Masvomhu anoshandiswa pano isvomhu itsva nekuti inobvumira pfungwa dzakaita sekuti "pamberi" uye "mushure" uye izvi zvinotungamira kune "variable logic" iyo inobvumira kutsamira kwekushanda uye kuyerera kwepfungwa kuchengetedzwa uku ichibvumirawo chinzvimbo uye ndima. yenguva. (Izvi hazvisati zvanzwisiswa munguva yedu munyika ine hutsinye yemamiriro ehurongwa).
Lisp, semutauro une simba wekuronga uye mutauro wesimbi unogona kumiririra dzidziso yayo, muenzaniso wesainzi yekombuta yechokwadi. Kana iwe ukaidzidza uye zvimwe zvinhu zvakafanana, iwe unozogona kufunga zvakadzama uye kuve nehanya zvakanyanya kune yako mafambiro kupfuura kana iwe wakangodzidza kuronga muFortran kana zvakaenzana zvayo zvemazuva ano (... saka iwe unogona kuswedera pedyo nevagadziri vepurogiramu! )
Iwe unozodzidza zvakawanda nezve akakosha marudzi edhizaini anodiwa mukombuta (semuenzaniso, haiwanzo kufarirwa kana komputa kazhinji inoda kuenda kunze kwenzvimbo yekombuta: chimwe chehunhu hwakakosha hwekuchengeterwa nyoro komputa ndechekuti haisi zvinhu zvechirongwa, asi zvinhu zvekombuta nyowani).
Chimwe chikonzero chekusarudza tsananguro yaPerlis ndechekuti, kazhinji, komputa ine hanya zvakanyanya nekugadzirwa kwemasisitimu emhando dzakawanda pane nealgorithms, "data zvimiro" kana kunyange hurongwa pachayo. Semuyenzaniso, komputa isystem, komputa isystem, network yemuno neInternet masisitimu, uye mapurogiramu mazhinji anofanirwa kunge ari masisitimu ari nani pane zvaari (maitiro ekare ehurongwa kubva kuma50s aigara kusvika pakuita sekuti chirongwa chinofanira kunge chiri nani. seizvi - hapana chingave chiri kure kubva kuchokwadi).
Indaneti muenzaniso wakanaka - kusiyana nemapurogiramu akawanda mazuva ano, Indaneti haidi kumira kugadzirisa kana kuvandudza chero chinhu - yakafanana nehupenyu hwehupenyu - nechinangwa chedu - kupfuura izvo vanhu vakawanda vanofunga nezvekombiyuta. Uye yakanyanya scalable uye yakavimbika kupfuura dzinenge dzese software system dziripo nhasi. Izvi zvakakosha kufunga nezvazvo usati wadzidzisa pfungwa dzisina simba kune newbie programmers!
Saka chatinofanira kuita mugore rekutanga Computer Science kosi kufunga kuti chii chaizvo chingave chiri kuitwa nevadzidzi pakutanga, tobva taedza kugara mukati me "cognitive load" yavo kuvabatsira kusvika kune zvakakosha. Zvakakosha "kuramba uri chaiye" uye kutsvaga nzira dzakatendeseka uye dzakakodzera kune avo vachangotanga. (Ndapota usadzidzise pfungwa dzakaipa nekuda kwekuti dzinoita sedzakareruka - pfungwa zhinji dzakaipa dziri nyore!).
Vadzidzi vanofanirwa kutanga nekugadzira chimwe chinhu chine akawanda akakosha maitiro andataura pano. Inofanira kunge iri hurongwa hwezvikamu zvakati wandei zvinopindirana, zvichingodaro. Nzira yakanaka yekusarudza kuti ndeupi mutauro wekushandisa ndeyekungoita chimwe chinhu chine zviuru zvezvikamu zvinodyidzana! Kana zvisiri, saka iwe unofanirwa kuwana imwe. Chinhu chakaipisisa chaunogona kuita kuisa vadzidzi munzira yekunyanya kutsetsenura, izvo zvinozodzikamisa pfungwa huru. Zvinongovauraya - uye tinoda kuvasimudza, kwete kuvauraya.
Nezve GoTo Chikoro
- June 17-30, July 15-28, August 12-25
Source: www.habr.com