Alan Kay: "Mabhuku api aungakurudzira kuverenga kune mumwe munhu ari kudzidza Computer Science?"

Muchidimbu, ndinorayira kuverenga mabhuku mazhinji asina hukama nesainzi yekombuta.

Izvo zvakakosha kuti unzwisise kuti pfungwa ye "sainzi" inzvimbo ipi mu "Computer Sayenzi", uye kuti "engineering" zvinorevei mu "Software Engineering".

Pfungwa yemazuva ano ye "sainzi" inogona kuumbwa seizvi: kuedza kushandura zviitiko mumienzaniso inogona kutsanangurwa uye kufanotaura zviri nyore. Panyaya iyi unogona kuverenga "Science of the Artificial" (rimwe remabhuku aHerbert Simon anokosha). Iwe unogona kuzvitarisa nenzira iyi: kana vanhu (kunyanya vanogadzira) vakagadzira mabhiriji, saka masayendisiti anogona kutsanangura izvi zviitiko nekugadzira mhando. Chinhu chinonakidza pamusoro peizvi ndechekuti sainzi inogara ichitsvaga nzira nyowani uye dziri nani dzekuvaka mabhiriji, saka hushamwari pakati pesainzi nevagadziri hunogona kuvandudza gore rega rega.

Muenzaniso weizvi kubva kunharaunda Computer Science ndiJohn McCarthy achifunga nezvemakomputa mukupera kwe50s, ndiko kuti, hupamhi hunoshamisa hwezvavanogona kuita (AI zvimwe?), uye kusikwa kwemuenzaniso wekombuta uri mutauro, uye unogona kushanda semutauro wayo wega. Lisp). Bhuku rangu randinofarira pamusoro penyaya iyi Iro Lisp 1.5 Manual kubva kuMIT Press (naMcCarthy et al.). Chikamu chekutanga chebhuku rino chinoramba chiri chekirasi pakufunga kwakawanda uye nezve tekinoroji yeruzivo kunyanya.

(Bhuku "Smalltalk: mutauro uye kushandiswa kwayo" rakazobudiswa gare gare, vanyori varo (Adele Goldberg naDave Robson) vakafuridzirwa nezvose izvi. Iinewo tsanangudzo yakakwana yekushandiswa kunoshanda kweprojekti, yakanyorwa mubhuku Smalltalk mutauro pachawo, nezvimwewo).

Ndinonyatsoda bhuku rinonzi "The Art of the Metaobject Protocol" naKickzales, Bobrow naRivera, rakabudiswa kunyange gare gare kupfuura yekare. Iri rimwe remabhuku iwayo anogona kunzi "serious computer science." Chikamu chekutanga chakanyanya kunaka.

Rimwe basa resainzi kubva muna 1970 rinogona kunzi rakakomba Computer Science - "A Control Definition Language" naDave Fisher (Carnegie Mellon University).

Bhuku rangu randinofarira pamakomputa ringaite senge riri kure neiyo IT munda, asi yakanaka uye inofadza kuverenga: Computation: Finite uye Infinite Machines naMarvia Minsky (circa 1967). Rinongova bhuku rinoshamisa.

Kana iwe uchida rubatsiro ne "sayenzi", ndinowanzokurudzira mabhuku akasiyana-siyana: Newton's Principia (bhuku rekutanga resayenzi uye gwaro rekutanga), Bruce Alberts' The Molecular Biology of the Cell, etc. Kana, semuenzaniso, bhuku naMaxwell's manotsi, nezvimwewo.

Iwe unofanirwa kuziva kuti "Computer Sayenzi" ichiri chishuwo chekuwana, kwete chimwe chinhu chawanikwa.

"Engineering" zvinoreva "kugadzira nekuvaka zvinhu nenzira ine nheyo, nyanzvi." Chiyero chinodiwa cheunyanzvi uhwu chakanyanya kukwirira kune ese minda: yevagari, yemagetsi, yemagetsi, yehupenyu, nezvimwe.

Ichi chikamu chinofanirwa kudzidzwa nekunyatsonzwisisa kuti zvinorevei chaizvo kuita "engineering."

Kana iwe uchida rubatsiro ne "engineering", edza kuverenga nezvekugadzira Empire State Building, Hoover Dam, Golden Gate Bridge zvichingoenda zvakadaro. Ndinoda bhuku rinonzi Now It Can Be Told, rakanyorwa naMajor General Leslie Groves (nhengo inoremekedzwa yeManhattan Project). Iye injinjini, uye nyaya iyi haisi yeLos Alamos POV chirongwa (chaakatungamirawo), asi nezve Oak Ridge, Hanford, nezvimwewo, uye kubatanidzwa kunoshamisa kwevanhu vanopfuura zviuru mazana matanhatu uye mari yakawanda yekuita dhizaini yakakosha kugadzira zvinhu zvinodiwa.

Zvakare, funga nezve iyo munda usina chikamu che "software engineering" - zvakare, iwe unofanirwa kunzwisisa kuti "software engineering" mune chero "engineering" pfungwa zvachose inoramba iri chishuwo chekuwana, kwete kubudirira.

Makombiyuta imhando ye "media" uye "intermediaries", saka tinofanira kunzwisisa zvavanotiitira uye kuti vanotikurudzira sei. Verenga Marshall McLuhan, Neil Postman, Innis, Havelock, nezvimwe. Mark Miller (taura pazasi) angondiyeuchidza kuti ndikurudzire bhuku rinonzi Technics and Human Development, Vol. 1 kubva munhevedzano "Nhema dzeMuchina" naLewis Mumford, mutangiri mukuru wemazano ese enhau uye chinhu chakakosha cheanthropology.

Zvakandiomera kuti ndikurudzire bhuku rakanaka pamusoro peanthropology (zvichida mumwe munhu angadaro), asi kunzwisisa vanhu sezvipenyu ndicho chinhu chakakosha chedzidzo uye chinofanira kudzidzwa zvakakwana. Mune imwe yezvakataurwa pazasi, Matt Gabourey akakurudzira Human Universals (ndinofunga anoreva bhuku raDonald Brown). Iri bhuku rinoda kuverengwa nekunzwisiswa - harisi pasherufu imwe chete nemabhuku akanangana nedomeni akadai seMolecular Biology of the Cell.

Ndinoda mabhuku aEdward Tufte's Envisioning Information: averenge ose.

Mabhuku aBertrand Russell achiri kubatsira zvakanyanya, kana kungofunga zvakadzama nezve "izvi neicho" ( A History of Western Philosophy ichiri kushamisa).

Mapoinzi akawanda ekuona ndiyo chete nzira yekurwisa chishuwo chemunhu chekutenda nekugadzira zvitendero, ndosaka bhuku rangu randinoda renhoroondo Destiny Yakakanganiswa naTamim Ansari. Akakurira muAfghanistan, akatamira kuUnited States pazera re16, uye anokwanisa kunyora yakajeka, inojekesa nhoroondo yenyika kubva panguva yaMuhammad kubva pakuona kwenyika ino uye pasina kufona kusingakoshi kuti atende.

* POV (kuparidzirwa kwekusiyana) - kupararira kwekupokana muuchapupu (approx.)

Kuturikira kwakaitwa nerutsigiro rwekambani EDISON Softwareuyo ari nyanzvi inonyora software yeIoT pachiyero chemaguta,uye inogadzira software yematomographs matsva .

Source: www.habr.com