Iyo semiconductor indasitiri idiki chaizvo, ine makambani makuru mazhinji angori makumi emakore apfuura. Asi kunewo veterans vanopemberera hafu yezana ramakore. Izvi zvinosanganisira Intel (iyo Makore makumi mashanu kubva pakuvambwa kwayo gore rapfuura) uye mukwikwidzi wayo wenguva refu AMD. Tinokukoka iwe kuti uyeuke zvimwe zvakakosha munhoroondo yakapfuma yekambani, iyo yakavambwa muna Chivabvu 50, 1 ine dzimbahwe muSunnyvale (California) ine guta rine mvumo yemadhora zviuru makumi mashanu chete.
Mukuru wekutanga we AMD, munaGunyana 1969, aive mumwe wevatambi vayo, Jerry Sanders, akatungamira kambani iyi kwemakore makumi matatu nematatu asati asiya basa muna Kubvumbi 33. Iyo kambani inodada kuti imwe yemitsara yake ine mukurumbira yaive "Chinhu chikuru vanhu, uye zvigadzirwa nemari zvinozotevera," iyo AMD inoedza kutevera nhasi.
Kubudirira kukuru kwekambani kuburitswa munaGunyana 1970 kweiyo indasitiri yekutanga bhinary/hexadecimal logic counter, iyo Am2501 (AMD's own dhizaini), iyo yakaratidza kubudirira zvakanyanya mumusika uye yakava chiitiko chikuru kuindasitiri yese. . Mamwe makore maviri akapfuura, uye munaGunyana 1972 kambani yakaenda kuruzhinji: zviuru mazana mashanu emasheya akapihwa pamutengo wemadhora gumi nemashanu ega ega: $500 miriyoni yakasimudzwa sechikamu chekutanga kupihwa pachena kwezvibatiso pamusika wemasheya.
Mumakore ekutanga ekuvapo kwayo, AMD, kuwedzera kune yayo machipisi, yakagadzirawo ma processors pasi perezinesi. Semuenzaniso, muna 1975, kambani yakasaina chibvumirano chekupa marezinesi neIntel ndokutanga kuburitsa PC processor yayo yekutanga (am9080, yakafanana neIntel 8080), yakagadziridzwa ne AMD zvichibva pane reverse engineering, iyo yaienderana neyekutanga mukuraira. set, asi panguva imwecheteyo 40 % yakaipfuura.
Chiitiko chikuru chekambani kwaive kusaina chibvumirano neIBM muna 1982, pasi payo AMD yakava mutengesi wechipiri wemicroprocessors yeIBM PC ine iAPX86 yekuvakisa. Muna Kukadzi 1986, AMD yakaunza yekutanga megabit yenyika (65K × 16-bit) inoverengeka kuverenga-chete ndangariro EPROM chip, yakagadzirwa ichishandisa AMD yakasarudzika CMOS maitiro. Chigadzirwa chakabvumira vagadziri kukurumidza prototype uye kugadzirisa mhinduro dzavo dzemisika dzakasiyana.
Muna Kurume 1991, AMD yakaunza mhuri yeAm386 yema processor, inoenderana ne32-bit 80386 processors - ivo vaive nemukurumbira seanodhura anodhura analogues kune Intel mhinduro. Muna Kubvumbi 1993, iyo Am486 yakapinda mumusika, iyo yakapfuura iyo Intel analogue mukuita ne20% uye yaive nemubhadharo wakafanana. Ese aya aive, muchokwadi, ma clones eIntel mhinduro.
Kurume 1996 yakaona kutanga kweanozivikanwa 350 nm AMD-K5 processors, yekutanga yakazvimiririra yakagadziridzwa x86 processor kuti ienderane neanokwikwidza pad asi zvichibva pane iyo RISC dhizaini. Mirayiridzo yenguva dzose yakadzokororwa kuita microinstructions, iyo yakabatsira zvikuru kuvandudza kubudirira. Asi AMD haina kukwanisa kudarika Intel muhuwandu panguva ino.
Kuburitswa kwemachipi e AMD-K6 muna Kubvumbi 1997 kwakaita kuti zvikwanise kudzikisa mutengo wePC kekutanga pasi pemucherechedzo wepfungwa we $1000. Aya 250 nm machipi aive akavakirwa pakuvandudza kweNextGen uye imwe RISC-yakavakirwa Nx686 architecture. AMD yaivimba nemutengo-kuita reshiyo, sezvo zvaisaita kurova iyo Pentium II. Iyo K6 architecture yakavandudzwa kakawanda (maseti akati wandei akawedzerwa kuK6 II pasi pezita 3DNow! tekinoroji, uye L6 cache yakawedzerwa kuK2 III).
Nekudaro, budiriro chaiyo ye AMD yakauya zvakare muna Chikumi 1999 nekutanga kwechinomwe chizvarwa processors, yakakurumbira Athlon, iyo yakabvumira kambani kubvuta chanza maererano nekuita kubva kuIntel. Aya aive zvakare mapurosesa ekutanga kushandisa mhangura pachinzvimbo chealuminium.
Muna Kurume 2000, iyo Athlon 1000 yakaburitswa, iyo kekutanga muindasitiri yakasvika iyo 1 GHz wachi yekumhanyisa mamaki. Uye kare muna June 2001, nguva yemazuva ano e-multi-core processors yakatanga nekubudiswa kweAthlon MP. Nenzira, Athlon MP yaive yekutanga AMD mhinduro yakagadzirwa neziso pane sevha uye musika wekushandira.
Musi waKubvumbi 25, 2002, CEO mutsva, Hector Ruiz, anga ashanda kukambani seCOO neMutungamiri kubva muna Ndira 2000 uye aimbotungamira Motorola's semiconductor zvigadzirwa chikamu, akatora mabasa ekutonga kwe AMD. Kubva muna Ndira 2003, yakapinda muchibvumirano chehunyanzvi neIBM yekubatana kugadzira matekinoroji ekugadzira vachishandisa zvimiro zvepamberi uye zvinhu, zvinosanganisira SOI (silicon on insulator) transistors, copper interconnects uye yakagadziridzwa yakaderera dielectric inogara insulators.
Muna Kubvumbi 2003, yekutanga yenyika x86 processor ine 64-bit architecture, iyo yave nguva refu yave tsika, yakaonekwa. Yaive AMD64 yakavakirwa server Opteron. Kare munaGunyana, vashandisi vePC vakagamuchirawo 64-bit machipi muchimiro cheAthlon 64 FX, iyo yakazoonekwa seyepamusoro uye ane simba vatengi processors pamusika.
Chiitiko chenhoroondo chinotevera chaive chekutorwa muna Gumiguru 2006 kwemadhora mazana mashanu nemazana mana emadhora eATI Technologies, imwe yevagadziri vemakadhi evhidhiyo panguva iyoyo. Ndicho chikwata ichi, zvishoma nezvishoma chichichinja kuumbwa kwayo, icho chine mutoro kune ese anotevera maGPU anogadzirwa pasi peRadeon brand. Makadhi evhidhiyo akave chikamu chakakosha chebhizinesi rekambani uye chikamu chitsva chemusika ichi chakaibatsira kurarama munguva dzakaoma.
MunaGunyana 2007, yekutanga 4-core single-chip processor yakatangwa, inomiririrwa ne AMD Opteron. Yakagamuchirawo Rapid Virtualization Indexing tekinoroji yemabasa ekuona. Muna Chikumi 2008, AMD yakaunza FireSteam 9250 seGPU yekutanga kudarika 1 teraflops peak computing performance mark. Yakanga iri mhinduro yakasarudzika yezviverengero zvakaenzana zvechinangwa chekuverenga.
Kwapera mwedzi, muna Chikunguru 2008, AMD yakachinja zvakare CEO nemutungamiri wenyika - Dirk Meyer, akange ashanda kukambani iyi kubva 1995 uye aine ruoko mukutanga Athlon processor. Nehurombo kune kambani, yaive pasi pake kuti, kuitira kukwidziridza mutengo, nzvimbo zhinji dzakavimbisa dzakavharwa, kusanganisira kusimudzira nharembozha imwe-chip masisitimu yakavakirwa paArM - muna Ndira 2009, Qualcomm yakawana Imageon IP (ATI mobile graphics) uye inoenderera mberi nekuisimudzira muAdreno GPUs (iri zita ianagram yeRadeon).
Muna Kurume 2009, kambani yakafunga kutarisa nezvekuvandudza chip, kupatsanura kugadzira kuita mubatanidzwa mutsva neArab ATIC, GlobalFoundries. Iyo yekupedzisira yaivepo zvakabudirira, asi kwete kare kare varidzi vayo vakasiya makwikwi neTSMC, Samsung uye vamwe vanotungamira kondirakiti semiconductor vagadziri uye basa rakadzikira pakugadzira yepamusoro 7-nm zviyero.
Makadhi evhidhiyo ane mafambiro ari pamusoro pe1 GHz hazvishamise nhasi, asi yekutanga chigadzirwa chakadaro yaive ATI Radeon HD 2009 muna Chivabvu 4890, iyo yakagadzirwa mushanduro ine fekitori overclocking yeGPU kusvika 1 GHz uye kutonhora kwemhepo. Uye munaGunyana 2009, tekinoroji yeATI Eyefinity yakaunzwa, izvo zvakaita kuti zvikwanise kubatanidza kusvika kumatanhatu epamusoro-resolution kuratidza kune imwe vhidhiyo kadhi.
Kutora kweATI kwainyanya kusanganisa zvinobudirira maGPU neCPU kuita chigadzirwa chimwe, uye muna Chikumi 2010, AMD yakaratidza processor yayo yekutanga yakakwirisa paComputex 2010. Uye muna Ndira 2011, yekutanga single-chip APU yakaburitswa kumusika.
Muna Nyamavhuvhu 2011, chinzvimbo chemukuru wekambani chakachinjirwa kuna Rory Read, uyo akatama kubva kune imwe nzvimbo kubva kuLenovo Group. Muna Chikumi 2012, nekuda kwekuchengetedza (kunyanya kubhadhara kwakasiyana kwepamhepo), yakakosha musimboti yakavakirwa paArM TrustZone tekinoroji yakaunzwa mu AMD processors. Zvisinei, Reed haana kugara mubasa rake kwenguva refu - muna October 2014, kambani yaitungamirirwa nemutungamiri wayo iye zvino Lisa Su.
Muna 2012, AMD yakaunza dhizaini nyowani, Graphics Core Inotevera (GCN). Yekutanga vhidhiyo kadhi yaive Radeon HD 7770. GCN yakaunza tsigiro yex86 inotaura ine yakabatana kero nzvimbo yeCPU neGPU, RISC SIMD mirairo yakatanga kushandiswa pachinzvimbo cheVLIW MIMD yeGPGPU, uye dzimwe shanduko dzakaitwa. Kusvika ikozvino, chivakwa ichi, chinogara chichishanduka, ndicho hwaro hwekambani yemagetsi accelerators.
Yakanga iri GCN yakagadzira hwaro hwemazuva ano Xbox One uye PlayStation 2013 consoles yakaburitswa muna 2014-4 - ese masystem aive akavakirwa pane akafanana (ane akasiyana nuances) AMD single-chip masisitimu ane 8 Jaguar CPU cores uye imwe nhamba yeGPU computing. units. Zvinotendwa kuti chaiyo nyowani GPU yekuvaka kubva AMD ichave Navi, yakagadzirirwa PS5 uye Xbox Inotevera.
Muna Mbudzi 2014, AMD yakaunza yakavhurika chiyero chekuyananisa furemu kupa nescreen frequency - FreeSync, iyo inozivikanwawo seVESA Adaptive Sync uye, mushure merutsigiro rwazvino kubva kuNVIDIA sechikamu cheG-Sync kuenderana, yave, chokwadi, indasitiri. standard. Iyo tekinoroji inobvumidza iwe kuti ubvise kuputika kubvaruka, uku uchiwana kushoma kwekupindura lag uye yakatsetseka yemitambo nharaunda.
Muna Chikumi 2015, kambani yakaburitsa yekutanga vhidhiyo kadhi inosanganisa yakakwira-kumhanya HBM ndangariro uye GPU mupakeji imwe - iyo mureza AMD Radeon R9 Fury X yakagamuchira yakakura bandwidth uye yakapetwa katatu kuita pawatt yeGDDR ndangariro yechizvarwa chakapfuura.
AMD yanga isisina tariro kumashure kweIntel maererano neCPU performance kubvira mazuva eK10 neBulldozer, asi muna Chikumi 2016 mwenje wakatanga kupenya: kambani yakaratidza kekutanga processor yakavakirwa paiyo nyowani x86 Zen architecture ye AM4 pad. . Yakanga iri 8-musimboti, 16-tambo chip iyo, muna Zvita 2016, yakava chizvarwa chekutanga chesimba Ryzen CPUs, ichimanikidza Intel kufamba uye kutanga kuwedzera huwandu hwemacores zvakare. Hazvishamisi, kupihwa kuburitswa kwe AMD Threadripper processors kune vanofarira. Muzhizha ra2017, Zen architecture yakapinda mumusika weserver nekuda kweiyo EPYC mhuri.
MunaNovember wapfuura, kambani yakaunza yekutanga 7nm GPU yepasirese data data muchimiro cheRadeon Instinct MI60 uye MI40 yekudzidza muchina uye yakafanana zvakanyanya computing mabasa. Nechekare gore rino, yekutanga 7nm Radeon VII yakaburitswa, uye kutangwa kwepamusoro 7nm Ryzen 3000 processors zvichibva paZen 2 architecture uye 7nm makadhi evhidhiyo akavakirwa paNavi GPUs inotarisirwa munguva pfupi. Kazhinji, AMD iri kuwedzera, uye kambani ine nhoroondo yehafu yezana ramakore ichine zvakawanda zvezvinhu zvinonakidza muchitoro, senge Google Stadia chikuva.
Source: 3dnews.ru