Kubva kunze kweIOS, budiriro inogona kuita sekirabhu yakavharwa. Kuti ushande, iwe zvechokwadi unoda komputa yeApple; iyo ecosystem inodzorwa zvakanyanya nekambani imwe. Kubva mukati, iwe unogona zvakare dzimwe nguva kunzwa kupokana - vamwe vanoti mutauro weObjective-C wakare uye wakapusa, uye vamwe vanoti mutauro mutsva weSwift hauna kunaka.
Zvakadaro, vanogadzira vanoenda munzvimbo ino uye, kana vangovepo, vanogutsikana.
Panguva ino, Marat Nurgaliev naBoris Pavlov vakatiudza nezvechiitiko chavo - kuti vakadzidza sei basa racho, vakapasa sei kubvunzurudza kwavo kwekutanga, nei vakagamuchira kuramba. Uye Andrey Antropov, mukuru, akaita senyanzvi paGeekBrains.
Muna 2016, Marat Nurgaliev anobva mudunhu reAstrakhan akauya kuzowana basa semugadziri wenhare pakambani yeterevhizheni yemuno. Iyi yaive hurukuro yake yekutanga. Akanga achangodzoka kubva kuhondo, asina kudzidzira uye ruzivo, akanganwa kunyange dzidziso, iyo yaakanga atova nematambudziko. Chiitiko chaMarat chete mukusimudzira nhare yaive thesis yake yekuongorora kuburitswa kweruzivo kunoyerera kuburikidza neAroid application. Pamubvunzurudzo, akabvunzwa nezvezvidzidzo zvake, OOP nedzimwe dzidziso, asi Marat haana kukwanisa kuvanza mapeji muruzivo rwake.
Nekudaro, haana kurambwa, asi akapihwa basa rinoshanda - kuita kuratidza runyorwa rwenhau uchishandisa API mumavhiki maviri. Zvese zviri zviviri iOS uye Android. "Dai ndanga ndiine ruzivo pa Android, pakanga pasina kana chishandiso chekugadzira iOS vhezheni. Iyo iOS application yekuvandudza nharaunda inongowanikwa paMac. Asi mavhiki maviri gare gare ndakadzoka uye ndakaratidza zvandaigona kuita paAndroid. Ne iOS ndaifanira kuzvifungidzira pamhepo. Pakupedzisira vakanditora. Ipapo ndakagara muAstrakhan. Chero basa reIT rine muhoro unopfuura makumi maviri raindikodzera. "
Ndivanaani vanogadzira iOS?
Vagadziri venhare vanogadzira zvikumbiro zvechero mudziyo unotakurika. Mafoni, mahwendefa, smart wachi uye mamwe ese mapuratifomu anotsigira Android kana iOS. Misimboti yakakosha yekuvandudzwa kwenharembozha haina kusiyana neyakajairwa budiriro, asi nekuda kwezvishandiso zvakanangana, yakakamurwa kuita imwe nzira. Inoshandisa maturusi ayo, mitauro yekuronga uye masisitimu.
"Kuti ushande neIOS, unoda MacBook, nekuti chete ndiyo ine inodiwa Xcode budiriro nharaunda. Iyo yemahara uye yakagoverwa kuburikidza neAppStore. Kuti uise, unofanirwa kuva neApple ID yako uye hapana chimwe chinhu. MuXcode unogona kugadzira zvikumbiro zvechero chinhu - foni, piritsi, wachi. Pane yakavakirwa-mukati simulator uye mupepeti wezvese, "anodaro Andrey Antropov, mukuru wedhipatimendi rekuvandudza iOS kuGeekBrains.
"Asi nharaunda yekusimudzira inogona kuiswa paWindows kana ukashandisa Hackintosh. Iri ibasa rinoshanda, asi rekutenderera - hapana wevakakura vanogadzira anoita izvi. Vanotanga vanotenga MacBook yekare. Uye vane ruzivo vanowanzokwanisa kutenga modhi yazvino uno.”
Mitauro - Swift kana Chinangwa-C
Anenge ese ekuvandudza iOS anoitwa uchishandisa Swift programming mutauro. Yakaonekwa makore mashanu apfuura uye ikozvino zvishoma nezvishoma yave kutsiva yekare Objective-C mutauro, iyo Apple yakashandisa mukushandisa kwayo kwese kweanopfuura makore makumi matatu.
"Nheyo hombe yekodhi yakaunganidzwa muObjective-C, saka vanogadzira mumitauro miviri vachiri kudikanwa, zvichienderana nekambani, mabasa ayo uye mashandisiro. Zvikumbiro zvakanyorwa makore mazhinji apfuura zvakavakirwa paObjective-C. Uye ese mapurojekiti matsva anogadzirwa muSwift nekukasira. Iye zvino Apple iri kuita zvakawanda kugadzira kusimudzira panguva imwe chete kwefoni, piritsi, wachi uye MacBook zviri nyore sezvinobvira. Iyo kodhi imwechete inogona kuunganidzwa uye kumhanya kwese kwese. Izvi hazvina kumboitika. Kune iOS takagadzira muSwift, yeMacOS takashandisa Objective-C.
Sekureva kwaAndrey, Swift mutauro wakapfava une hushamwari kune vanotanga. Iyo yakanyatsotaipa, iyo inokutendera iwe kuti ubate zvikanganiso zvakawanda padanho rekugadzira purojekiti, uye kodhi isiriyo haishande.
"Chinangwa-C mutauro wekare - zera rakafanana nemutauro weC ++. Panguva yayakagadzirwa, zvinodiwa zvemitauro zvaive zvakasiyana zvachose. Pakabuda Swift, yaive buggy, mashandiro acho aive mashoma, uye syntax yaive yakaoma. Uye vanhu vaive nemaoko akazara neObjective-C. Yakave yakagadziridzwa kwemakore akawanda, zvikanganiso zvose zviripo zvakagadziriswa. Asi ikozvino ndinofunga Swift yakanaka seObjective-C. Kunyangwe Apple ichiri kushandisa ese ari maviri mumapurojekiti ayo. Mitauro yacho inonyanya kuchinjika uye inopindirana. Zvimiro nezvinhu zvemumwe mutauro zvinogona kushandurwa kuita zvinhu uye zvimiro zvemumwe mutauro. Zvakanaka kuziva sarudzo mbiri, asi kune vanotanga Chinangwa-C chinowanzoita sechinotyisa uye chinovhiringidza."
Kudzidzisa zvidzidzo
"Pabasa rangu rekutanga, mukuru wangu akandidzidzisa, akandibatsira mukuita uye kugadzira chirongwa," anodaro Marat, "Asi kushanda paAndroid neIOS panguva imwe chete kwakaoma. Zvinotora nguva kuvaka patsva, chinja kubva kupurojekiti kuenda kupurojekiti, kubva mumutauro kuenda kune mumwe mutauro. Pakupedzisira, ndakasarudza kuti ndaifanira kusarudza nzira imwe chete ndokuifunda. Ndakatengeswa paXcode's interface uye Swift's simple syntax. "
Marat akapinda mudhipatimendi rekuvandudza iOS kuGeekBrains. Pakutanga zvaive nyore, nekuti aiziva zvinhu zvakawanda kubva muruzivo rwebasa. Kosi yegore negore yakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zvina. Sekureva kwaAndrey, yekutanga inongopa izvo zvekutanga: "Nheyo yemutauro weSwift, ruzivo rwezvimiro zvekutanga, networking, kuchengetedza data, kutenderera kwehupenyu hwekushandisa, controller, zvivakwa zvekutanga, maraibhurari makuru anoshandiswa nemunhu wese, kuverenga kwakawanda uye kufanana mukati. zvikumbiro."
Chikamu chechipiri chinowedzera Chinangwa-C. Kosi inoitwa pamusoro pekuvaka uye ekutanga programming mapatani. Muchikamu chechitatu, vanodzidzisa maitiro chaiwo ekunyora kodhi. Inotsanangura kuti fekitori chii, kunyora bvunzo nemazvo, kugadzira mapurojekiti, kuti Git-Flow chii, Kuenderera Kubatanidzwa kuburikidza neFast Lane. Chikamu chechina uye chekupedzisira chakatsaurirwa kushanda pamwe chete, mabasa anoshanda uye internship.
"Chita chekutanga chaive nyore," anodaro Marat, "asi ndakazotanga kudzidza hurongwa muObjective-C, ndichidzidza magadzirirwo emagadzirirwo, misimboti yeSolid, Git-Flow, dhizaini yekuvaka, Unit uye UI kuyedzwa kwezvikumbiro, kumisikidza animation yetsika. - uye ipapo ini Zvakava zvinonakidza kudzidza. "
"Hazvina kutanga zvakanaka kwandiri kuGeekBrains," anodaro Boris Pavlov, uye nzira yake yekuvandudza iOS kazhinji yakanga isiri iyo yakananga. Mukomana akarerwa nambuya vake. Akanga ari mugadziri, nyanzvi yemasvomhu uye mugadziri uye akaisa muBoris rudo rwekugadzira, akamudzidzisa kudhirowa nemaoko uye kudhirowa. Sekuru vake vaive system administrator uye vaifarira muzukuru wavo macomputer.
Boris aive mudzidzi akanakisa, asi akarasikirwa nekufarira kudzidza uye akasiya chikoro mushure memakiredhi mapfumbamwe. Apedza kukoreji, akatanga kuchovha bhasikoro, uye makomputa akabva aenda kumashure. Asi rimwe zuva Boris akagamuchira kukuvara kwemusana, izvo zvakamutadzisa kuenderera mberi nebasa rake remitambo.
Akatanga kudzidza C ++ nemudzidzisi paIrkutsk Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics. Ipapo ndakafarira kusimudzira kwemutambo uye ndakaedza kuchinjira kuC #. Uye pakupedzisira, saMarat, akabatwa nemutauro weSwift.
“Ndakafunga kutora kosi yemahara yekusuma kuGeekBrains. Kutaura idi, akanga achifinha zvikuru, ane usimbe uye asinganzwisisi,” anoyeuka kudaro Boris, “mudzidzisi aitaura pamusoro pemativi omutauro wacho, asi aimhanya achibva pane mumwe musoro achienda kune mumwe asingadudzi chinhu chinokosha. Apo kosi yacho yakapera, ndakanga ndisati ndanzwisisa chinhu.”
Naizvozvo, mushure mekutanga kosi, Boris haana kunyoresa mukudzidziswa kwegore rose, asi mune pfupi kosi yemwedzi mitatu, kwavanodzidzisa izvo zvekutanga zvebasa racho. “Ndakawana vadzidzisi vakanaka ikoko, uye vakatsanangura zvose zvakajeka zvikuru.”
“Tinogara tichishoropodzwa, kunonzi mabhuku edu ekudzidzisa haasi echinyakare, pane asina kujeka. Asi makosi anogara achigadziridzwa, uye vadzidzisi vanogara vachitaura nezve zvitsva. Pamapoka andinotungamira, mazhinji anowana mabasa mushure mechikamu chekutanga. Chokwadika, kazhinji ava vanhu vane ruzivo rwokuzviwanira papurogiramu,” anodaro Andrey, “Ukuwo, zivo yose haigoni kupiwa munzira imwe chete. Kudyidzana kwemutengi wetiweki muhupenyu hakugone kukwana muhurukuro gumi dzemaawa maviri. Uye kana iwe uchingoenda kumakosi uye usingaiti chimwe chinhu, iwe hauzove neruzivo rwakakwana. Kana iwe uchidzidza zuva rega rega kwegore rose, saka panguva iyi simbe chete haingawani basa. Nekuti kudiwa kuri kuita basa kwakakwira zvakanyanya. "
Iwe unogona kuona zvakanyanya yevagadziri veIOS uye kunyorera kune vatsva.
basa
Asi Marat kana Boris haana kuwana basa nyore kudaro.
"Mamwe mafemu akakura ave nenguva achigadzira iOS application muObjective-C, uye anoenderera mberi nekuchengetedza iyo yekare kodhi base. Nehurombo, ini handina kupokana kunomanikidza kuvamanikidza kushandisa Swift chete. Kunyanya avo vanoshandisa mutemo "usabate zvinoshanda," anodaro Marat, "Kunyanya kutarisisa kunobhadharwa kune Objective-C kutungamira kuGeekbrains. Icho chinowedzera ruzivo rwemashoko. Asi kambani yese yandakabvunzurudza yakabvunza nezve Objective-C. Uye sezvo zvidzidzo zvangu zvakanangidzirwa paSwift, sebasa rangu rekare, ndakarambwa pakubvunzurudzwa. "
Boris anoti: “Pashure pokunge ndadzidza, ndaingoziva zvinhu zvakanyanyisa, ndichibatsirwa naro.” “Kubasa, chokwadika, kwakanga kusina kukwana, asi ndaifara nazvo. Zvakanga zvakaoma kuwana basa muIrkutsk. Kuti zvive zvakanyatsojeka - kwete zvachose. Ndakafunga kutarira kune mamwe maguta. Maererano nenhamba yezvivharo, Krasnodar, Moscow neSt. Ndakasarudza kuenda kuSt. Petersburg - pedyo neEurope.
Asi zvese zvakaratidza kuti hazvina kunaka. Kana mudiki anoregererwa pane zvaasingazive. Handisati ndawana basa. Ndiri kushandira "thank you", ndichiwana ruzivo. Ndinonzwisisa kuti izvi handizvo zvandaida, asi ndinofarira, uye izvi zvinondityaira. ndinoda kuwana ruzivo."
Andrey anotenda kuti vatsva vanofanira kutsvaga ma internship kwete mabasa. Kana iwe uine ruzivo rushoma, saka zvakajairika kuti iyo internship isabhadharwe. Andrey anorayira kunyorera mabasa ejunior vacancies kumakambani makuru uko maitiro ebasa akatotangwa.
“Paunonzwisisa mashandiro anoita software, zvinova nyore kufamba nekutsvaga rimwe basa, zvichienderana nezvido zvako. Vamwe vanhu vanopinda mukusimudzira kwakazvimirira, vanozviitira mitambo, voisa kuchitoro, uye voita mari ivo pachavo. Vamwe vanoshandira kambani hombe ine mitemo yakasimba. Vamwe vanhu vanoita mari mumastudio madiki anogadzira software yetsika, uye ikoko vanogona kuona maitiro ese - kubva pakugadzira purojekiti kubva pakatanga kusvika kuiendesa kuchitoro. "
Mihoro
Muhoro weiyo iOS mugadziri, senge chero imwe, zvinoenderana nemubvunzo "Moscow kana Russia". Asi nekuda kweiyo chaiyo indasitiri - basa rakawanda riri kure, mikana yekutamiswa uye kushanda kwete mumusika wedunhu - nhamba dziri kuramba dzichiswedera kune mumwe nemumwe.
Zvinoenderana neYangu Circle muhoro Calculator, muhoro wepakati weiyo iOS mugadziri wakaderera zvishoma .
"Mudiki padanho rakaderera anowanzo shanda mahara kana mari yekufananidzira - 20-30 zviuru rubles. Kana junior akatorwa nemaune panzvimbo yake, achagamuchira kubva 50 kusvika 80 zviuru. Vepakati vanogamuchira kubva ku100 kusvika ku150, uye dzimwe nguva vanosvika mazana maviri. Ndinofunga kuti muhoro wavo wakatenderedza 200-200. Uye kune vanotungamira timu, saizvozvo, zvinopfuura mazana matatu. "
Hurukuro
"Bvunzurudzo yekutanga yakaitika paSkype. Kukushamiswa kwangu, yakanga iri Google,” Boris anoyeuka kudaro, “ipapo ndakanga ndichangobva kutamira kuSt. Petersburg ndokutanga kutsvaka basa. Ndakagamuchira chikumbiro che iOS developer chinzvimbo. Kwete junior, kwete pakati, kwete mukuru - mugadziri chete. Ndakafara ndokubva ndatanga kunyorerana namaneja. Ndakakumbirwa kupedzisa basa rehunyanzvi: ndaifanira kunyora chikumbiro chejee nezve Chuck Norris. Ndakazvinyora. Vakandiudza zvese zvaive zvakanaka uye vakaronga bvunzurudzo yepamhepo.
Takafonerana. Mumwe musikana akanaka akataura neni. Asi havana kubvunza chero mibvunzo pamusoro pehunyanzvi hwemutauro - matambudziko akasiyana-siyana chete, semuenzaniso, "Nguva i15:15, madhigirii mangani ari pakati peawa nemaminiti emaoko?" kana "Posvo yakareba mamita gumi, hozhwa inokambaira mamita matatu kumusoro masikati, uye inodzika mita imwe chete usiku.” Mumazuva mangani aachakambaira achienda kumusoro?", uye mamwe akati wandei akafanana.
Ipapo pakanga paine mibvunzo isinganzwisisike - nei ndichida Apple uye manzwiro andinoita nezvaTim Cook. Ndakati iyo kambani yese yakanaka, asi pane yakaipa kwaari, nekuti mari yakakosha kwaari, kwete zvigadzirwa.
Pakatanga mibvunzo nezve Swift, ruzivo rwangu rwaingokwana kumapurogiramu ehurongwa uye zvekutanga zveOOP. Takaonekana, papera vhiki vakandifonera vachiti handikodzeri. Chaizvoizvo, ndakawana ruzivo rwakakura kubva pane izvi: unoda ruzivo, unoda yakawanda - zvese dzidziso uye maitiro. "
Andrey anoti "chinhu chekutanga chinobvunzwa munhu wese panguva yebvunzurudzo kutenderera kwehupenyu hwemutongi. Vanoda chaizvo kubvunza imwe yakapfava programming pattern. Ivo vanozonyatso bvunza nezve ruzivo rwako uchishandisa maraibhurari anozivikanwa. Pachave paine mubvunzo nezve misiyano muSwift Value Types kubva Reference Types, nezve Automatic Reference Kuverenga uye ndangariro manejimendi. Vanogona kubvunza kuti vakaita sei kuchengetedza data mumashandisirwo, uye kana vakaita zvikumbiro zvenetiweki. Ivo vanozobvunza nezve izvo zvekutanga zveREST neJSON. Iyo junior haizobvunzwa kune chaiyo zvinhu uye zvidiki. At least handisi kubvunza."
Boris ane chiitiko chakasiyana: "Kunyange pandakakumbira kudzidzira basa, ndakapedza mabasa ehunyanzvi uye ndikataura kuti muhoro waive usina kukosha kwandiri, chero bedzi waikwana kuroja imba, ndakaramba. Ndakaverenga zvinyorwa, ndakaedza kunzwisisa izvo muchengeti anoda kubva kune mutsva. Asi vainyanya kukundikana padzidziso. Neimwe chikonzero, vakabvunza mibvunzo kubva kumaligi makuru asina hanya nevatsva. "
Marat aive nerombo rakanaka. Iye zvino anoshanda mukambani yekutakura uye ari ega anotarisira dhipatimendi reIOS, achienderera mberi nezvidzidzo zvake pachikoro. "Sezvo ndiri ini ndega ndine basa reIOS, basa rangu rinoongororwa chete nekugona kwangu kuita mabasa andakagoverwa, uye kwete neruzivo rwangu rwedzidziso."
Nharaunda
Andrey anogara muNizhny Novgorod uye anoti kunyange ikoko kwakaumbwa nzanga huru. Pane imwe nguva, aive backend mugadziri muPython, asi shamwari dzake dzakamukwevera mukusimudzira nhare - uye iye zvino iye pachake anokurudzira munhu wese kuti azviite.
“Nharaunda yepasi rose inowanzo taurirana kuburikidza neTwitter. Vanhu vanonyora mablog avo, rekodha mavhidhiyo paYouTube, vanokoka mumwe nemumwe kumapodcasts. Rimwe zuva ndakava nemubvunzo pamusoro pemharidzo apo mutungamiri weboka reHQTrivia akataura. Uyu mutambo webvunzo wekuAmerica unoridzwa panguva imwe chete nemamiriyoni akati wandei. Ndakamunyorera paTwitter, akandipindura, takataura, uye ndakamutenda. Nharaunda ine hushamwari zvakanyanya, zvinova zvakanaka. "
Rondedzero yezvinyorwa zvinokurudzirwaDanho rekutanga:
- Vasily Usov. Swift.
- Keith Harrison.
- Paul Hudson. .
- Paul Hudson. .
- Matthijs Hollemans, Fahim Farook. .
- Erica Sadun.
Avhareji mwero:
- Paul Hudson. .
- RW Tutorials timu. .
- RW Tutorial Team. .
- Marin Todorov. .
- Chris Eidhof, Matt Gallagher, uye Florian Kugler. .
- Paul Hudson.
Advanced level:
- RW Tutorial Team.
- Chris Eidhof, Ole Begemann, Florian Kugler, uye Ben Cohen.
- Derek Sealander.
- Matt Zmuda. .
Source: www.habr.com