Kune ma air conditioning munzvimbo dze data, centralized multi-zone masisitimu ane mvura yekutonhodza michina (machiller) anowanzo kuiswa. Izvo zvinoshanda zvakanyanya kupfuura freon air conditioners, nekuti iyo inotonhorera inotenderera pakati pekunze nemukati mayuniti haipindi mune gasi, uye iyo compressor-condenser unit ye ββchiller inotanga kushanda chete kana tembiricha ichikwira kune imwe nhanho. Imwe yemibvunzo yakakosha kana uchigadzira chiller system ndeiyi: chii chinotonhorera chiri nani kushandisa? Izvi zvinogona kuva mvura kana mhinduro ine mvura yepolyhydric alcohols - propylene glycol kana ethylene glycol. Ngatiedzei kunzwisisa zvakanakira uye zvakaipira sarudzo yega yega.
Fizikisi uye chemistry
Kubva pakuona kwezvinhu zvemuviri (kupisa simba, density, kinematic viscosity), mvura inoonekwa seyakanyanya kutonhorera. Mukuwedzera, inogona kudururirwa zvakachengeteka pasi kana mumvura yetsvina. Sezvineiwo, mulatitudes yedu, mvura inoshandiswa mukati chete, sezvo ichitonhora pa 0 Β°C. Panguva imwecheteyo, kuwanda kweiyo inotonhorera inoderera, uye vhoriyamu yainotora inowedzera. Iyo nzira haina kuenzana uye hazvibviri kuibhadhara uchishandisa tangi yekuwedzera. Nzvimbo dzechando dzakaparadzaniswa, iyo static pressure pamadziro epombi inowedzera, uye pakupedzisira kuputika kunoitika. Aqueous solutions yepolyhydric alcohols haina zvipingamupinyi izvi. Vanoomesa nechando pamatembiricha akadzikira, pasina kuumba foci yenzvimbo. Density yavo panguva yekristalllization inoderera zvishoma pane panguva yekushandurwa kwemvura kuita ice, izvo zvinoreva kuti vhoriyamu haina kuwedzera zvakanyanya - kunyangwe mazaya echando ekugadzirisa glycols haaparadze mapaipi.
Kazhinji, vatengi vanosarudza propylene glycol nekuti haina chepfu. Muchokwadi, ndeye yakatenderwa yekuwedzera chikafu E1520, iyo inoshandiswa mune zvakabikwa uye zvimwe zvikafu sechinhu chinochengetedza hunyoro. Inoshandiswa mucosmetics nezvimwe zvinhu zvakawanda. Kana iyo sisitimu yakazadzwa neaqueous solution yepropylene glycol, hapana matanho ekuchenjerera anodiwa; mutengi anongoda rimwe dura rekuwedzera kutsiva kuvuza. Zvakanyanya kuoma kushanda ne ethylene glycol - chinhu ichi chinoiswa muhupfu zvine mwero (hazard class three). Iyo yakawanda inobvumirwa kuiswa mumhepo ndeye 5 mg / m3, asi nekuda kwekudzika kwayo kuderera pakudziya kwakajairika, mhute yeiyi polyhydric doro inogona kukonzeresa chepfu kana ukaifema kwenguva yakareba.
Mamiriro ezvinhu akaipisisa ane tsvina yemvura: mvura uye propylene glycol haidi kuraswa, asi kuwanda kwe ethylene glycol munzvimbo dzekushandiswa kwemvura yevanhu haifaniri kudarika 1 mg / l. Nekuda kweizvi, varidzi venzvimbo yedata vanozofanira kusanganisira mufungidziro yakakosha madhiraini masisitimu, midziyo yakavharidzirwa uye / kana sisitimu yekunyungudutsa yakadonhedzwa inotonhorera nemvura: haugone kungoikanda pasi pasi. Huwandu hwemvura yekunyungudutswa hwakakura nemazana enguva kupfuura huwandu hweinotonhodza, uye kuidururira pasi kana pasi hazvidiwe zvakanyanya - muchetura wepolyhydric doro unofanirwa kugezwa nemvura yakawanda. Nekudaro, kushandiswa kwe ethylene glycol mune yemazuva ano air conditioning masisitimu enzvimbo dzedata zvakare yakachengeteka kana zvese zvinodikanwa zvekuchengetedza zvikatorwa.
The Economy
Mvura inogona kutorwa seyemahara kana ichienzaniswa nemutengo wezvinotonhorera zvinoenderana nepolyhydric alcohols. Mhinduro yeaqueous yepropylene glycol ye chiller-fan coil system inodhura zvakanyanya - inodhura anenge 80 rubles parita. Tichifunga nezvekudiwa kwekugara uchitsiva iyo inotonhorera, izvi zvinozoguma nehuwandu hunokatyamadza. Mutengo weaqueous solution ye ethylene glycol inenge hafu yakawandisa, asi inofanirawo kuiswa mukufungidzira kwemari yekurasa, iyo, zvisinei, zvakare iduku. Kune nuances ine chekuita ne viscosity uye kupisa simba: propylene glycol-based coolant inoda kudzvanywa kwepamusoro kunogadzirwa nepombi yekutenderera. Kazhinji, mutengo wekushandisa sisitimu ine ethylene glycol yakanyanya kuderera, saka iyi sarudzo inowanzosarudzwa, kunyangwe nehumwe huturu hweinotonhora. Imwe sarudzo yekudzikisa mari ndeye kushandiswa kwekaviri-yedunhu system ine kupisa kunopisa, kana yakajairika mvura inotenderera mumakamuri emukati ine tembiricha yakanaka, uye isina kutonhora glycol solution inotamisa kupisa kunze. Kushanda kwehurongwa hwakadaro kwakati kwakadzikira, asi mavhoriyamu ekutonhora anodhura akadzikiswa zvakanyanya.
Migumisiro
Muchokwadi, ese akanyorwa sarudzo dzekutonhodza masisitimu (kunze kweiyo yemvura chete, izvo zvisingagoneke mulatitudes yedu) zvine kodzero yekuvepo. Sarudzo inotsamira pamutengo wakazara wemuridzi, iyo inofanirwa kuverengerwa mune yega yega kesi yatove padanho rekugadzira. Chinhu chega chausingafanire kuita ndechekuchinja pfungwa kana chirongwa chave kuda kugadzirira. Zvakare, hazvigoneke kushandura inotonhorera kana kuiswa kwemainjiniya masisitimu eiyo remangwana data data kwatove kuenderera. Kukanda uye kurwadzisa kunozokonzera mari yakakomba, saka iwe unofanirwa kusarudza pasarudzo kamwechete zvachose.
Source: www.habr.com