Ndiani pakati pedu asingadi kudzidza nekukurumidza uye kuyeuka ruzivo rutsva panhunzi? Vatsvakurudzi vakabatanidza kugona kwakasimba kwekuziva kune zvakasiyana-siyana zvinhu. Ivo vanosarudza kwete chete kugona kurangarira, asiwo hupenyu hwemhando - heino basa rakabudirira, kushingaira kushamwaridzana uye mukana wekungonakidzwa nekushandisa nguva yako yemahara.
Haasi munhu wese ane rombo rakanaka rekuzvarwa aine ndangariro yemifananidzo, asi icho hachisi chikonzero chekuora mwoyo. Zvinokwanisika kuita chimwe chinhu mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro. Vamwe vanhu vanobata nemusoro "Eugene Onegin," vamwe vanotenga zvinyorwa uye kuunganidza zvine maekisesaizi chaiwo. Vamwezve vari kuramba vachiteerera kune zvikumbiro zvinovimbisa vashandisi vavo mhedzisiro kana vakagadzirira kushandisa 10-15 maminetsi ekurovedza muviri zuva rega rega. Isu tichakuudza kuti aya ma simulators akavakirwa pane uye chii chekutarisira kubva kwavari.
Mufananidzo: /unsplash.com
Tinorangarira sei
Kutsvakurudza kwakakomba kwedzidzo panyaya iyi kwakatanga muhafu yechipiri yezana remakore rechiXNUMX. Rukudzo rwechimwe chezvakakosha zvakawanikwa munzvimbo ino ndezva purofesa weGerman Hermann Ebbinghaus. Ndizvo zvaakawana zvichiri kushandiswa nhasi mukuvandudza ndangariro.
Ebbinghaus akaongorora maitiro endangariro akadzama aripo zvisinei nemamiriro ezvinhu. Izvi zvinosiyanisa basa rake kubva pakutsvakurudza kweFreud imwechete. Baba ve psychoanalysis vakadzidza kuti nei tichikanganwa zvinhu zvisingafadzi kwatiri kana kuumba kwete nguva dzose yakarurama, asi kazhinji "yakanaka" ndangariro. Ebbinghaus - akadzidza mechanic memory. Inoshanda pahwaro hwekudzokorora kwezvinhu.
Saka, mukuedza kwake, musayendisiti akabata nemusoro kutevedzana kwemavara emavara matatu (chivharo chimwe pakati pemakonzonendi maviri - "ZETS", "MYUSCH", "TYT"). Chinodiwa chaive chekuti masanganiswa aya aisaumba mazwi ane revo uye haana kufanana nawo. Nechikonzero ichi, semuenzaniso, anoramba "BUK", "MYSHCH" kana "TIAN". Panguva imwe chete yezuva, Ebbinghaus aiverenga cheni dzemasyllable akadaro zvinonzwika kuverengera metronome. Akataura zvakare kuti madzokororo mangani aidiwa kuti aite kutevedzana nemazvo.
Mhedzisiro yekuedza uku yaive "kukanganwa." Inoratidza kutsvedza kweruzivo kubva mundangariro nekufamba kwenguva. Uyu hausi mufananidzo wekutaura, asi kutsamira chaiko kunotsanangurwa neformula.
, apo b ndiyo chikamu chezvinhu zvakasara mundangariro (mu%) uye t inguva yakapfuura (mumaminitsi).
Zvakakosha kusimbisa kuti migumisiro yebasa iri yakazosimbiswa. Muna 2015, masayendisiti Ebbinghaus kuyedza uye yakawana dzinenge mhedzisiro yakafanana.
Zvakawanikwa naEbbinghaus zvakaita kuti zvikwanise kutora mhedziso dzakati wandei nezve ndangariro dzemuchina. Kutanga, musayendisiti akawana kuti uropi hunoedza kuwana chimwe chinhu chakajairika kunyange muzvinhu zvisina zvazvinoreva nemaune. Chechipiri, ruzivo runopukunyuka kubva mundangariro zvisina kuenzana - muawa yekutanga inopfuura hafu yezvinhu "inoenda", mushure memaawa gumi munhu anogona kungoyeuka chetatu, uye izvo zvaasingazokanganwi muvhiki, anogona kunge achikwanisa. kurangarira mumwedzi.
Pakupedzisira, mhedziso inokosha zvikuru ndeyokuti unogona kushanda pakubata nomusoro kupfurikidza nokudzokera nguva nenguva kune zvawakadzidza kare. Iyi nzira inodaidzwa kuti kudzokorora kwakasiyana. Yakatanga kuumbwa muna 1932 neBritish psychologist Cecil Alec Mace mune rimwe remabhuku ake.
Dzokorora nekuchenjera
Kunyange zvazvo vatsvakurudzi vakaratidza kushanda kwemaitiro ekudzokorora muna 30s, yakangowana mukurumbira wakapararira makore makumi mana gare gare, apo musayendisiti weGermany Sebastian Leitner akaishandisa kudzidzisa mitauro yekunze. Bhuku rake “How to Learn to Learn” (So lernt man lernen, 40) razova rimwe remazano akakurumbira anoshanda papfungwa yekudzidza.
Mamiriro makuru anotsanangurwa naLeitner ndeyekuti nguva imwe neimwe inotevera isati yadzokororwa yezvinyorwa inofanira kunge yakakura kupfuura yapfuura. Saizi yekumira uye masimba ekuwedzera kwavo anogona kusiyana. Kupindirana kwemaminetsi makumi maviri - maawa masere - maawa makumi maviri nemana anopa kushanda kwenguva pfupi nemusoro. Kana iwe uchida kuyeuka chimwe chinhu nguva dzose, unofanirwa kudzokera kune ruzivo rwakadaro nguva dzose: mushure memasekonzi mashanu, uye mushure memasekondi makumi maviri nemashanu, 20 maminitsi, maminitsi gumi, 24 awa, maawa mashanu, zuva 5, mazuva mashanu, mazuva makumi maviri nemashanu, 25 mwedzi, 2 makore.
Mufananidzo: /Pixabay.com
Muma70s, Leitner akaronga kushandisa makadhi pakanyorwa zvinorehwa nemazwi ekunze. Sezvo mashoko acho aidzidzwa nomusoro, makadhi aitamiswa kubva muboka nedzokororo kazhinji kazhinji kuenda kune isingawanzoitiki. Nekuuya kwemakomputa uye software yakasarudzika, musimboti weiyo maitiro hauna kuchinja.
Muna 1985, muongorori wechiPolish Piotr Woźniak akaburitsa chirongwa cheSuperMemo. Yakava imwe yeanotungamira ndangariro zvirongwa. Mhinduro iripo nanhasi, uye maalgorithms ayo akashandiswa mune akawanda mamwe maapplication.
Wozniak's software inokutendera kuti ushande nechero chero ruzivo, sezvo zvichikwanisika kuwedzera data. Tevere, chirongwa chinoteedzera "kukanganwa curve" yemakadhi ega uye kugadzira mutsara wavo zvichienderana nemusimboti wekudzokorora kwakasiyana.
Mumakore akatevera, akasiyana analogues eSuperMemo uye mavhezheni ekutanga masisitimu ekuvandudza hunyanzvi hwekuyeuka akaburitswa. Zvirongwa zvakawanda zvakadaro zvakaratidza kushanda kwavo mukuita - takataura nezve izvi mune yapfuura habrapost. Asi, maiwe, kutsoropodza kwakatevera.
Chipunu chetara
Hazvina mhosva kuti Leitner's inobatsira sei pakudzidza mitauro yekune dzimwe nyika, kubata nemusoro masvomhu mafomula kana mazuva enhoroondo, masayendisiti haana kuwana humbowo hwekuti kudzidziswa kwendangariro pane chero musoro wenyaya kunovandudza kugona kwendangariro.
Iwe unofanirwawo kunzwisisa kuti mapurogiramu akadaro haabatsiri kurwisana nekuderera kwekugona kwekuziva, kana nekuda kwekukuvara, chero chirwere kana kuchinja kwezera.
Mufananidzo: /Pixabay.com
Mumakore achangopfuura, nyaya iyi yagara ichinetsana nenyanzvi. Uye munhu angaverenga sei pachena , iyo yakasainwa nevakawanda vesainzi vane mukurumbira muna 2014, mazhinji eaya masisitimu, kusanganisira akasiyana emitambo yehungwaru, anoshanda chete mukati mehurongwa hweaya mabasa avanogadzirisa ivo pachavo, asi haakwanise kubatsira mukuvandudzika kwe "mhando" yendangariro. . Kune rumwe rutivi, kune idzi "kupomerwa" vanopikisa uye kukakavara kunoenderera mberi.
Asi ngazvive izvo, semugumisiro wekuenderera mberi, mumwe mugadziri we "brain simulators" akamanikidzwa kugadzirisa mazwi.
Muna 2016, iyo US Federal Trade Commission Luminosity yekubhadhara $2 miriyoni yekushambadza zvisirizvo. Mutongi akagumisa kuti kambani yakatamba kutya kweveruzhinji shanduko dzine chekuita nezera uye yakaisa tariro dzenhema muvashandisi. Ikozvino purojekiti inosimudzira masevhisi ayo semidziyo ye "kuvhura kugona kwehuropi hwemunhu."
Kumwe kutsvagisa pamusoro pemusoro wenyaya kuri kuramba kuchida kuratidza kuti kuchine chimwe mhedzisiro kubva kukurovedza muviri kwezuva nezuva, asi kazhinji kugadzirisa mapuzzle pane smartphone hakuzovandudza kutsungirira kwako, zvisinei nekuti mamwe masimulator enhare anogutsa sei.
Uye kubata nemusoro mazwi ekunze nerubatsiro rwesoftware yakadaro kuchakubatsira iwe neimwe nzira kutaura mutauro mutsva mugore kana maviri, zvakanyanya. Naizvozvo, chero munhu anoda kuvandudza ndangariro yake anofanirwa kutarisisa kwete chete kune "zvishandiso" zvekuisa mumusoro, asi zvakare kutarisa munzvimbo yehunyanzvi hwaunoda uye kwete kurasikirwa nekuona kwezvinhu. , kukwanisa kuisa pfungwa uye kumitoro yedzidzo.
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Source: www.habr.com