Hei Habr.
Yatova zana ramakore rechi21, uye zvinoita sekunge data rinogona kufambiswa mumhando yeHD kunyangwe kuMars. Zvisinei, kuchine michina yakawanda inofadza inoshanda paredhiyo uye zviratidzo zvakawanda zvinonakidza zvinogona kunzwika.
Ehe, hazvibviri kufunga nezvese; ngatiedzei kusarudza izvo zvinonyanya kufadza, izvo zvinogona kugamuchirwa uye kudhirowa zvakasununguka uchishandisa komputa. Kuti tigamuchire masaini isu tinoshandisa Dutch online inogamuchira , MultiPSK decoder uye Virtual Audio Cable chirongwa.
Kuti zvive nyore kufunga, isu tinopa masaini mukuwedzera frequency. Ini handisi kuzofunga nhepfenyuro, zvinofinha uye banal; chero munhu anogona kuteerera kuRadio China pa AM ari ega. Uye isu tichaenda kune zvimwe zvinonakidza zviratidzo.
Zviratidzo zvenguva chaiyo
Pane frequency ye 77.5 KHz (yakareba wave wave), masaini chaiwo enguva anofambiswa kubva kuGerman station DCF77. Ndatova pavari , saka tinogona kungodzokorora muchidimbu kuti iyi iri nyore amplitude modulation siginecha muchimiro - "1" uye "0" akaiswa encoded nenguva dzakasiyana, semhedzisiro, 58-bit kodhi inogamuchirwa muminiti imwe.
130-140KHz - telemetry yemagetsi network
Pama frequency aya, maererano , masaini ekudzora emagetsi eGerman anofambiswa.
Chiratidzo chakasimba, uye maererano nekuongorora, inogamuchirwa kunyange muAustralia. Iwe unogona kuitsanangura muMultiPSK kana iwe ukaisa maparamita sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo.
Pazvinobuda isu tinogashira data mapaketi, chimiro chavo, chokwadi, hachizivikanwe; avo vanoshuvira vanogona kuyedza uye kuongorora panguva yavo yekuzorora. Nehunyanzvi, iyo chiratidzo pachayo iri nyore kwazvo, iyo nzira inonzi FSK (Frequency Shift Keying) uye inosanganisira kugadzira zvishoma kutevedzana nekushandura frequency yekufambisa. Chiratidzo chimwechete, muchimiro che spectrum - zvimedu zvinogona kuverengwa nemaoko.
Weather teletype
Pamutsetse wepamusoro, padyo zvakanyanya, pafrequency ye147 kHz, chimwe chiratidzo chinoonekwa. Ichi (zvakare chiGerman) DWD (Deutscher Wetterdienst) chiteshi chinopa mamiriro ekunze ezvikepe. Pamusoro peiyo frequency, masaini anofambiswa zvakare pa11039 uye 14467 KHz.
Iyo decoding mhedzisiro inoratidzwa mune iyo skrini.
Iyo teletype encoding musimboti wakafanana, FSK, kufarira pano kunyorwa kwemavara. Iri 5-bit, uchishandisa , uye ane anenge makore 100 enhau.
Zvinoita sekuti kodhi yakafanana yakashandiswa pamatepi akaroverwa mapepa, asi mamiriro ekunze teletype akatumirwa kune imwe nzvimbo kubva kuma60s, uye sezvauri kuona, achiri kushanda. Ehe, pachikepe chaicho chiratidzo hachina kudhindwa uchishandisa komputa - kune akakosha anogamuchira anorekodha chiratidzo uye anochiratidzira pachiratidziro.
Muzhinji, kunyangwe nekuvepo kwesetiraiti yekutaurirana neInternet, kutumira data nenzira iyi kuchiri nzira iri nyore, yakavimbika uye yakachipa. Kunyangwe, hongu, zvinogona kufungidzirwa kuti rimwe zuva masisitimu aya anozove nhoroondo uye achatsiviwa nemasevhisi edhijitari. Saka avo vanoda kugamuchira chiratidzo chakadaro havafaniri kunonotsa zvikuru.
Meteofax
Chimwe chiratidzo chenhaka chine nhoroondo yakada kufanana. Muchiratidzo ichi, chifananidzo chinotumirwa kune analogue fomu nekumhanya kwemitsara ye120 paminiti (kune humwe hutsika, semuenzaniso 60 kana 240 LPM), frequency modulation inoshandiswa encode kupenya - kupenya kwechifananidzo chega chega kunoenderana nekuchinja kwehuwandu. Chirongwa chakareruka chakadaro chakaita kuti zvikwanise kuendesa mifananidzo kumashure mumazuva iwayo apo vanhu vashoma vaive vanzwa nezve "digital signals".
Yakakurumbira muchikamu cheEurope uye iri nyore kugamuchira ndiyo yakatotaurwa chiteshi cheGerman DWD (Deutche Wetterdienst), ichitumira mameseji pama frequency 3855, 7880 uye 13882 KHz. Rimwe sangano rine mafekisi ari nyore kugamuchira iBritish Joint Operational Meteorology and Oceanography Centre, vanotumira masaini pamafrequency 2618, 4610, 6834, 8040, 11086, 12390 ne18261 KHz.
Kuti ugamuchire masaini eHF Fax, unofanirwa kushandisa USB yekugamuchira modhi, MultiPSK inogona kushandiswa kugadzira. Mhedzisiro yekugamuchira kuburikidza neye websdr inogamuchira inoratidzwa mumufananidzo:
Mufananidzo uyu wakatorwa panguva yekunyora chinyorwa. Nenzira, zvinogona kuoneka kuti mitsetse yakatwasuka yafamba - iyo protocol ndeye analogi, uye kuwiriranisa kurongeka kwakakosha pano, kunyangwe kunonoka kweaudhiyo kunokonzera shanduko yemifananidzo. Paunenge uchishandisa "chaiyo" inogamuchira, izvi hazvizoitiki.
Ehe saizvozvo, sepamamiriro ekunze teletype, hapana ari mungarava anodhidha fax achishandisa komputa - kune nyanzvi dzinogamuchira (muenzaniso mufananidzo kubva pakutanga kwechinyorwa) anoita basa rese otomatiki.
STANAG 4285
Ngationei zvino imwe yemazuva ano yekufambisa data pamafungu mapfupi - modem yeStanag 4285. Iyi fomati yakagadziridzwa NATO, uye iripo mune dzakasiyana siyana. Inobva pachikamu chekugadzirisa, zviratidzo zvechiratidzo zvinogona kusiyana, sezvinogona kuonekwa kubva patafura, kumhanya kunogona kubva pa75 kusvika ku2400 bit / s. Izvi zvinogona kunge zvisingaite senge zvakanyanya, asi tichifunga nezve svikiro rekutapurirana - mafungu mapfupi, nekupera uye kupindira, ichi mhedzisiro yakanaka.
Chirongwa cheMultiPSK chinogona kudhidha STANAG, asi mu95% yezviitiko mhedzisiro yekudhirodha inongove "marara" - iyo fomati pachayo inopa yakaderera-level bitwise protocol, uye iyo data pachayo inogona kuvharirwa kana kuve neimwe mhando yayo. format. Zvimwe zviratidzo, zvisinei, zvinogona kudhindwa, semuenzaniso, kurekodha pazasi pane frequency ye8453 KHz. Ini handina kukwanisa kudhiza chero chiratidzo kuburikidza newebsdr inogamuchira; sezviri pachena, kuendesa pamhepo kuchiri kutyora chimiro chedata. Vaya vanofarira vanogona kudhawunirodha faira kubva kune chaiyo inogamuchira vachishandisa chinongedzo . Iyo MultiPSK decoding mhinduro inoratidzwa mune iyo skrini pazasi. Sezvauri kuona, kumhanya kwekurekodha uku 600bps, sezviri pachena faira remeseji rinofambiswa sezvirimo.
Zvinonakidza kuti, sezvauri kuona mune panorama, pane chaizvo akawanda masaini masaini pamhepo:
Ehe, havasi vese vangave ve STANAG - kune mamwe maprotocol akavakirwa pamisimboti yakafanana. Semuenzaniso, tinogona kupa kuongororwa kwechiratidzo .
Sezvimwe nemamwe masaini anokurukurwa, michina yakasarudzika inoshandiswa pakugamuchira uye kutapurirana chaiko. Semuenzaniso, kune modem inoratidzwa mumufananidzo Iyo yekumhanyisa yakataurwa inobva pa75 kusvika 9600bps ine chiratidzo bandwidth ye3KHz.
Iko kumhanya kwe9600, hongu, hainakidzi zvakanyanya, asi tichifunga kuti masaini anogona kutapurirwa kunyangwe kubva musango kana kubva muchikepe chiri mugungwa, uye pasina kubhadhara chero chinhu chetraffic kune telecom opareta, izvi hazvina kushata.
Nenzira, ngatitarisei zvakanyanya panorama iri pamusoro. Kuruboshwe tinoona ... ndizvozvo, yakanaka yekare Morse code. Saka, ngatiendererei kune inotevera chiratidzo.
Morse code (CW)
Pa frequency ye8423 KHz tinonzwa chaizvo izvi. Inyanzvi yekunzwa Morse kodhi ikozvino yapotsa yarasika, saka isu tichashandisa MultiPSK (zvisinei, inotsanangura saka-saka, chirongwa cheCW Skimmer chinoita basa riri nani).
Sezvauri kuona, iyo yakadzokororwa chinyorwa DE SVO inofambiswa, kana iwe uchitenda , chiteshi chiri muGreece.
Chokwadi, zviratidzo zvakadaro zvishoma uye zviri kure pakati, asi zvichiripo. Semuenzaniso, tinogona kutaura chiteshi chenguva refu pa4331 KHz, tichitumira masaini anodzokorora "VVV DE E4X4XZ". Sezvinoratidzwa neGoogle, chiteshi ndecheIsrael Navy. Pane chimwe chinhu chiri kufambiswa pane iyi frequency? Mhinduro yacho haizivikanwe; avo vanofarira vanogona kuteerera uye kuzviongorora ivo pachavo.
Iyo Buzzer (UVB-76)
Yedu hit parade inopera pamwe nechiratidzo chakakurumbira - chinozivikanwa muRussia nekune dzimwe nyika, chiratidzo pane frequency ye4625 KHz.
Chiratidzo chinoshandiswa kuzivisa mauto, uye chine mabhipi akadzokororwa, pakati peiyo mitsara yekodhi kubva kucodepad dzimwe nguva inofambiswa (abstract mazwi se "CROLIST" kana "BRAMIRKA"). Vamwe vanonyora kuti vakaona vakagamuchira vakadaro mukunyoresa mauto uye mahofisi ekunyora, vamwe vanoti ichi chikamu che "ruoko rwakafa" system, kazhinji, chiratidzo ndeye mecca kune vanoda Stalker, mazano ekurangana, Cold War uye zvichingodaro. . Vaya vanofarira vanogona kunyora "UVB-76" mukutsvaga, uye ndine chokwadi kuti kuverenga kunofadza kwemanheru kunovimbiswa (zvisinei, haufaniri kutora zvose zvakanyorwa zvakanyanya). Panguva imwecheteyo, sisitimu yacho inonakidza, zvirinani nekuti ichiri kushanda kubva muCold War, kunyangwe zvakaoma kutaura kana paine anoida izvozvi.
Kukwana
Rondedzero iyi haisati yakwana. Nerubatsiro rweredhiyo inogamuchira, iwe unogona kunzwa (kana kuti totoona) masaini ekutaurirana ane submarines, pamusoro-the-horizon radars, nekukurumidza kuchinja frequency hopping masaini, nezvimwe zvakawanda.
Semuenzaniso, heino pikicha yakatorwa izvozvi pafrequency ye8 MHz; pairi unogona kuverenga kanenge masaini mashanu emhando dzakasiyana.
Zvavari kazhinji hazvizivikanwe, zvirinani hazvisi zvese zvinogona kuwanikwa munzvimbo dzakavhurika (kunyangwe paine masosi akadai ΠΈ ) Kudzidza kwezviratidzo zvakadaro kunonakidza kubva pakuona kwemasvomhu, hurongwa uye DSP, uye senzira yekudzidza chimwe chinhu chitsva nezvenyika yakatitenderedza.
Zvinonakidzawo kuti kunyangwe nekuvandudzwa kweInternet nekutaurirana, redhiyo haingorasikirwe pasi, asi pamwe zvichipesana - kugona kuendesa data zvakananga kubva kune anotumira kune anogamuchira, pasina censorship, traffic control uye packet tracking, inogona kuve (kunyangwe ngativimbei kuti haichazove) yakakosha zvakare ...
Source: www.habr.com