Sensitive imba iri kutsiva dzimba dzakangwara

Muvhiki yekupedzisira yaNovember, iyo National Supercomputer Forum yakaitwa muPereslavl-Zalessky. Kwemazuva matatu vanhu vakataurira uye vakaratidza kuti zvinhu zviri kufamba sei nekuvandudzwa kwemakomputa makuru muRussia uye kuti matekinoroji akaedzwa pamakomputa makuru anoshandurwa kuita zvinhu.

Institute of Software Systems RAS
(Igor Shelaputin, Wikimedia Commons, CC-BY)

Inoenderana Nhengo yeRussia Academy yeScience Sergei Abramov akataura nezve "Sensitive House" chirongwa (November 27). Kuvandudza pfungwa ye "smart home," anokurudzira kutarisa midziyo yepamba, kuvaka uye kuyeuka maitiro ekuita kwayo, kudzidza kubva pakukanganisa kwayo, uye kufanotaura mamiriro ayo nematambudziko mberi.

The Institute of Software Systems yeRussia Academy yeScience, pasi peutungamiri hwaSergei Abramov, yakatanga kugadzira "dzimba dzakaoma" muna 2014, apo kugadziriswa kweChikoro cheScience kwaida kuunza mapurogiramu ezvidzidzo kumusika wekutengeserana. Panguva ino, IPS RAS yaive nebudiriro yakanaka mumasensa network uye kutonga kwemidziyo, uye yaive ichigadzira matekinoroji emufu nekudzidza kwemichina.

Maererano naSergei Abramov, zvivako zvekugara uye zvemabhizimisi zvakazadzwa nemidziyo iyo kugara zvakanaka kweimba uye basa rakanyarara revanhu rinotsamira. Kunyangwe iyi "smart" midziyo inokura kuita "smart home", haina otomatiki kutonga. Varidzi havazive mamiriro emidziyo uye havagone kuzvitarisa zviri nyore. Chasara ndechekutarisira nemaoko zvivakwa zvese, senge hombe Tamagotchi, kugara uchitarisa uye kugadzirisa michina.

Sensitive socket inoyera magetsi maparamendi uye anoaudza kune server
("Sensitive Home", Wikimedia Commons, CC-BY)

Imba yakangwara iri kushanda nemazvo here? Kana kuti inguva yokupindira here? Pachava netsaona nokukurumidza here? Nayo pachayo, hapana "smart home" inogadzirisa dambudziko iri; kupindura mibvunzo yakadai, kutarisisa otomatiki uye kuongorora kunodiwa. Naizvozvo, komputa system yakagadzirwa kuInstitute inounganidza zviverengero kubva kumasensa, inovaka maitiro emichina yemumba uye inodzidza kuziva aya mapatani. Nekusiyanisa maitiro akajairwa nemaitiro ane dambudziko uye kuona mashandiro asina kujairika, hungwaru hwekugadzira huchazivisa muridzi wemba nenguva kune njodzi inogona kuitika.

"Imba inonzwisisika" i "smart home", iyo kunzwisiswa, kukwanisa kuzvidzidzira, kukwanisa kuunganidza maitiro ehutano hwakanaka, kukwanisa kufanotaura uye kuita kwakawedzerwa.
(Sergey Abramov, Nhengo Inoenderana neRussia Academy yeScience)

Isu takajaira nzira iyo "smart home" inochengetedza ma paramita ayo: set tembiricha uye kuvhenekera, hunyoro hwemhepo hunogara, yakagadzikana mains voltage. A "smart home" inogona kushanda maererano nescript zvichienderana nenguva yezuva kana chiitiko (somuenzaniso, ichavhara pombi yegesi pamurairo kubva kune gasi analyzer). "Sensitive Home" inotora nhanho inotevera - inoongorora data remanzwiro uye inovaka mamiriro matsva ekuiswa mumapoka: zvese zviri kufamba sepakutanga kana pane zvinoshamisa. Inopindirana nekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze uye inofanotaura kukundikana kunobvira, kufungidzira kusakanganiswa muzviito zvenguva imwe chete zvezvishandiso zvakasiyana. "Sensitive House" inotarisa migumisiro yebasa rayo, inonyevera nezvematambudziko uye inoshandura mamiriro acho ezvinhu, ichipa mazano kune muridzi uye ichibvumira muridzi kudzima midziyo yakashata.

Isu tinogadzirisa dambudziko reatypical maitiro emidziyo.
(Sergey Abramov, Nhengo Inoenderana neRussia Academy yeScience)

Iyo yakarongwa sisitimu inotsamira pane sensor network inopa nguva-yakavakirwa zviyero. Semuyenzaniso, dhiziri bhaira nguva nenguva inobatidza nekupisa mvura, pombi inotenderera inotyaira mvura inopisa kuburikidza nemapombi ekudziya, uye ma sensors ekutanga anoshuma kuti zvishandiso izvi zvinoshandisa sei magetsi. Zvichienderana neyakateedzana yekuverenga, iyo yechipiri sensor (chirongwa) inovaenzanisa neyakajairika chimiro uye kuongororwa kukundikana. Iyo yepamusoro sensor (chirongwa) inogamuchira kunze kwemhepo tembiricha uye inofanotaura nezve ramangwana rekushanda kwehurongwa, inoongorora mutoro wayo uye kushanda kwayo - kuti kupisa kwebhailer uye mamiriro ekunze anobatana sei. Zvichida mahwindo akazaruka uye bhaira iri kupisa mumugwagwa, kana kuti zvichida kubudirira kwakaderera uye inguva yekugadzirisa kwekudzivirira. Zvichienderana nekudonha kwemaparamita akatorwa, munhu anogona kufanotaura kuti inguvai yavachaenda kupfuura zvakajairwa.

Iyo inonzwika socket ine akaparadzana mamodule-mabhawa
("Sensitive Home", Wikimedia Commons, CC-BY)

Nokuongorora kuverengwa panguva imwe chete kwema sensors, "sensitive house" inokwanisa kuona kuti pombi yemvura haidzimi nokuti iri kudira mvura zvakare mugomba (kuburikidza nevhavha isina kunaka) kana kuti yakananga pasi (kuburikidza nekuputika. pombi). Kuongororwa kuchave kwakatonyanya kuvimbika kana ma sensor ekufamba akanyarara uye pombi inopomba mvura muimba isina chinhu.

Sensor network inowanikwawo mudzimba dzakangwara. Cloud infrastructure inowanikwawo mudzimba dzakangwara. Asi izvo "dzimba dzakangwara" dzisina hungwaru hwekugadzira, kudzidza muchina, kuunganidzwa kwemaitiro ehunhu hwakarurama, kupatsanura uye kufanotaura.
(Sergey Abramov, Nhengo Inoenderana neRussia Academy yeScience)

Iyo gore chikamu che "sensitive house" yakavakirwa paNoSQL dhatabhesi Riak kana iyo Akumuli dhatabhesi, uko nguva yakatevedzana yekuverenga inochengetwa. Kugamuchira uye kuburitsa data kunoitwa papuratifomu yeErlang/OTP, inokutendera kuti utumire dhatabhesi pane dzakawanda node. Chirongwa chemafoni ekushandisa uye webhu interface inoiswa pamusoro payo kuzivisa mutengi kuburikidza neInternet uye runhare, uye padivi payo pane chirongwa chekuongorora data uye kudzora maitiro. Iwe unogona kubatanidza chero nguva yekuongorora yakatevedzana pano, kusanganisira iyo yakavakirwa neural network. Saka, kutonga kwese pamusoro pe "sensitive home" masisitimu anoiswa mune yakaparadzana manejimendi layer. Kuwanikwa kwairi kunopihwa kuburikidza neakaundi yako yega mune yegore sevhisi.

Sensitive controller inounganidza masaini kubva kuma sensors uye thermometers
("Sensitive Home", Wikimedia Commons, CC-BY)

Erlang inopa zvese zvakanakira nzira inoshanda. Iyo ine michina yekugovera mashandiro, uye nzira iri nyore yekuita chirongwa chakafanana chakagoverwa ndeye kushandisa Erlang. Chivakwa chedu chine software "secondary sensors"; panogona kunge paine akati wandei pa sensor yemuviri, uye kana tikaverengera makumi ezviuru zvevatengi vane akawanda emidziyo, isu tichafanirwa kugadzirisa kuyerera kukuru kwedata. Vanoda maitiro akareruka anogona kutangwa muhuwandu hukuru. Erlang inokutendera kuti umhanye makumi ezviuru zvemaitiro pane imwechete musimboti; iyi sisitimu inoyera zvakanaka.
(Sergey Abramov, Nhengo Inoenderana neRussia Academy yeScience)

Sekureva kwemugadziri, Erlang iri nyore kuronga timu yakasiyana siyana yevagadziri, umo vadzidzi nevavhenekeri vanogadzira imwe system. Zvimedu zvega zvesoftware system zvinopunzika nekukanganisa, asi iyo system yese inoramba ichishanda, izvo zvinokutendera kuti ugadzirise nzvimbo dzakakanganisika panhunzi.

Sensitive controller inotumira data kuburikidza neWiFi kana RS-485
("Sensitive Home", Wikimedia Commons, CC-BY)

Iyo "sensitive home" system inoshandisa matekinoroji ese akashandiswa neIPS RAS kudzora macomputer makuru. Izvi zvinosanganisira masensa emagetsi, kutarisa uye kuremote control system. Parizvino, chirongwa chinonzwisa tsitsi chinomhanya pamasensa ayo uye chinogona kubatana nedhipatimendi remoto zvishwe, asi pane hurongwa hwekuunganidza data kubva kuma sensors echero "smart homes."

"Sensitive Imba" inonakidza nekuti yakaoma yakangwara mhinduro yeguta, nharaunda uye imba iri kuuya kumberi. Chii chinonakidza apa hachisi kuvaka supercomputer, asi kuvaka nzanga-kombuta yakaoma, kuunza supercomputer muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva, kuitira kuti muchina uchinje hupenyu hwevanhu.
(Olga Kolesnichenko, Ph.D., mudzidzisi mukuru paSechenov University)

Muchirimo cha2020, vanogadzira vanogadzirira seti yekutanga yezvirongwa uye michina yekuunganidza masisitimu ehukuru hwakasiyana muzvivakwa uye mudzimba. Vanovimbisa kuti mhedzisiro ichave nyore kumisikidza, isina kuomesesa kupfuura robhoti vacuum cleaner. Iyo yekutanga kit inotsigira chero midziyo inotariswa: kupisa boilers, mvura inodziya, mafiriji, pombi dzemvura uye septic matangi. Ipapo ichave shanduko yezvidiki-zviyero zvekutengesa, ipapo fabless kugadzirwa, kuwedzera kwema sensors matsva uye modules. Uye mune ramangwana, marudzi ese ekusiyana-siyana uye kuchinjika anogoneka - purazi rinonzwisa tsitsi, chipatara chinonzwisa tsitsi, ngarava inonzwisa tsitsi, uye kunyange tangi inoomesesa.

chinyorwa: CC-BY 4.0.
Mufananidzo: CC-BY-SA 3.0.

Source: www.habr.com