Bvudzi remunhu wemazuva ano harisi chinhu kunze kwechinhu chekuona-kuzviziva, chikamu chemufananidzo uye mufananidzo. Pasinei neizvi, aya maumbirwo ane nyanga eganda ane akati wandei akakosha mabasa ehupenyu: kudzivirira, thermoregulation, kubata, nezvimwe. Bvudzi redu rakasimba zvakadii? Sezvakazoitika, dzine simba rakapetwa kakawanda kupfuura bvudzi renzou kana kuti twiza.
Nhasi tichajairana neongororo umo masayendisiti kubva kuYunivhesiti yeCalifornia (USA) vakasarudza kuyedza kuti kukora kwebvudzi uye kusimba kwaro kunopindirana sei mumhando dzemhuka dzakasiyana, kusanganisira vanhu. Ibvudzi raani rakanyanya kusimba, ndeapi ma mechanic properties ane mhando dzakasiyana dzebvudzi, uye tsvakiridzo iyi ingabatsira sei kugadzira mhando itsva dzezvishandiso? Tinodzidza nezveizvi kubva mushumo revasayendisiti. Enda.
Hwaro hwechidzidzo
Bvudzi, rinosanganisira zvakanyanya puroteni keratin, ndiko kuumbwa kwenyanga dzeganda remammalian. Muchokwadi, bvudzi, makushe uye mvere zvakafanana. Chimiro chebvudzi chine mahwendefa ekeratin anopindirana, senge dominoes inowira pamusoro peimwe. Bvudzi rimwe nerimwe rine mitsara mitatu: cuticle ndiyo yekunze uye yekudzivirira; cortex - iyo cortex, inosanganisira masero akafa akareba (akakosha pakusimba uye kusimba kwebvudzi, inosarudza ruvara rwayo nekuda kwe melanin) uye medulla - iyo yepakati pebvudzi, inoumbwa neakapfava keratin masero uye mhepo cavities, inova. inobatanidzwa mukuendeswa kwezvinovaka muviri kune mamwe maseru.
Kana bvudzi rakakamurwa vertically, tinowana subcutaneous chikamu (shaft) uye subcutaneous chikamu (girobhu kana mudzi). Iyo girobhu yakakomberedzwa nefollicle, chimiro chayo chinotarisa chimiro chebvudzi pachayo: denderedzwa follicle yakatwasuka, oval follicle inoputika zvishoma, itsvo-yakaita follicle yakamonana.
Masayendisiti mazhinji anoratidza kuti kushanduka kwevanhu kuri kuchinja nekuda kwekufambira mberi kwemichina. Ndiko kuti, dzimwe nhengo uye zvimiro mumuviri wedu zvishoma nezvishoma zvinova rudimentary - izvo zvakarasikirwa nechinangwa chazvo. Nhengo dzemuviri idzi dzinosanganisira mazino ehuchenjeri, appendix uye bvudzi remuviri. Mune mamwe mazwi, masayendisiti anotenda kuti nekufamba kwenguva, zvimiro izvi zvichangonyangarika kubva kumuviri wedu. Zvingave izvi ichokwadi kana kwete zvakaoma kutaura, asi kune vakawanda vanhuwo zvavo, mazino euchenjeri, somuenzaniso, anobatanidzwa nekushanyira chiremba wemazino nokuda kwekubviswa kwavo kusingadzivisiki.
Ngazvive izvo, munhu anoda bvudzi; inogona kunge isisaite basa rakakosha mu thermoregulation, asi ichiri chikamu chakakosha cheaesthetics. Zvimwe chetezvo zvinogona kutaurwa pamusoro petsika dzenyika. Munyika dzakawanda, kubvira kare, bvudzi raionekwa somupi wesimba rose, uye kugerwa kwaibatanidzwa nezvinetso zvoutano zvinobvira uye kunyange kukundikana muupenyu. Chirevo chitsvene chebvudzi chakatama kubva kumitambo ye shamanic yemarudzi ekare kune mamwe zvitendero zvemazuva ano, mabasa evanyori, vanyori nevavezi. Kunyanya, runako rwechikadzi rwaiwanzoenderana nenzira iyo bvudzi revakadzi vakanaka raitaridzika kana rakaratidzwa (semuenzaniso, mumifananidzo).
Cherechedza kuti bvudzi raVenus rakatsanangurwa sei (Sandro Botticelli, "Kuberekwa kwaVenus", 1485).
Ngatisiyei padivi tsika uye aesthetic chimiro chebvudzi uye titange kufunga nezve tsvakiridzo yesainzi.
Bvudzi, mune imwe nzira kana imwe, iripo mumhando dzakawanda dzemhuka dzinoyamwisa. Kana kune vanhu ivo vasisakoshi zvakanyanya kubva pakuona kwehupenyu, saka kune vamwe vamiririri vemhuka yenyika makushe uye fur hunhu hwakakosha. Panguva imwecheteyo, maererano nemaitiro avo ekutanga, bvudzi revanhu uye, somuenzaniso, bvudzi renzou rakanyanya kufanana, kunyange zvazvo pane kusiyana. Chinonyanya kuoneka chazvo zviyero, nokuti vhudzi renzou rakanyanya kudarika redu, asi, sezvazvakazoitika, hazvina kusimba.
Masayendisiti ave achidzidza bvudzi nemvere kwenguva yakati rebei. Migumisiro yemabasa aya yakaitwa mu cosmetology nemishonga, uye mune chiedza indasitiri (kana, seanonyanyozivikanwa Kalugina L.P. angati: "chiedza indasitiri"), kana zvakanyanya mumachira. Mukuwedzera, chidzidzo chebvudzi chakabatsira zvikuru mukugadzirwa kwezvinyorwa zvinokonzerwa nekeratin, iyo pakutanga kwezana remakore rapfuura vakadzidza kuzviparadzanisa nenyanga dzemhuka vachishandisa lime.
Iyo keratin saka yakawanikwa yakashandiswa kugadzira gels inogona kusimbiswa nekuwedzera formaldehyde. Gare gare, vakadzidza kuparadzanisa keratin kwete chete nenyanga dzemhuka, asiwo kubva kumvere dzavo, pamwe chete nemvere dzevanhu. Zvinhu zvakavakirwa pakeratin zvakawana kushandiswa kwavo muzvizoro, macomposites uye kunyangwe mumachira emapiritsi.
Mazuvano, indasitiri yekudzidza nekugadzira zvinhu zvinogara uye zvisingaremi zviri kukurumidza kusimukira. Bvudzi, kuva rakasikwa zvakadaro, ndechimwe chezvinhu zvakasikwa zvinokurudzira rudzi urwu rwekutsvakurudza. Funga nezvesimba rekusimba remvere uye bvudzi revanhu, iro rinobva ku200 kusvika ku260 MPa, iyo yakaenzana nesimba rakananga re 150-200 MPa / mg m-3. Uye izvi zvinenge zvakaenzana nesimbi (250 MPa / mg m-3).
Basa guru mukugadzirwa kwemaitiro emagetsi ebvudzi rinotambidzwa nehurongwa hwayo hwe hierarchical, chiyeuchidzo chechidhori che matryoshka. Chinhu chinonyanya kukosha chechimiro ichi ndechemukati cortex ye cortical masero (diameter inenge 5 μm uye kureba 100 μm), inoumbwa nemapoka macrofibrils (dhayamita inenge 0.2-0.4 μm), iyo, iyo, inosanganisira yepakati filaments (7.5 nm). in dhayamita ), yakadzikwa mune amorphous matrix.
Iyo mechanical properties yebvudzi, kunzwa kwayo kune tembiricha, humidity uye deformation ndiyo yakananga mhedzisiro yekudyidzana kweamorphous uye crystalline zvikamu zve cortex. Iyo keratin fibers yebvudzi remunhu cortex kazhinji ine yakakwira elongation, ine tensile dhizaini inopfuura 40%.
Kukosha kwakakwirira kwakadaro kunokonzerwa nekusunungurwa kwechimiro а-keratin uye, mune dzimwe nguva, shanduko yayo kuita b-keratin, iyo inotungamira mukuwedzera kwehurefu (kutendeuka kwakazara kwe0.52 nm helix yakatambanudzwa kusvika 1.2 nm mukugadziriswa. b) Ichi ndicho chimwe chezvikonzero chikuru nei zvidzidzo zvakawanda zvakanangana nekeratin kuitira kuti iitezve muchimiro chekugadzira. Asi iyo yekunze yebvudzi (cuticle), sezvatinotoziva, ine mahwendefa (0.3-0.5 microns gobvu uye 40-60 microns pakureba).
Kare, masayendisiti akatoita tsvakurudzo pamusoro pezvigadzirwa zvema mechanical zvebvudzi revanhu vanobva kumazera akasiyana uye madzinza. Mubasa iri, kusimbiswa kwakaiswa pakudzidza kusiyana kwemagetsi emvere dzemarudzi emhuka dzakasiyana, dzinoti: vanhu, mabhiza, mabheya, nguruve dzesango, capybaras, peccaries, twiza nenzou.
Mhedzisiro yekutsvaga
Mufananidzo #1: Maumbirwo ebvudzi remunhu (А - cuticle; В - cortex kuputsika; kuratidza magumo efibers, С - pamusoro pechikanganiso, apo zvikamu zvitatu zvinoonekwa; D - lateral pamusoro pe cortex, kuratidza fiber elongation).
Bvudzi remunhu mukuru rinenge 80-100 microns mudhayamita. Nekutarisirwa kwebvudzi kwakajairwa, chitarisiko chavo chakazara (1A) Icho chikamu chemukati chebvudzi remunhu ndeye fibrous cortex. Mushure mekuedzwa kwakasimba, zvakaonekwa kuti cuticle uye cortex yebvudzi remunhu yakatsemuka zvakasiyana: iyo cuticle yaiwanzo tyoka abrasively (crumple), uye keratin fibers mu cortex yakabviswa uye yakadhonzwa kunze kwechimiro chese.1B).
Mumufananidzo 1С iyo isina kusimba pamusoro peiyo cuticle inonyatso kuoneka nekuona kwezvikamu, izvo zviri kupindirana cuticle mahwendefa uye ane ukobvu hwe350-400 nm. Iyo yakacherechedzwa delamination panzvimbo yekutyoka, pamwe neiyo brittle hunhu hweiyi nzvimbo, inoratidza isina kusimba kutaurirana kwemukati pakati pe cuticle ne cortex, uye pakati pe fiber mukati me cortex.
Keratin fibers mucortex yakabviswa (1D) Izvi zvinoratidza kuti iyo fibrous cortex inonyanya kukonzera kusimba kwemagetsi kwebvudzi.
Mufananidzo Nhamba 2: Maumbirwo emvere dzemabhiza (А - cuticle, mamwe mahwendefa ayo akatsauka zvishoma nekuda kwekushaya hanya; В - kuonekwa kwekuputika; С - tsanangudzo dzekuputika kwekortex, apo cuticle yakabvaruka inoonekwa; D - cuticle details).
Chimiro chebvudzi rebhiza chakafanana nebvudzi revanhu, kunze kwehupamhi, iyo 50% yakakura (150 microns). Mumufananidzo 2A Iwe unogona kuona kukuvadza kuri pachena kune cuticle, uko mahwendefa mazhinji asina kunyatsobatanidzwa kune shaft sezvaaive mubvudzi remunhu. Iyo saiti yekuputsika kwebhiza ine zvese zvakajairwa kuzorora uye kuputika kwebvudzi (delamination ye cuticle plates). On 2B Mhando mbiri dzekukuvadza dzinoonekwa. Munzvimbo idzo lamellae yakabviswa zvachose, iyo interface pakati pe cuticle uye cortex inoonekwa (2С) Mafibhi akati wandei akabvarurwa uye achidonha painterface. Kuenzanisa izvi zvakaonekwa nezvakaonekwa kare (bvudzi remunhu), kukundikana kwakadaro kunoratidza kuti bvudzi rebhiza harina kunetseka zvakanyanya sebvudzi remunhu apo mafiibhi ari mukorekisi akabudiswa kunze uye akavharwa zvachose kubva kune cuticle. Zvinogonawo kuonekwa kuti mamwe mahwendefa akavharwa kubva padanda, izvo zvingave zvichikonzerwa nekunetseka kwekunetseka (2D).
Mufananidzo #3: Bear hair morphology (А - cuticle; В - kukanganisa pamakona maviri akabatanidzwa nenzvimbo inoputika; С - kuputika kwecuticle ne delamination yefibers mu cortex; D - ruzivo rwefiber chimiro, akati wandei elongated fibers kubva kune yakajairika chimiro anooneka).
Ukobvu hwebvudzi rebere i80 microns. Iwo cuticle mahwendefa akanyanya kusungirirwa kune mumwe nemumwe (3A), uye mune dzimwe nzvimbo zvakatooma kusiyanisa mahwendefa ega. Izvi zvinogona kunge zvichikonzerwa nekukwenya kwebvudzi kune vavakidzani. Pasi pekunetseka kwekunetseka, vhudzi iri rakapatsanurwa chaizvo nekuonekwa kwekutsemuka kwakareba (inset on 3B), zvichiratidza kuti nekushaya simba kwekusunga kwecheki yakakuvadzwa, keratin fibers mu cortex yaikurumidza kupera. Iyo delamination ye cortex inokonzera kuputsika pa cuticle, sezvinoratidzwa neiyo zigzag pateni yekupwanya (3С) Kukakavadzana uku kunoita kuti mamwe mafiibhi aburitswe mucortex (3D).
Mufananidzo Nhamba 4: boar hair morphology (А - yakajairika flat hairline kutyoka; В - chimiro checuticle chinoratidza hurombo husina kunaka hwekutendeseka (kuunganidza) kweplateti; С - tsananguro yemugero pane interface pakati pecuticle uye cortex; D - mafibhi akareba kubva pahuwandu hwehuremu uye akabudikira fibrils).
Bvudzi renguruve rakakora kwazvo (230 mm), kunyanya mukuenzanisa nebvudzi rebere. Kubvaruka kwebvudzi kana kukuvara kunoratidzika zvakajeka (4A) perpendicular to the direction of tensile stress.
Zvishoma zvakafumuka mahwendefa e cuticle akabvarurwa kubva mumuviri mukuru webvudzi nekuda kwekutatamuka kwemapendero awo (4B).
Pamusoro penzvimbo yekuparadza, iyo delamination yemafibhi inoonekwa zvakajeka; zviri pachena zvakare kuti ivo vaive vanyatso batana mukati me cortex (4С) Fibers chete pamubatanidzwa pakati pe cortex uye cuticle zvakafumurwa nekuda kwekuparadzana (4D), izvo zvakaratidza kuvepo kwegobvu cortical fibrils (250 nm mudhayamita). Mamwe efibrils akabuda zvishoma nekuda kwedeformation. Vanofanirwa kushanda sechinhu chinosimbisa chebvudzi renguruve.
Mufananidzo #5: Maumbirwo ebvudzi renzou (А - С) uye twiza (D - F). А - cuticle; В - stepwise bvudzi kuputsika; С - voids mukati mebvudzi rinoratidza pakabvarurwa fiber. D - cuticular mahwendefa; Е - kunyange bvudzi rinoputika; F - fiber dzakabvaruka kubva kumusoro munzvimbo yekuputsika.
Bvudzi remwana wenzou rinogona kusvika 330 microns gobvu, uye mumunhu mukuru rinogona kusvika 1.5 mm. Mahwendefa ari pamusoro akaoma kusiyanisa (5A) Bvudzi renzou zvakare rinowanzoita kuparara, i.e. kuvhurika kwakachena. Uyezve, iyo morphology yekutyoka kwepasi inoratidza kutaridzika kutsika (5B), zvichida nekuda kwekuvapo kwezvikanganiso zviduku muhotekisi yebvudzi. Mamwe maburi madiki anogonawo kuonwa pamusoro pekutyoka kwepamusoro, uko kusimbisa fibrils kungangove kwakawanikwa kusati kwakuvadzwa (5С).
Mvere dzetwiza zvakare dzakakora (370 microns), kunyangwe kurongeka kwemapuleti ekucheka kusina kujeka (5D) Zvinotendwa kuti izvi zvinokonzerwa nekukuvadzwa kwavo nezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvezvakatipoteredza (somuenzaniso, kurwisana nemiti panguva yekudya). Pasinei nekusiyana uku, kutsemuka kwebvudzi retwiza kwakafanana nekwenzou (5F).
Mufananidzo Nhamba 6: capybara hair morphology (А - kaviri cuticular chimiro cheplateti; В - kuputika kwechimiro cheviri; С - fibers pedyo nemuganhu wekuputika inoratidzika brittle uye yakaoma; D - elongated fibers kubva munzvimbo yekuputika kwechimiro cheviri).
Bvudzi re capybaras uye peccaries rakasiyana nemamwe ose akadzidzwa. Mu capybara, musiyano mukuru kuvepo kwekaviri cuticle kumisikidzwa uye oval bvudzi chimiro (6A) Iyo groove pakati pezvikamu zviviri zvakaratidzwa zvebvudzi zvakakosha kubvisa mvura kubva mumvere dzemhuka nekukurumidza, pamwe chete nemhepo yakanaka, iyo inobvumira kuti iome nokukurumidza. Kana yakafumurwa kutambanudza, bvudzi rakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zviviri parutivi rwegoro, uye chikamu chimwe nechimwe chinoparadzwa (6B) Mafibhi mazhinji ekortex akaparadzaniswa uye akatambanudzwa (6С и 6D).
Mufananidzo #7: Peccary hair morphology (А - chimiro che cuticle uye nzvimbo yekuputika; В - morphology yekuparadza cortex uye ruzivo rwechimiro chayo; С - masero akavharwa (20 microns muhupamhi), masvingo ayo anosanganisira fibers; D - sero madziro).
The peccaries (mhuri Tayassuidae, i.e. peccary) bvudzi rine porous cortex, uye cuticle layer haina mahwendefa akasiyana (7A) Iyo cortex yebvudzi ine masero akavharika anoyera 10-30 microns (7B), madziro ayo ane keratin fibers (7С) Aya madziro ane porous, uye saizi yeimwe pore inenge 0.5-3 microns (7D).
Sezvauri kuona pamufananidzo 7A, pasina tsigiro yefibrous cortex, cuticle inotsemuka ichitevedza mutsara wekuputsika, uye mafibhi anodhonzwa kune dzimwe nzvimbo. Ichi chimiro chebvudzi chakakosha kuita kuti vhudzi riwedzere, rinoona richiwedzera kukura kwemhuka, iyo inogona kuva nzira yekudzivirira ye peccary. Bvudzi rePeccary rinoramba kudzvanywa zvakanaka, asi harina kubata nekutambanudza.
Sezvo vanzwisisa maumbirwo ebvudzi remhuka dzakasiyana, pamwe nemhando dzavo dzekukuvadza nekuda kwekukakavadzana, masayendisiti akatanga kutsanangura maitiro emagetsi.
Mufananidzo No. 8: deformation diagram yemhando yebvudzi rimwe nerimwe uye dhiyabhorosi yegadziriro yekuedza yekuwana data (strain rate 10-2 s-1).
Sezvinoonekwa kubva mugirafu riri pamusoro, mhinduro yekutambanudza mubvudzi remhando dzakasiyana dzemhuka yaive yakasiyana. Nokudaro, vhudzi remunhu, bhiza, nguruve uye bheya zvakaratidza maitiro akafanana nekuita kwemvere dzemakwai (kwete zveumwe munhu, asi textile material).
Pane imwe yakakwira elastic modulus ye3.5-5 GPa, macurves ane mutsara (elastic) nharaunda, inoteverwa nebani ine zvishoma nezvishoma kuwedzera kushushikana kusvika kune strain ye0.20-0.25, mushure meiyo chiyero chekuomesera chinowedzera zvakanyanya kusvika a kukundikana kwe 0.40. Nzvimbo yebani inoreva kusunungura а-helical chimiro chekeratin yepakati filaments, iyo mune dzimwe nguva inogona (chikamu) kushandura kuita b-sheets (flat structures). Kuzadza kusunungura kunotungamira kune deformation ye1.31, iyo yakanyanya kukwirira kupfuura pakupera kweichi nhanho (0.20-0.25).
Iyo crystalline thread-sechikamu chechimiro chakakomberedzwa neamorphous matrix isingashanduki. Iyo amorphous chikamu inosvika 55% yehuwandu hwehuwandu, asi chete kana dhayamita yepakati filaments iri 7 nm uye iyo yakaparadzaniswa ne2 nm yeamorphous material. Zviratidzo zvakanyatsojeka zvakadaro zvakatorwa mune zvidzidzo zvekare.
Munguva yekuoma nhanho ye deformation, kutsvedza kunoitika pakati pecortical fibers pamwe nepakati pezvidiki zvimiro zvakaita se microfibrils, yepakati filaments, uye amorphous matrix.
Twiza, nzou nemvere dzemapeccary dzinoratidza mhinduro yakaomarara isina mutsauko wakajeka pakati pemapani nematunhu ekukurumidza kuoma (peaks). Iyo elastic modulus yakaderera uye inenge 2 GPa.
Kusiyana nemamwe marudzi, capybara bvudzi rinoratidza mhinduro inoratidzwa nekukurumidza kuomeswa kana tsinhiro dzinotevedzana dzichiiswa. Kucherechedzwa uku kwakabatana nechimiro chisina kujairika chebvudzi re capybara, kana zvakanyanya nekuvapo kwezvikamu zviviri zvakaenzanirana uye groove refu pakati pavo.
Zvidzidzo zvekare zvakatoitwa zvinoratidza kuti Young's modulus (longitudinal elastic modulus) inoderera nekuwedzera kwebvudzi dhayamita mumhando dzakasiyana dzemhuka. Aya mabasa akacherekedza kuti peccary's Young's modulus yakanyanya kuderera pane yedzimwe mhuka, izvo zvinogona kunge zviri nekuda kwekurongeka kwebvudzi rayo.
Zvinodawo kuziva kuti peccaries ane nzvimbo dzakasviba uye chena pavhudzi ravo (mbiri-mavara). Tensile breaks inowanzoitika munzvimbo chena yebvudzi. Kuwedzera kupikisa kwenzvimbo yakasviba kunokonzerwa nekuvapo kwe melanosomes, iyo inowanikwa chete mubvudzi dema.
Zvose izvi zvinoonekwa zvechokwadi zvakasiyana, asi mubvunzo mukuru unoramba uripo: hukuru hwebvudzi hunoita basa musimba rayo here?
Kana tikatsanangura bvudzi mumhuka dzinoyamwisa, tinogona kusimbisa chokwadi chikuru chinozivikanwa nevaongorori:
- mumhando dzakawanda dzebvudzi dzakakora muchikamu chepakati uye tapers kusvika kumagumo; Makushe emhuka dzesango anokora nemhaka yeugaro hwadzo;
- Kusiyana kwehupamhi hwebvudzi reimwe rudzi kunoratidza kuti ukobvu hwemvere zhinji hunosiyana mukati mehupamhi hwemhando yemhuka dzakapihwa. Ukobvu hwebvudzi hunogona kusiyana pakati pevamiririri vakasiyana-siyana vemarudzi akafanana, asi chii chinokonzera kusiyana uku kuchiri kuzivikanwa;
- Mhando dzakasiyana dzemhuka dzinoyamwisa dzine makubvu ebvudzi akasiyana (se cliche sezvinganzwika).
Nekupfupisa izvi zviri pachena chokwadi uye data yakawanikwa panguva yekuyedza, masayendisiti akakwanisa kuenzanisa zvese zvabuda kuti aumbe hukama pakati pebvudzi gobvu nesimba raro.
Mufananidzo Nhamba 9: hukama pakati pebvudzi rakakora uye simba rayo mumhando dzakasiyana dzemhuka.
Nekuda kwekusiyana kwedhayamita yebvudzi uye kuwedzera, masayendisiti akafunga kuona kana kushushikana kwavo kuchigona kufanotaurwa zvichienderana neWeibull statistics, iyo inogona kunyatso tsanangura misiyano muhukuru hwemuenzaniso uye mhedzisiro saizi.
Inofungidzirwa kuti chikamu chebvudzi chine vhoriyamu V inosanganisira n zvinhu zvevhoriyamu, uye yega yega vhoriyamu V0 ine kugovera kwakafanana kwekuremara. Uchishandisa iyo isina simba yekubatanidza fungidziro, pane yakapihwa voltage level σ probability P kuchengetedza kutendeseka kwechikamu chebvudzi chakapiwa nehuwandu V inogona kuratidzwa sechigadzirwa chekuwedzera mikana yekuchengetedza kutendeseka kwechimwe nechimwe chezvinhu zvevhoriyamu, zvinoti:
P(V) = P(V0) · P(V0)… · P(V0) = · P(V0)n
volume iripi V ine n volume elements V0. Sezvo voltage inowedzera P(V) zvinodzikira.
Uchishandisa maviri-parameter Weibull kugovera, mukana wekutadza kwevhoriyamu yese unogona kuratidzwa se:
1 - P = 1 - kupera [-V/V0 · (σ/σ0) m]
apo σ - voltage inoshandiswa, σ0 ndiwo hunhu (reference) simba, uye m - Weibull modulus, inova chiyero chekusiyana kwepfuma. Izvo zvakakosha kucherechedza kuti mukana wekuparadzwa unowedzera nekuwedzera saizi yemuenzaniso V pa voltage yenguva dzose σ.
Pachati 9A Iyo Weibull kugovera kwekuyedza kutadza kushushikana kwebvudzi remunhu uye capybara inoratidzwa. Macurve ezvimwe zvipenyu akafanotaurwa pachishandiswa formula #2 ine kukosha kwakafanana kwem seyebvudzi remunhu (m = 0.11).
Avhareji yemadhayamita akashandiswa aiva: nguruve - 235 µm, bhiza - 200 µm, peccary - 300 µm, bere - 70 µm, bvudzi renzou - 345 µm uye twiza - 370 µm.
Kubva pane chokwadi chekuti kutyora kushushikana kunogona kutsanangurwa pa P(V) = 0.5, mhedzisiro iyi inoratidza kuti kutadza kushushikana kunodzikira nekuwedzera dhayamita yebvudzi pamarudzi ese.
Pachati 9B inoratidza kufanotaura kuputika kunetseka pa50% mukana wekukundikana (P(V) = 0.5) uye avhareji yekuyedza kutyora kushushikana kwemarudzi akasiyana.
Zvinova pachena kuti sezvo hupamhi hwebvudzi hunowedzera kubva ku100 kusvika ku350 mm, kuputsa kwayo kunetseka kunoderera kubva 200-250 MPa kusvika 125-150 MPa. Iyo Weibull yekugovera simulation mhedzisiro iri muchibvumirano chakanakisa neiyo chaiyo yekutarisa mhinduro. Iyo chete inosarudzika ndebvudzi repeccary sezvo rakanyanya porous. Simba chairo rebvudzi repeccary rakaderera pane iro rinoratidzwa neWeibull distribution modeling.
Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo rwakadzama rwema nuances echidzidzo, ini ndinokurudzira kutarisa и kwaari.
Epilogue
Mhedziso huru yekutarisa pamusoro apa ndeyekuti bvudzi rakakora harina kuenzana nevhudzi rakasimba. Ichokwadi, sezvinotaura masayendisiti pachavo, kutaura uku hakusi kuwanikwa kwemireniyumu, sezvo zvakaonekwa zvakafanana pakudzidza simbi yesimbi. Pfungwa iri pano haisati iri mufizikisi, mechanics kana biology, asi muhuwandu - kukura kwechinhu, ndiko kukura kwenzvimbo yehurema.
Masayendisiti anotenda kuti basa ratakaongorora nhasi richabatsira vavanoshanda navo kugadzira zvinhu zvitsva zvekugadzira. Dambudziko guru nderekuti kunyangwe nekuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji yemazuva ano, havasati vakwanisa kugadzira chimwe chinhu chakaita sebvudzi remunhu kana renzou. Mushure mezvose, kugadzira chimwe chinhu chiduku chatova dambudziko, tisingatauri chimiro chayo chakaoma.
Sezvatinogona kuona, chidzidzo ichi chakaratidza kuti kwete chete spider silk inofanirwa kutariswa nemasayendisiti sekurudziro yeramangwana ultra-simba uye ultra-light materials, asiwo bvudzi revanhu rinogona kushamisika nemagetsi ayo uye simba rinoshamisa.
Ndatenda nekuverenga, garai muchida kuziva uye muve nevhiki yakanaka vakomana. 🙂
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Source: www.habr.com