Iyo inert inert gasi helium haina dhipoziti yayo uye hairambi mumhepo yepasi. Inogadzirwa senge-chigadzirwa chegasi rechisikigo kana kubviswa kubva mukutorwa kwemamwe mamineral. Kusvika nguva pfupi yadarika, helium yaigadzirwa kunyanya munzvimbo nhatu huru: imwe muQatar uye mbiri muU.SA (muWyoming neTexas). Aya matatu masosi akapa 75% yepasi rose kugadzirwa kwehelium. Muchokwadi, iyo US ndiyo yaive yakanyanya kutengesa helium pasirese kwemakumi emakore, asi izvo zvachinja. Helium reserves muUnited States yakapera zvakanyanya.
Payekupedzisira auction yakarongwa nevakuru veUS munaGunyana gore rapfuura, uko quotas dzekushandisa helium dzakatengeswa muna 2019, mutengo wegasi iri wakawedzera ne135% gore pagore. Pane mukana wekuti aka kaive kekupedzisira helium ichitengeswa kumakambani akazvimirira. Muna 2013, mutemo wakadzikwa waida kuti United States ibve pamusika wepasi rose wehelium. Nzvimbo yekuchera helium muTexas ndeyehurumende uye yapera. Zvichakadaro, helium inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muaerospace, semiconductor kugadzira, tsvakiridzo yesainzi, mushonga (wekutonhora MRI scanners) uye varaidzo. Chaizvoizvo, mabharumu ehelium anga achiri uye anoramba ari chigadzirwa chikuru uchishandisa helium muUnited States.
Kudzikamisa kushomeka kwehelium, masayendisiti anokurudzira kuunza matekinoroji ekudzoreredza nekuchenesa gasi uye kudzokera kumusika. Asi kusvika pari zvino hapana mhinduro dzinogamuchirika dzeizvi. Kunewo mazano ekugovera kwakasimba kwehelium, pasina iyo yakawanda yezvigadzirwa zvesainzi hazvigone kushanda. Asi iwe hausi kuzopinda mumusika neizvi. Mutengesi mukuru wemidziyo yebato muUnited States, Party City, yakatorasikirwa ne30% yemutengo wayo wemari mugore rapfuura uye haisi kuzozvishivirira. Kwaari, mabharumu ehelium ndiwo anonyanya kuwana mari.
Nekunonoka kumwe, kushomeka kwehelium kunogona kubviswa nekuda kwemakambani epasi rese anoronga kutanga kugadzira helium makore gumi anotevera asati apera. Saka, nekunonoka kwemakore akati wandei, Qatar ichavhura saiti nyowani muna 2020 (zvirango zvemubatanidzwa weArab kurwisa nyika ino munguva yechando ye2018 zvakakanganisa). Muna 2021, Russia ichatora chikamu chayo chemusika wehelium nekutanga imwe nzvimbo yakakura yekugadzira helium. MuUnited States, Desert Mountain Energy neAmerican Helium zvichatanga kushanda mumusika uyu. Kugadzirwa kweHelium kuchaitwa nemakambani ari kuAustralia, Canada neTanzania. Musika wehelium hauchave uri weUS monopoly, asi kumwe kushomeka kungangove kusingakwanise kudzivirirwa.
Source: 3dnews.ru