Muchinyorwa chino tichakuudza kuti takagadzirisa sei dambudziko rekushaikwa kwemaseru emahara mudura uye kuvandudzwa kweiyo discrete optimization algorithm kugadzirisa dambudziko rakadaro. Ngatitaurei nezve "takavaka" iyo yemasvomhu modhi yedambudziko rekugadzirisa, uye nezve kuomerwa kwatakasangana nako tisingafungire pakugadzirisa data rekupinza regorgorithm.
Kana iwe uchifarira mashandisirwo emasvomhu mubhizinesi uye usingatyi kuomarara chitupa shanduko yemafomati pagiredhi rechishanu, wobva wagamuchirwa kukati!
Nyaya yacho ichave yakakosha kune avo vanoita WMS-Systems, inoshanda mudura kana kugadzirwa kwezvinhu indasitiri, pamwe nevagadziri vepurogiramu vanofarira mashandisirwo emasvomhu mubhizinesi uye optimization yemaitiro mubhizinesi.
Chikamu chekutanga
Ichi chinyorwa chinoenderera mberi nenhevedzano yezvinyorwa umo isu tinogovana ruzivo rwedu rwakabudirira mukushandisa optimization algorithms mumagadzirirwo ekuchengetedza.
Π inotsanangura zvakanangana neimba yekuchengetera zvinhu patakashandisa WMS-system, uye zvakare inotsanangura chikonzero nei taida kugadzirisa dambudziko rekubatanidza mabheti ezvakasara zvinhu panguva yekuitwa WMS-systems, uye kuti takazviita sei.
Patakapedza kunyora chinyorwa nezve optimization algorithms, yakave yakakura kwazvo, saka takafunga kupatsanura izvo zvakaunganidzwa muzvikamu zviviri:
- Muchikamu chekutanga (chinyorwa ichi) tichataura nezvekuti taka "vaka" sei masvomhu muenzaniso wedambudziko, uye nezvematambudziko makuru atakasangana nawo tisingatarisire pakugadzirisa nekushandura data yekuisa yealgorithm.
- Muchikamu chechipiri tichatarisa zvakadzama kushandiswa kwegorgorithm mumutauro C ++, isu tichaita bvunzo dzemakomputa uye nekupfupisa chiitiko chatakawana panguva yekuitwa kweakadaro "akangwara matekinoroji" mumaitiro ebhizinesi remutengi.
Maverengero echinyorwa. Kana iwe ukaverenga chinyorwa chakapfuura, ipapo iwe unogona kubva ipapo kuenda kuchitsauko "Ongororo yezvigadziriso zviripo"; kana zvisiri, saka tsananguro yedambudziko riri kugadziriswa iri muparadzi pazasi.
Tsanangudzo yedambudziko riri kugadziriswa padura remutengi
Bottleneck muzvirongwa
Muna 2018, takapedza chirongwa chekuita WMS-masisitimu paimba yekuchengetera "Trading House" LD" muChelyabinsk. Isu takashandisa chigadzirwa "1C-Logistics: Warehouse Management 3" yenzvimbo makumi maviri dzebasa: vanoshanda. WMS, vatengesi vezvitoro, vatyairi veforklift. Ivhareji yekuchengetera inenge 4 zviuru m2, nhamba yemasero ndeye 5000 uye nhamba yeSKUs ndeye 4500. Imba inochengetera mavharuvhu ebhora ekugadzirwa kwedu kwehukuru hwakasiyana kubva pa1 kg kusvika ku400 kg. Inventory mudura inochengetwa mumabhechi, sezvo paine kudikanwa kwekusarudza zvinhu zvinoenderana neFIFO.
Munguva yekugadzirwa kwearehouse process otomatiki zvirongwa, takanga takatarisana nedambudziko raivepo rekusina-optimal inventory kuchengetedza. Izvo zvakananga zvekuchengetedza nekuisa cranes ndezvekuti imwe yuniti yekuchengetedza sero inogona kungova nezvinhu kubva kune rimwe batch (ona Fig. 1). Zvigadzirwa zvinosvika paimba yekuchengetera mazuva ese uye imwe neimwe inosvika iboka rakasiyana. Pakazara, semugumisiro wemwedzi 1 wekushanda kwekuchengetedza, 30 mabheti akasiyana anogadzirwa, zvisinei nekuti imwe neimwe inofanira kuchengetwa mune imwe sero. Zvigadzirwa zvinowanzosarudzwa kwete mumapallet akazara, asi muzvidimbu, uye nekudaro, munzvimbo yekusarudza chidimbu mumaseru mazhinji mufananidzo unotevera unoonekwa: musero rine huwandu hunopfuura 1 m3 kune akati wandei zvidimbu zve cranes. tora isingasviki 5-10% yevhoriyamu yesero.
Fig 1. Mufananidzo wezvimedu zvakawanda muchitokisi
Zviri pachena kuti kuchengetedza huwandu hausi kushandiswa zvakakwana. Kufungidzira chiyero chenjodzi, ndinogona kupa nhamba: paavhareji, kune kubva ku1 kusvika ku3 masero emasero akadaro ane vhoriyamu inodarika 100 m300 ine "minuscule" zviyero panguva dzakasiyana dzekushanda kweimba yekuchengetera zvinhu. Sezvo imba yekuchengetera iri idiki, panguva yekuchengetera bhizi mwaka chinhu ichi chinova "bhodhoro" uye inononoka zvakanyanya nzira yekuchengetera yekugamuchira uye kutumira.
Dambudziko rekugadzirisa pfungwa
Imwe pfungwa yakamuka: mabheti ezvasara ane mazuva ari pedyo anofanira kudzikiswa kuita batch rimwe chete, uye zvakasara zvakadaro zvine batch rakabatana zvinofanirwa kuiswa zvakabatana musero rimwe, kana mune akati wandei, kana pasina nzvimbo yakakwana mune imwe yekugara. huwandu hwese hwezvasara. Muenzaniso we "kumanikidza" kwakadaro unoratidzwa mumufananidzo 2.
Fig.2. Scheme yekumanikidza zvisaririra mumaseru
Izvi zvinokutendera kuti uderedze zvakanyanya yakagarwa nzvimbo yekuchengetera iyo ichashandiswa kune zvinhu zvitsva zviri kuiswa. Mumamiriro ezvinhu apo nzvimbo yekuchengetera zvinhu yakaremerwa, chiyero chakadaro chakakosha zvakanyanya, zvikasadaro panogona kunge pasina nzvimbo yakakwana yekugara zvinhu zvitsva, izvo zvinozotungamira kumira muhurongwa hwekuchengetera uye kudzoreredza uye, semhedzisiro, kumira mukugamuchirwa uye kutakura. Kare, kusati kwaitwa kweWMS system, kuvhiyiwa kwakadaro kwakaitwa nemaoko, izvo zvakanga zvisingabatsiri, sezvo nzira yekutsvaga zviyero zvakakodzera mumasero yakanga yakareba. Zvino, nekuunzwa kweWMS system, isu takafunga kuita otomatiki maitiro, nekumhanyisa uye kuita kuti ive nehungwaru.
Maitiro ekugadzirisa dambudziko rakadaro akakamurwa kuita 2 nhanho:
- padanho rekutanga tinowana mapoka emabhechi ari pedyo nemusi wekumanikidza (akatsaurirwa kune iri basa );
- pachikamu chechipiri, kune rimwe nerimwe boka remabheti isu tinoverenga zvakanyanya compact kuiswa kwezvinhu zvakasara mumasero.
Muchinyorwa chazvino tichatarisa padanho rechipiri regorgorithm.
Ongororo yezvigadziriso zviripo
Tisati taenda kune tsananguro yealgorithms yatakagadzira, zvakakosha kuti tiite muchidimbu masystem agara aripo pamusika. WMS, iyo inoshandisa yakafanana optimal compression performance.
Chokutanga pane zvose, zvakakosha kucherechedza chigadzirwa "1C: Enterprise 8. WMS Logistics. Warehouse manejimendi 4", iri yavo uye inodzokororwa ne1C uye ndeyechizvarwa chechina WMS-masisitimu akagadzirwa neAXELOT. Iyi sisitimu inoti compression mashandiro, ayo akagadzirirwa kubatanidza akasiyana chigadzirwa chinoramba chiri musero rimwe chete. Zvakakodzera kutaura kuti kushanda kwekumanikidza muhurongwa hwakadaro kunosanganisirawo zvimwe zvingangoitika, semuenzaniso, kugadzirisa kuiswa kwezvinhu mumaseru zvichienderana nemakirasi avo eABC, asi isu hatizogara pazviri.
Kana iwe uchiongorora kodhi ye1C: Enterprise 8. WMS Logistics system. Warehouse manejimendi 4" (iyo yakavhurika mune ino chikamu chekushanda), tinogona kupedzisa zvinotevera. Iyo yasara compression algorithm inoshandisa yakare mutsara mutsara uye hapagone kuve nekutaura kwechero "chakanyanya" compression. Nomuzvarirwo, haipei kuunganidzwa kwemapato. Vatengi vanoverengeka vaive nehurongwa hwakadai hwakaitwa vakanyunyuta nezvemhedzisiro yekumanikidza kuronga. Semuenzaniso, kazhinji mukuita panguva yekumanikidza zvinotevera zvakaitika: 100 pcs. Inorongwa kutamisa zvinhu zvakasara kubva kune imwe sero kuenda kune imwe sero, uko 1 chidimbu chiripo. zvinhu, kunyangwe zviri izvo zvakanyanya kubva pakuona kwekushandisa nguva kuita zvakapesana.
Zvakare, kushanda kwekumanikidza zvinhu zvasara mumaseru kunoziviswa munyika zhinji dzekunze. WMS-Systems, asi, zvinosuruvarisa, isu hatina mhinduro chaiyo pamusoro pekushanda kwealgorithms (ichi chakavanzika chekutengeserana), ndoda pfungwa pamusoro pekudzika kwemafungiro avo (proprietary closed-source software), saka hatigoni kutonga.
Tsvaga muenzaniso wemasvomhu wedambudziko
Kuti ugadzire algorithms emhando yepamusoro yekugadzirisa dambudziko, zvinofanirwa kutanga kugadzira dambudziko iri nemasvomhu, ndizvo zvatichaita.
Kune masero akawanda , iyo ine zvisaririra zvezvimwe zvinhu. Mune zvinotevera, tichadaidza masero akadaro donor cell. Ngatiratidzei huwandu hwezvinhu muchitokisi $.
Izvo zvakakosha kutaura kuti chigadzirwa chimwe chete chebatch imwe, kana akati wandei mabheti akambosanganiswa kuita sumbu (verenga: ), iyo inokonzerwa neiyo chaiyo yekuchengetedza uye kuchengetedza zvinhu. Zvigadzirwa zvakasiyana kana akasiyana batch masumbu anofanirwa kumhanyisa ega maitiro ekumanikidza.
Kune masero akawanda , mune izvo zvakasara kubva kumasero evanopa zvinogona kuiswa. Tichaenderera mberi tichidaidza masero akadaro emidziyo maseru. Aya anogona kunge ari emahara maseru mudura kana masero evanopa kubva kwakasiyana . Nguva dzose yakawanda iri subset .
Pasero rega rega kubva kune vakawanda Zvirambidzo zvekugona zvakaiswa , kuyerwa ne dm3. Imwe dm3 icube ine mativi masendimita 10. Zvigadzirwa zvakachengetwa mudura zvakakura kwazvo, saka muchiitiko ichi discretization yakadaro yakakwana.
Kupihwa matrix ezvinhambwe zvipfupi mumamita pakati pemasero maviri kupi ΠΈ ndezvemaseti ΠΈ maererano.
Ngatiratidzei "mitengo" yekufambisa zvinhu kubva muchitokisi ku cell . Ngatiratidzei "mitengo" yekusarudza mudziyo kutamisa zvisaririra kubva kune mamwe masero kupinda mairi. Sei chaizvo uye mumayuniti epiyero iyo kukosha ichaverengerwa ΠΈ isu tichafunga zvakare (ona chikamu chiri kugadzirira data yekuisa), nekuti ikozvino zvakwana kutaura kuti hunhu hwakadaro huchaenderana zvakananga nehunhu. ΠΈ maererano.
Ngatiratidzei shanduko inotora kukosha 1 kana yasara ichibva musero akaendeswa kumudziyo , uye 0 neimwe nzira. Ngatiratidzei shanduko inotora kukosha 1 kana mudziyo ine zvinhu zvasara, uye 0 neimwe nzira.
Basa racho rinotaurwa sezvinotevera: unoda kuwana midziyo yakawanda uye nekudaro "batanidza" masero evanopa kune maseru emidziyo kuitira kuderedza basa
pasi pezvirambidzo
Pakazara, kana tichiverenga mhinduro kudambudziko, tinoedza ku:
- chekutanga, kuchengetedza huwandu hwekuchengetedza;
- chechipiri, kuchengetedza nguva yevachengeti vezvitoro.
Kurambidzwa kwekupedzisira kunoreva kuti hatigone kufambisa zvinhu mumudziyo watisina kusarudza, uye saka hatina "kuunza mari" yekuisarudza. Chirambidzo ichi zvakare chinoreva kuti huwandu hwezvinhu zvinofambiswa kubva kumasero kuenda mumudziyo haufanire kudarika huwandu hwemudziyo. Nekugadzirisa dambudziko tinoreva seti yemidziyo uye nzira dzekubatanidza masero evanopa kumidziyo.
Uku kuumbwa kwedambudziko rekugadzirisa hakusi kutsva, uye kwakadzidzwa nenyanzvi dzemasvomhu kubva kutanga kwe80s yezana ramakore rapfuura. Muzvinyorwa zvekunze kune matambudziko maviri ekugadzirisa ane akakodzera masvomhu modhi: ΠΈ (tichataura pamusoro pekusiyana kwemabasa gare gare). Zvakakodzera kutaura kuti mumabhuku emasvomhu, kuumbwa kwezvinetso zviviri zvakadaro zvekugadzirisa zvinogadzirwa maererano nenzvimbo yemabhizinesi pasi, saka zita rekuti "Nzvimbo Yenzvimbo". Kune chikamu chikuru, uyu mutero kune tsika, sezvo kekutanga kudiwa kwekugadzirisa matambudziko akadaro ekubatanidza kwakauya kubva kumunda we Logistics, kunyanya kubva kumauto-industrial chikamu mu50s yezana ramakore rapfuura. Panyaya yenzvimbo yebhizinesi, mabasa akadaro anogadzirwa seinotevera:
- Kune huwandu hunogumira hwemaguta uko zvinokwanisika kuwana mabhizinesi ekugadzira (achazodaidzwa semaguta ekugadzira). Kune rimwe nerimwe guta rekugadzira, mari yekuvhura bhizinesi mariri inotsanangurwa, pamwe nekuganhurirwa pahuwandu hwekugadzira bhizinesi rakavhurwa mariri.
- Iko kune inogumira seti yemaguta uko vatengi vanowanikwa chaizvo (pano vanonzi maguta evatengi). Kune rimwe nerimwe guta revatengi rakadai, huwandu hwekudiwa kwezvigadzirwa hunotsanangurwa. Kuti zvive nyore, isu tichafungidzira kuti pane chete chigadzirwa chinogadzirwa nemabhizinesi uye chinopedzwa nevatengi.
- Kune yega yega yeguta-mugadziri uye guta-mutengi, kukosha kwemitengo yekufambisa yekuendesa inodiwa vhoriyamu yezvigadzirwa kubva kumugadziri kune mutengi inotsanangurwa.
Iwe unofanirwa kutsvaga kuti ndeapi maguta ekuvhura mabhizinesi uye maitiro ekubatanidza vatengi kumabhizinesi akadai kuti:
- Mari yese yekuvhura mabhizinesi nemari yekufambisa yaive shoma;
- Huwandu hwekudiwa kubva kune vatengi vakapihwa chero bhizinesi rakavhurika hauna kupfuura huwandu hwekugadzira hwebhizinesi iro.
Zvino zvakakodzera kutaura mutsauko chete mune aya maviri ekirasi matambudziko:
- Single-Source Capacitated Facility Nzvimbo Dambudziko - mutengi anopihwa kubva kune imwechete yakavhurika nzvimbo;
- Multi-Source Capacitated Facility Nzvimbo Dambudziko - mutengi anogona kupihwa kubva kune akati wandei akavhurika zvivakwa panguva imwe chete.
Musiyano wakadaro pakati pezvinetso zviviri hauna kukosha pakutanga, asi, chokwadi, unotungamira kune akasiyana zvachose combinatorial chimiro chezvinetso zvakadaro uye, semhedzisiro, kune akasiyana algorithms ekuagadzirisa. Misiyano pakati pemabasa inoratidzwa mumufananidzo uri pasi apa.
Fig.3. a) Multi-Source Capacitated Facility Nzvimbo Dambudziko
Fig.3. b) Imwe-Source Capacitated Facility Nzvimbo Dambudziko
Ose mabasa -zvakaoma, ndiko kuti, hapana algorithm chaiyo inogona kugadzirisa dambudziko rakadaro munguva yepolynomial muhukuru hwe data yekupinza. Nemashoko akareruka, ese chaiwo algorithms ekugadzirisa dambudziko achashanda munguva yeexponential, kunyangwe pamwe nekukurumidza kupfuura kutsvaga kwakakwana kwesarudzo. Kubva basa -zvakaoma, saka isu tichafunga chete approximate heuristics, ndiko kuti, algorithms iyo inogara ichiverenga mhinduro dziri padyo nepamusoro uye inoshanda nekukurumidza. Kana iwe uchifarira basa rakadaro, unogona kuwana mhedziso yakanaka muRussia pano.
Kana tikachinjira kune terminology yedambudziko redu rekudzvanya kwakaringana kwezvinhu mumaseru, zvino:
- maguta evatengi masero evanopa nezvimwe zvinhu zvasara.
- kugadzira maguta - masero emidziyo , umo zvakasara kubva kune mamwe masero zvinofanirwa kuiswa,
- mari yekufambisa - nguva mari muchengeti wechitoro kuti afambise huwandu hwezvinhu kubva kudonor cell musero remudziyo ;
- mari yekuvhura bhizinesi - mari yekusarudza mudziyo , yakaenzana nehuwandu hwesero remudziyo , yakawedzerwa neimwe coefficient yekuchengetedza mavhoriyamu emahara (kukosha kweiyo coefficient nguva dzose> 1) (ona chikamu chinogadzirira data yekupinza).
Mushure mekufananidza neanozivikanwa ekirasi mhinduro dzedambudziko radhirowewa, zvinodikanwa kuti upindure mubvunzo unokosha uyo kusarudzwa kwekuvaka kweiyo algorithm yemhinduro kunoenderana: kufambisa zvakasara kubva kudonor cell zvinogoneka kune imwe chete. uye chigaba chimwe chete (Single-Source), kana zvinoita here kufambisa zvakasara mumaseru akati wandei (Multi-Source)?
Zvakakosha kucherechedza kuti mukuita zvose zvinogadziriswa zvedambudziko zvinoitika. Isu tinopa zvese zvakanakira nezvayakaipira kune yega yega seti pazasi:
| Dambudziko rakasiyana | Pros yesarudzo | Cons yesarudzo |
|---|---|---|
| Imwe-Mabviro | Mafambisirwo emidziyo akaverengerwa uchishandisa iyi musiyano yedambudziko:
|
|
| Multi-Source | Madzvanyiriri akaverengerwa uchishandisa iyi vhezheni yedambudziko anowanzo 10-15% yakawanda compact zvichienzaniswa nekumanikidza kuverengerwa uchishandisa iyo "Single-Source" sarudzo. Asi isu tinocherekedza zvakare kuti idiki iyo nhamba yezvisaririra mumaseru evanopa, idiki mutsauko mukubatana. | Mafambisirwo emidziyo akaverengerwa uchishandisa iyi musiyano yedambudziko:
|
Tafura 1. Zvakanakira uye zvakaipira zveSingle-Source uye Multi-Source sarudzo.
Sezvo iyo Single-Source sarudzo ine mamwe mabhenefiti, uye zvakare tichifunga nezve iyo diki nhamba yezvisaririra mumaseru evanopa, idiki mutsauko weiyo dhigirii yekumanikidza compactness yakaverengerwa kune ese ari maviri edambudziko, sarudzo yedu yakawira pamusoro. iyo Imwe-Mabviro sarudzo.
Zvakakodzera kutaura kuti mhinduro kune Multi-Source sarudzo inoitikawo. Kune huwandu hukuru hweanoshanda algorithms ekuigadzirisa, mazhinji ayo anouya pakugadzirisa akati wandei matambudziko ekufambisa. Iko kune zvakare kwete chete inoshanda algorithms, asiwo anoyevedza, semuenzaniso,
Kugadzirira Input Data
Usati watanga kuongorora uye kugadzira algorithm kugadzirisa dambudziko, zvinodikanwa kuti usarudze kuti ndeipi data uye mune fomu ipi yatichaidyisa sekuisa. Iko hakuna matambudziko nehuwandu hwezvinhu zvakasara mumaseru evanopa uye huwandu hwemaseru emidziyo, nekuti izvi zvidiki - huwandu hwakadaro huchayerwa mum3, asi nemari yekushandisa sero remidziyo uye mutengo wekufamba, kwete zvese. zviri nyore!
Ngatitarisei pakuverenga kutanga mari yekufambisa zvinhu kubva pasero yevanopa kuenda kusero remudziyo. Chokutanga pane zvose, zvakakosha kusarudza muzvikamu zvipi zvekuyera isu tichaverenga mari yekufambisa. Idzo mbiri dzinonyanya kuoneka sarudzo mita nemasekonzi. Hazvina musoro kuverenga mari yekufambisa mumamita "akachena". Ngatiratidzei izvi nemuenzaniso. Rega sero iri padanho rekutanga, sero yakabviswa nemamita makumi matatu uye iri pachikamu chechipiri:
- Kusimuka kubva Π² zvinodhura pane kubva Π² , sezvo kuburuka kubva pachikamu chechipiri (1,5-2 mamita kubva pasi) zviri nyore pane kukwira kune yechipiri, kunyange zvazvo kureba kuchave kwakafanana;
- Fambisa 1 pc. zvinhu kubva muchitokisi Π² Zvichava nyore pane kufambisa zvidimbu gumi. chigadzirwa chimwe chete, kunyange chinhambwe chinenge chakafanana.
Zviri nani kufunga nezvekufambisa mari mumasekonzi, sezvo izvi zvinokutendera iwe kufunga nezve mutsauko mumatiyeti uye mutsauko wehuwandu hwezvinhu zvinofambiswa. Kuzvidavirira mutengo wekufamba mumasekonzi, isu tinofanirwa kukanganisa kushanda kwekufamba muzvikamu zvekutanga uye kutora zviyero zvenguva yekuitwa kwechimwe nechimwe chikamu chekutanga.
Regai kubva muchitokisi kufamba PC. zvinhu mumudziyo ... Ngazvive saizvozvo - avhareji yekumhanyisa kwekufamba kwemushandi mudura, kuyerwa mum/sec. Regai ΠΈ -avhareji yekumhanya kweavhareji yenguva-yekushanda inotora uye kuisa, zvichiteerana, yehuwandu hwezvinhu zvakaenzana ne4 dm3 (yevhareji vhoriyamu iyo mushandi anotora pane imwe nguva mudura paanenge achiita mashandiro). Regai ΠΈ kureba kwemasero kubva kunotora uye kuisa mabasa anoitwa, zvichiteerana. Semuyenzaniso, avhareji kureba kwekutanga tier (pasi) 1 m, yechipiri tier - 2 m, nezvimwewo. Ipapo iyo formula yekuverenga iyo yakazara nguva yekupedzisa kufambisa basa ndeye Inotevera:
Tafura 2 inoratidza huwandu hwenguva yekuuraya yega yega yekutanga kushanda, inounganidzwa nevashandi vekuchengetera zvinhu, vachifunga nezve izvo zvakachengetwa zvinhu.
| zita rekushanda | Kudomwa | Kureva |
|---|---|---|
| Avhareji yekumhanya yemushandi ari kufamba achitenderedza dura | |
1,5 m/s |
| Avhareji yekumhanya kweimwe oparesheni yekuisa (yechigadzirwa vhoriyamu ye4 dm3) | |
2,4 sec |
Tafura 2. Avhareji yenguva yekupedzisa mabasa ekuchengetera zvinhu
Takasarudza nzira yekuverenga mari yekufambisa. Iye zvino tinofanira kufunga kuti tingaverenga sei mari yekusarudza sero yemudziyo. Zvese zviri pano zvakawanda, zvakanyanya kuomarara kupfuura nemitengo yekufambisa, nekuti:
- chekutanga, mari dzinofanirwa kuenderana zvakananga nehuwandu hwesero - iyo yakafanana vhoriyamu yezvisaririra inotamiswa kubva kune vanopa maseru inoiswa zvirinani mumudziyo wevhoriyamu diki pane mugaba hombe, chero vhoriyamu yakadaro inokodzera zvakakwana mumidziyo miviri . Nokudaro, nekuderedza mari yose yekusarudza midziyo, tinoedza kuchengetedza "zvishoma" mahara ekuchengetedza nzvimbo munzvimbo yekusarudza kuita mabasa anotevera ekuisa zvinhu mumasero. Mufananidzo 4 unoratidza sarudzo dzekuendesa zvisaririra mumidziyo mikuru nemadiki uye mhedzisiro yeidzi sarudzo dzekufambisa mumabasa anotevera ekuchengetera zvinhu.
- chechipiri, sezvo mukugadzirisa dambudziko rekutanga isu tinofanirwa kudzikisa chaizvo mutengo wakazara, uye iyi ndiyo nhamba yezvose mutengo wekufambisa uye mutengo wekusarudza midziyo, saka maseru mavhoriyamu mumacubic metres anofanirwa kuve neimwe nzira yakabatana nemasekondi, izvo zviri kure nenhando.
Mupunga. 4. Sarudzo dzekufambisa zvakasara mumidziyo yemhando dzakasiyana.
Mufananidzo 4 unoratidza mutsvuku huwandu hwezvakasara izvo zvisisakwane mugaba padanho rechipiri rekuisa zvinhu zvinotevera.
Izvo zvichabatsira kubatanidza cubic metres yemitengo yekusarudza mudziyo nemasekonzi emitengo yekufambisa zvinotevera zvinodiwa kune akaverengerwa mhinduro kudambudziko:
- Izvo zvinodikanwa kuti masaramusi kubva kubhini revanopa aendeswe kubhini remukati mune chero mamiriro ezvinhu kana izvi zvichideredza huwandu hwese hwemabhini emidziyo ane chigadzirwa.
- Izvo zvinodikanwa kuchengetedza kuenzana pakati pehuwandu hwemidziyo uye nguva inoshandiswa pakufamba: semuenzaniso, kana mune mhinduro nyowani kune dambudziko kana ichienzaniswa neyakagadziriswa mhinduro, iyo inowanikwa muvhoriyamu yakakura, asi kurasikirwa nenguva kudiki. , saka zvakakosha kusarudza sarudzo itsva.
Ngatitangei nechinodikanwa chekupedzisira. Kuti tijekese izwi risinganzwisisike rekuti "chiyero," takaita ongororo yevashandi vekuchengetera zvinhu kuti tizive zvinotevera. Ngakuve nemudziyo sero yehuwandu , iyo iyo kufamba kwezvinhu zvakasara kubva kune vanopa masero kunogoverwa uye nguva yose yekufamba kwakadaro yakaenzana . Ngakuve nesarudzo dzinoverengeka dzekuisa huwandu hwakafanana hwezvinhu kubva kumasero evanopa mamwe mune mamwe midziyo, uko kuiswa kwega kwega kune fungidziro yayo. kupi < ΠΈ kupi >.
Mubvunzo unobvunzwa: chii chinowanikwa zvishoma muhuwandu zvinogamuchirwa, kune imwe nguva yekurasikirwa kukosha ? Ngatitsanangure nemuenzaniso. Pakutanga, zvakasara zvaifanirwa kuiswa mumudziyo une vhoriyamu ye1000 dm3 (1 m3) uye nguva yekuchinjisa yaive masekonzi makumi manomwe. Pane sarudzo yekuisa zvakasara mune imwe mudziyo ine vhoriyamu ye70 dm500 uye nguva yemasekonzi zana nemakumi matatu. Mubvunzo: takagadzirira here kushandisa mamwe masekonzi makumi matanhatu enguva yemuchengeti pakufambisa zvinhu kuitira kuchengetedza mazana mashanu dm3 evhoriyamu yemahara? Kubva pamigumisiro yeongororo yevashandi vekuchengetera zvinhu, mufananidzo unotevera wakagadzirwa.
Mupunga. 5. Dhiagiramu yekutsamira kweiyo shoma inobvumirwa vhoriyamu kuchengetedza pakuwedzera kwemutsauko munguva yekushanda.
Ndokunge, kana iyo yekuwedzera nguva mari iri 40 masekonzi, saka isu takagadzirira kuashandisa chete kana iyo inowanikwa muvhoriyamu inenge 500 dm3. Zvisinei nekuti pane kushomeka kusiri mutsetse mukutsamira, kuitira kureruka kwekuwedzera kuverenga isu tichafunga kuti kutsamira pakati pehuwandu kune mutsara uye kunotsanangurwa nekusaenzana.
Mumufananidzo uri pasi apa, tinotarisa nzira dzinotevera dzekuisa zvinhu mumidziyo.
Mupunga. 6. Sarudzo (a): 2 midziyo, yakazara vhoriyamu 400 dm3, yakazara nguva 150 sec.
Mupunga. 6. Sarudzo (b): 2 midziyo, yakazara vhoriyamu 600 dm3, yakazara nguva 190 sec.
Mupunga. 6. Sarudzo (c): 1 mudziyo, huwandu hwehuwandu hwe400 dm3, nguva yose 200 sec.
Sarudzo (a) yekusarudza midziyo inodiwa pane yekutanga sarudzo, sezvo kusaenzana kunobata: (800-400)/10>=150-120, zvinoreva 40>= 30. Sarudzo (b) ishoma pane yekutanga sarudzo , sezvo kusaenzana kusingabatanidzi: (800-600)/10>=190-150 zvichireva 20 >= 40. Asi sarudzo (c) haikodzeri mukufunga kwakadaro! Ngatitarisei sarudzo iyi zvakadzama. Kune rumwe rutivi, kusaenzana (800-400) / 10> = 200-120, izvo zvinoreva kusaenzana 40> = 80 hazvigutsikane, izvo zvinoratidza kuti kuwana muhuwandu hakukodzeri kurasikirwa kukuru kwakadaro munguva.
Asi kune rumwe rutivi, mune iyi sarudzo (c) isu hatisi kungoderedza huwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu, asi zvakare kuderedza nhamba yemasero akabatwa, iyo ndiyo yekutanga yezviviri zvakakosha zvinodiwa zvekugadzirisa matambudziko akanyorwa pamusoro apa. Zviripachena, kuitira kuti ichi chinodiwa chitange kuzadzikiswa, zvinodikanwa kuwedzera imwe yakanaka nguva dzose kuruboshwe rwekusaenzana. , uye nguva dzose yakadaro inoda kuwedzerwa chete kana nhamba yemidziyo yakaderera. Ngatikuyeuchidzei izvozvo inoshanduka yakaenzana ne1 kana mudziyo yakasarudzwa, uye 0 kana mudziyo isina kusarudzwa. Ngatiratidzei - midziyo yakawanda mune yekutanga mhinduro uye - midziyo yakawanda mune mhinduro itsva. Kazhinji, kusaenzana kutsva kuchaita seizvi:
Kushandura kusaenzana kuri pamusoro, tinowana
Kubva pane izvi, isu tine fomula yekuverenga iyo yakazara mutengo imwe mhinduro kudambudziko:
Asi zvino mubvunzo unomuka: kukosha kwei kunofanirwa kuve nekugara kwakadaro? ? Sezviri pachena, kukosha kwayo kunofanira kunge kwakakura zvakakwana kuitira kuti chinodiwa chekutanga chekugadzirisa dambudziko chigare chasangana. Iwe unogona, zvechokwadi, kutora kukosha kwekugara kwakaenzana ne103 kana 106, asi ndinoda kudzivisa "nhamba dzemashiripiti" dzakadaro. Kana tikafunga nezve chaiwo ekuita mashandiro eimba yekuchengetera zvinhu, tinogona kuverenga akati wandei-akavakirwa manhamba fungidziro yekukosha kweiyo nguva dzose.
Rega - kureba kureba pakati pemaseru ekuchengetera eimwe zone ABC, yakaenzana kwatiri kusvika 100 m. - iyo yakakura vhoriyamu yemudziyo sero muimba yekuchengetera, yakaenzana nesu kune 1000 dm3.
Nzira yekutanga yekuverenga kukosha . Ngationei mamiriro ezvinhu apo pane midziyo ye 2 pachikamu chekutanga, umo zvinhu zvinenge zvatove nemuviri, kureva kuti ivo pachavo ivo masero evanopa, uye mari yekufambisa zvinhu kune mamwe masero inowanzoitika yakaenzana ne0. zvinodiwa kuti uwane kukosha kwakadaro kune nguva dzose , umo zvingava zvakanakira kugara uchifambisa zvakasara kubva mumudziyo 1 kuenda kumudziyo 2. Kutsiva kukosha ΠΈ Mukusaenzana kwakapihwa pamusoro tinowana:
kubva kwazvinotevera
Kutsiva kukosha kweavhareji yenguva yekuita mabasa ekutanga mune fomula iri pamusoro atinowana
Nzira yechipiri yekuverenga kukosha . Ngatirangarirei mamiriro ezvinhu apo aripo donor cells kubva kwazvakarongwa kutamisa zvinhu mumudziyo 1. Ngatiratidzei - chinhambwe kubva kudonor cell kumudziyo 1. Kune zvakare mudziyo 2, uyo wagara une zvinhu, uye huwandu hwayo hunokubvumira kuti utore zvimwe zvese zvasara. masero. Kuti zvive nyore, isu tichafunga kuti huwandu hwezvinhu zvinofambiswa kubva kune vanopa maseru kuenda kumidziyo yakafanana uye yakaenzana . Zvinodiwa kuti uwane kukosha kwakadaro kwekugara , umo kuiswa kwezvose zvakasara kubva maseru mumudziyo 2 aigara achibatsira pane kuaisa mumidziyo yakasiyana:
Kushandura kusaenzana kwatinowana
Kuti "kusimbisa" kukosha kwehuwandu , ngatitorei kuti = 0. Avhareji yenhamba yemasero anowanzo kubatanidzwa mukuita kwekudzvanya mabharari emudura ndeye 10. Kutsiva zvinozivikanwa kukosha kwehuwandu, isu tine kukosha kunotevera kweiyo nguva dzose.
Isu tinotora kukosha kukuru kwakaverengerwa kune yega yega sarudzo, iyi ichava kukosha kwehuwandu kune yakapihwa dura paramita. Iye zvino, kuti tive nekukwana, ngatinyorei pasi fomula yekuverenga mutengo wakakwana kune imwe mhinduro inogoneka :
Zvino, shure kwezvose titanic kuedza Nekushandura data rekuisa, tinogona kutaura kuti data rese rekuisa rakashandurwa kuita fomu rinodiwa uye rakagadzirira kushandiswa mune optimization algorithm.
mhedziso
Sezvinoratidzwa nemaitiro, kuoma uye kukosha kwedanho rekugadzirira uye kushandura data rekuisa yealgorithm inowanzo tarisirwa pasi. Muchinyorwa chino, isu takanyatso kutarisisa zvakanyanya kune ino nhanho kuitira kuratidza kuti chete yepamusoro-yemhando yepamusoro uye nehungwaru yakagadzirirwa data data inogona kuita sarudzo dzakaverengerwa negorgorithm yakakosha kumutengi. Ehe, pakanga paine zvakawanda zvakatorwa zvemafomula, asi isu takakuyambirai kunyangwe kata isati :)
Muchinyorwa chinotevera tichazopedzisira tasvika kune izvo 2 zvakapfuura zvinyorwa zvakagadzirirwa - discrete optimization algorithm.
Akagadzirira chinyorwa
Roman Shangin, mugadziri wedhipatimendi reprojekiti,
First Bit kambani, Chelyabinsk
Source: www.habr.com