Maneja wekambani yekusimudzira mabhiri ane nzira mbiri dzekuvaka timu. Chekutanga ndechekutsvaga "vakuru" vakagadzirira uye vachiramba vachigadzira mamiriro ekushanda akadaro kuitira kuti vashandise hunyanzvi hwavo uye ruzivo rwepamusoro, kusimudzira uye panguva imwe chete usapinda mukurwa. Chechipiri ndechekugadzira timu kubva musanganiswa wevatsva, mids uye pros, kuitira kuti vataurirane, vafurirane, vadzidze uye vakure mukati mekambani. Ini ndinopesana nedenderedzwa rakashata re "hapana chiitiko - hapana basa - hapana ruzivo" uye ini handioni dambudziko pakuhaya anovandudza. Forward Telecom yagara iine chirongwa che internship, chave chitubu chebasa kune vakawanda vashandi varipo.
Zvino ini ndichakuudza kuti ini ndinoona sei nzira yekuvandudza yeanobhadharisa mugadziri, uye munhevedzano ipi yaunoda kugona hunyanzvi hunyanzvi.
1. Dzidza mutauro wepurogiramu
Kutanga, chero munhu. Chinonyanya kukosha iJava, Python uye JavaScript, asi Ruby, Go, C, C ++ akakodzera kuwana ruzivo rwekutanga. Nzira yekudzidzisa sei? Tora makosi akabhadharwa uye emahara; Ini ndinogona kukurudzira kudzidziswa kubva kuGolang. Kana chikamu chako cheChirungu chichibvumira, kuona mavhidhiyo ekunze hunyanzvi hwekuwedzera.
2. Nzwisisa Os concepts
Masisitimu ekushanda akavakirwa pane zvinomwe zvikamu zvaunoda kuziva uye kugona kutsanangura musimboti wekushanda:
- Maitiro ekutungamirira;
- Threads uye multithreaded code;
- Socket (software interface);
- I/O kutumira;
- Virtualization;
- Storage;
- Mafaira masisitimu.
Ini ndinokurudzira kutora yakakosha Linux manejimendi kosi. Yechipiri masisitimu anoshanda mumutsara ndeye Windows uye Unix.
3. Jaira kuchiteshi
Nekufananidza neiyo phobia yepepa risina chinhu, kune phobia yeisina dema chena skrini ine inopenya cursor. Iwe unozofanirwa kuikunda kuti udzidze kunyora zvakanaka mirairo pamutsara wekuraira.
Unofanira kuziva:
- Bash uye KornShell shells;
- Mirairo tsvaga, grep, awk, sed, lsof;
- Network inoraira nslookup uye netstat.
4. Network uye kuchengeteka
Kubhadhara kwakabatana zvakanyanya netiweki uye kuchengetedza data. Iwe haugone kunyora masevhisi epamhepo usinganzwisise kuti network inoshanda sei, saka iwe unofanirwa kudzidza iwo ekutanga pfungwa uye mapuroteni: DNS, OSI modhi, HTTP, HTTPS, FTP, SSL, TLS. Zvino, kana iwe ukasangana neKubatana Kwarambwa kukanganisa, iwe unozoziva zvekuita.
5. Maseva
Mushure mekudzidza misimboti yekufambiswa kwemashoko panetiweki, unogona kutanga izvo zvekutanga zvekushanda kweseva. Tanga nemaseva ewebhu: IIS, Apache, Nginx, Caddy uye Tomcat.
Zvinotevera pane rondedzero:
- Reverse proxy;
- Anonymous proxy;
- Caching;
- Load balancing;
- Firewall.
6. Dzidza zvivakwa sekodhi
Ndinotenda kuti nhanho iyi ndeimwe yeakakosha. Iwe unozofanirwa kunzwisisa misoro mitatu yakafara:
- Containers: Docker uye Kubernetes
- Maturusi ekugadzirisa maturusi: Ansible, Chef, Munyu uye Chipopi
- Backup: Terraform, makore.
7. Dzidza CI / CD
Humwe hunyanzvi hunobatsira kumugadziri wezvekubhadharisa kugona kuseta pombi yekuenderera mberi yekubatanidza uye kutumira. Munharaunda yeCI/CD pane zvishandiso zvakaita seJenkins, TeamCity, Drone, Circle CI nevamwe. Spoiler: kudzidza iyo yakawanda inoshandiswa Jenkins ichave yakakwana pakutanga.
8. Software uye kutonga kwezvivako
Chinangwa chikuru ndechekunzwisisa izvo zvekutanga zvekutarisa application. Zvishandiso munzvimbo iyi zvakakamurwa kuita mapoka matatu:
- Infrastructure monitoring: Nagios, Icinga, Datadog, Zabbix, Monit.
- Kutariswa kwekuita kwekushandisa: AppDynanic, Nyowani Relic.
- LMS: ELK Stack, Graylog, Splunk, Papertrail.
9. Cloud services
Munguva pfupi iri kutevera, yega yega application kana software ichange iine wegore. Nenguva isipi, vanogadzira vanosangana negore, saka verenga pamusoro pevanopa makore vane mukurumbira (AWS, Google Cloud, uye Azure) uye izvo zvekutanga zvetekinoroji.
10. Kushanda nedatabase
Ese mapurojekiti azvino anoshandisa dhatabhesi, uye ruzivo neDBMS neSQL zvinozoita kuti zvive nyore kutanga. Dzidza kunyora mibvunzo yeSQL, shandisa tsanangura uye dzidza kuti index inoshanda sei. Nzira iri nyore ndeyekutora kosi. Iwe unogona zvakare kudzidzira yako Postgres zvinyorwa hunyanzvi uye kutamba nekudzokorora.
11. Kuvandudza unyanzvi hwako hwakapfava
Chinhu chisingatarisirwi chiri kunze-che-che-nguva, asi kwete chakakosha. Kutanga, iva nemoyo murefu. Iwe unokurumidza kujaira mamiriro akaita se "gadzirisa simbi yako, iwe uri programmer," asi iwe unofanirwa kuve wakagadzirira mupfungwa nguva dzekupedzisira dzekutanga mapurojekiti matsva. Kana iwe uchibva ku zero kusvika pagore muchirongwa uye uchionekwa seJunior, gadzirira kushoropodzwa uye dzidza kuzvigamuchira, kuongororwa kwekodhi nemuperekedzi kazhinji inzira inorwadza. Asi panguva imwecheteyo, hunyanzvi hunosungirwa kugona kudzivirira maonero emunhu uye kukakavara zvinovaka; dzimwe nguva chokwadi chinozvarwa mukupokana. Vagadziri havambomira kudzidza, hapana kana sirin'i muhunyanzvi, saka kugona kudzidza uye DESIRE yekudzidza zvinhu zvitsva ndiyo hwaro hwebudiriro yako.
Ndinowanzobvunzwa kana munhu anotanga asvika pakati, uye paanogona kudada achidaidzwa kuti "mukuru". Ndinotenda kuti nguva yekuchinja kubva kune imwe nhanho kuenda kune imwe nhanho haina kutariswa nehuwandu hwemakore akashandiswa, kunyangwe hunyanzvi hunoshanda ndicho chinhu chakakosha. Ihwo hunyanzvi hwakapfava hunowanzo tarisa kumhanya kwekukura kwemugadziri: akadzidziswa uye anoshanda nesimba anotanga anogona kunyora emhando yepamusoro kodhi mumitauro yakati wandei uye anokwanisa kushanda muchikwata mumwedzi mishoma. Mugadziri ane makore gumi echiitiko anogona kutadza kugadzirisa zvisina mwero matambudziko, kutonga timu, uye kuve neadivi hunyanzvi.
Aya ndiwo maonero andinoita nzira yekusimudzira yekuvandudza mabhiri, aya ndiwo matangiro atinoita nyanzvi dzinokwanisa muchikwata chedu cheForward Telecom. Hapana chinoratidzika kunge chiri kushaikwa, asi ndinogara ndichitenda nekuwedzera kunobatsira kune iyo pfungwa.
Source: www.habr.com