GNU Guix 1.0 package maneja uye GuixSD yakavakirwa kugovera iripo

zvakaitika package maneja kuburitswa GNU Guix 1.0 uye kugoverwa kweGuixSD GNU/Linux kwakavakirwa pahwaro hwayo (Guix System Distribution). Shanduko yakakosha munhamba yeshanduro inokonzerwa nekupedzwa kwese kuita zvinangwa, yakaunzwa kuti igadzire kuburitswa kwakakosha. Kuburitswa kwacho kwakapfupisa makore manomwe ebasa purojekiti uye yakanzi yakagadzirira kushandiswa kwemazuva ese. Zvekurodha akaumbwa mifananidzo yekuisa pa USB Flash (243 MB) uye shandisa mu virtualization system (474MB). Inotsigira kushanda pai686, x86_64, armv7 uye aarch64 zvivakwa.

Kugovera kunobvumira kuiswa se yakamira OS mune virtualization systems, mumidziyo uye pane zvakajairika midziyo, uye kuvhura mune yakatoiswa GNU/Linux kugovera, ichiita sepuratifomu yekuendesa application. Mushandisi anopihwa mabasa akadai sekurangarira kutsamira, kudzokororwa kuvaka, kushanda pasina mudzi, kutenderedza kumashure kune dzakapfuura shanduro kana paine matambudziko, manejimendi manejimendi, cloning nharaunda (kugadzira iyo chaiyo kopi yesoftware nharaunda pane mamwe makomputa), nezvimwe. .

chikuru zvitsva:

• Yakawedzerwa itsva interactive installer, kushanda mumutauro wemavara;
  

• Prepared mufananidzo mutsva wemashini chaiwo, akakodzera zvese zvekujairana nekugovera uye nekugadzira nzvimbo dzekushanda dzekusimudzira;
• Yakawedzera itsva system masevhisi makapu-pk-mubatsiri, imap4d, inputattach, localed, nslcd, zabbix-agent uye zabbix-server;
• Shanduro dzechirongwa mumapakeji e2104 dzakagadziridzwa, 1102 mapakeji matsva akawedzerwa. Kusanganisira shanduro dzakagadziridzwa dze clojure 1.10.0, makapu 2.2.11, emacs 26.2, gcc 8.3.0, gdb 8.2.1, ghc 8.4.3,
  gimp 2.10.10, glibc 2.28, gnome 3.28.2, gnupg 2.2.15, enda 1.12.1,
  hunyengeri 2.2.4, icecat 60.6.1-guix1, icedtea 3.7.0, inkscape 0.92.4,
  libreoffice 6.1.5.2, linux-free 5.0.10, shamwari 1.22.0, ocaml 4.07.1,
  octave 5.1.0, openjdk 11.28, python 3.7.0, ngura 1.34.0, r 3.6.0,
  sbcl 1.5.1, mufudzi 0.6.0, xfce 4.12.1 uye xorg-server 1.20.4;

• GNU Shepherd Service Manager yakagadziridzwa kune vhezheni 0.6, iyo inoshandisa iyo-shot-shot service operating mode, umo sevhisi inomakwa yakamira pakarepo mushure mekutanga kunobudirira, iyo inogona kudiwa kutanga mabasa enguva imwe chete pamberi pemamwe masevhisi, semuenzaniso, kuita kuchenesa kana kutanga;
• Kune iyo "guix package" yekuraira, ariases "isa", "bvisa", "kusimudzira" uye "tsvaga" yakafanana yevamwe mamaneja emapaketi akawedzerwa. Kutsvaga pasuru unogona kushandisa murairo "guix search", kuisa "guix install", uye kugadzirisa "guix pull" uye "guix upgrade";
• Chiratidzo chekufambira mberi kwekushanda uye kuratidzwa kwemavara kwemameseji ekuongorora kwakawedzerwa kune maneja wepakeji. Nekumisikidza, mirairo mizhinji ikozvino inomhanya isina yakadzama skrini yekubuda, iyo inogoneswa neyakasiyana "-v" (--verbosity) sarudzo;
• Murairo mutsva "guix system delete-generations" uye sarudzo "guix pack -save-provenance", "guix pull -news", "guix environment -preserve", "guix gc -list-roots", "guix" yakawedzerwa. kune guix package maneja gc -delete-generations", "guix weather -coverage";
• Zvitsva zvingasarudzwa zvakawedzerwa pasuru kutendeuka "--ne-git-url" uye "-ne-bazi";
• Kugadzirisa minda "keyboard-layout" yekutsanangura iyo keyboard marongerwo, "xorg-configuration" yekugadzirisa X server, "label" yechikamu chechikamu uye "zvakakosha-masevhisi" ekutsanangura masevhisi makuru akawedzerwa pakugovera;
• Yakawedzera "guix pack -RR" murairo wekugadzira tar archives ezvinogoneka zvinofambiswa zvinogona kumhanya zvine hukama nemakwara ari munzvimbo yezita remushandisi kana hama nePRoot;
• "guix pull" inopa kuumbwa kwepakeji cache kuti ikurumidze kutsvaga nemazita uye inopa kuisirwa kwe "glibc-utf8-locales" package;
• Kudzokororwa kwakazara (bit for bit) ye ISO mifananidzo inogadzirwa ne "guix system" murairo inovimbiswa;
• GDM inoshandiswa semaneja wekupinda pane SLiM;
• Tsigiro yekuvaka Guix uchishandisa Guile 2.0 yakamiswa.

Rega tikuyeuchidze kuti iyo GNU Guix package maneja yakavakirwa pane zviri kuitika zvepurojekiti nix uye nekuwedzera kune akajairika mapeji manejimendi mabasa, inotsigira maficha akadai sekuita transactional updates, kugona kudzoreredza zvigadziriso, kushanda pasina kuwana superuser ropafadzo, kutsigirwa kwemaprofile akasungirirwa kune mumwe nemumwe vashandisi, kugona kuisa panguva imwe chete akati wandei mavhezheni echirongwa chimwe, maturusi ekuunganidza marara (kuratidza uye kubvisa shanduro dzisina kushandiswa dzepakeji). Kutsanangura mamiriro ekuvaka ekushandisa uye mitemo yekugadzira mapakeji, zvinokurudzirwa kushandisa yakasarudzika-yepamusoro-danho-yakananga mutauro uye Guile Scheme API zvikamu, izvo zvinokutendera iwe kuita ese epakeji manejimendi mashandiro muunoshanda programming mutauro Scheme.

Inotsigira kugona kushandisa mapakeji akagadzirirwa iyo Nix package maneja uye akaiswa mune repository
Nixpkgs. Pamusoro pekushanda nemapakeji, zvinokwanisika kugadzira zvinyorwa zvekugadzirisa zvigadziriso zvekushandisa. Kana pasuru yavakwa, zvese zvinoenderana nazvo zvinotorwa otomatiki uye kuvakwa. Zvinogoneka kurodha akagadzirira-akagadzirwa mabhinari mapakeji kubva kune repository kana kuvaka kubva kuzvinyorwa zvinyorwa zvine zvese zvinotsamira. Zvishandiso zvakashandiswa kuchengetedza shanduro dzemapurogiramu akaiswa kusvika parizvino nekuronga kuisirwa kwezvigadziriso kubva kune yekunze repository.

Iyo yekuvaka nharaunda yemapakeji inoumbwa muchimiro chemudziyo une zvese zvinodiwa kuti application ishande, iyo inokutendera iwe kugadzira seti yemapakeji anogona kushanda pasina hanya nekuumbwa kweiyo base system nharaunda yekugovera, umo Guix inoshandiswa sekuwedzera. Dependences inogona kutariswa pakati peGuix mapakeji nekuongorora identifier hashes mune yakaiswa mapakeji dhairekitori kuti uwane kuvepo kweakatoiswa anotsamira. Mapakeji akaiswa mune yakaparadzana dhairekitori muti kana dhairekitori mune dhairekitori remushandisi, ichibvumira kuti igare pamwe chete nemamwe mamaneja epasuru uye inopa rutsigiro rwekusiyana kwakasiyana kugovera kwagara. Semuyenzaniso, pasuru yacho inoiswa se /nix/store/f42d5878f3a0b426064a2b64a0c6f92-firefox-66.0.0/, uko "f42d58..." ndiyo yakasarudzika pasuru identifier inoshandiswa kutarisisa kutsamira.

Kugovera kunosanganisira chete zvikamu zvemahara uye kunouya neGNU Linux-Libre kernel, yakacheneswa yezvinhu zvisiri zvemahara zvebinari firmware. GCC 8.3 inoshandiswa pakuungana. Maneja webasa anoshandiswa senzira yekutanga GNU Mufudzi (yekare dmd), yakagadziridzwa seimwe nzira yeSysV-init nerutsigiro rwekutsamira. Iyo Shepherd control daemon uye zvishandiso zvakanyorwa muGuile (imwe yekushandiswa kweScheme mutauro), iyo inoshandiswawo kutsanangura maparamita ekutanga masevhisi. Iyo base image inotsigira console mode, asi yekuisa yakagadzirirwa 9714 akagadzirira-akagadzirwa mapakeji, kusanganisira zvikamu zvegirafu stack yakavakirwa paX.Org, iyo dwm uye ratpoison mahwindo mamaneja, iyo Xfce desktop, pamwe nesarudzo yegraphical application.

Source: opennet.ru