Munyaya yapfuura takataura nezvazvo . Nhasi tafunga kutarisa nezveFictionBook2 fomati, inozivikanwa zviri nani seFB2, uye βmutsiviβ wayo FB3.
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Kuonekwa kwechimiro
Pakati pe-90s, vanofarira dhijita mabhuku eSoviet. Vakashandura uye vakachengeta mabhuku mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana. Imwe yemaraibhurari ekutanga muRunet - - akashandisa akafomatidzwa mavara faira (TXT).
Sarudzo yakaitwa mukufarira kwayo nekuda kwekupokana kwayo neiyo byte huwori uye kuita kwakasiyana-siyana - TXT inovhura pane chero inoshanda sisitimu. Zvisinei, iye kugadziridzwa kwemashoko ezvinyorwa zvakachengetwa. Semuenzaniso, kuti tiende kumutsara wechiuru, mitsetse 999 inoutangira yaifanira kugadziriswa. Mabhuku zvakare mumagwaro eShoko uye PDF - iyo yekupedzisira yakanga yakaoma kushandura kune mamwe mafomati, uye makomputa asina simba akavhurwa uye Mapepa ePDF ane kunonoka.
HTML yakashandiswawo "kuchengetedza" mabhuku emagetsi. Yakaita kuti indexing, shanduko kune mamwe mafomati, uye kugadzira zvinyorwa (tagging text) kuve nyore, asi yakaunza zvikanganiso zvayo. Imwe yedzakanyanya kukosha yaive "Β»yakajairwa: yakabvumira mamwe rusununguko kana uchinyora ma tag. Mamwe acho aifanira kuvharwa, mamwe (semuenzaniso, ) - pakanga pasina chikonzero chekuvhara. Iwo ma tag pachawo anogona kuve nechero hurongwa hwekugara.
Uye kunyangwe basa rakadaro nemafaira harina kukurudzirwa - magwaro akadaro aionekwa seasina kururama - chiyero chaidiwa kuti vaverengi vaedze kuratidza zvirimo. Apa ndipo pakamuka matambudziko, sezvo muchikumbiro chega chega nzira ye "kufungidzira" yakaitwa nenzira yayo. Panguva imwecheteyo, zvishandiso zvekuverenga uye zvikumbiro zviripo pamusika panguva iyoyo imwe kana maviri akasarudzika mafomati. Kana bhuku raiwanika mumutauro mumwe chete, raifanira kuchinjwa kuti riverengeke. Yakanga yakarongedzerwa kugadzirisa kukanganisa kwese uku , kana kuti FB2, iyo yakatora βkusanganiswaβ kwokutanga kwechinyorwa nokushandurwa.
Ziva kuti iyo fomati yaive neyayo yekutanga vhezheni - - zvisinei, yaingove yekuedza muzvisikwa, haina kugara kwenguva refu, parizvino haina kutsigirwa uye haina kudzokera kumashure inoenderana. Naizvozvo, FictionBook inowanzoreva "mutsivi" wayo - iyo FB2 fomati.
FB2 yakagadzirwa neboka revagadziri rinotungamirwa na , uyo ari mutungamiriri wehunyanzvi wekambani yemalita, uye Mikhail Matsnev, mugadziri weHaali Reader. Iyo fomati yakavakirwa paXML, iyo inoronga basa nematagi asina kuvharwa uye nested zvakanyanya kupfuura HTML. Gwaro reXML rinoperekedzwa neinonzi XML Schema. Iyo XML schema ifaira rakakosha rine ese ma tag uye rinotsanangura mitemo yekushandiswa kwavo (kutevedzana, nesting, inosungirwa uye sarudzo, nezvimwewo). MuFictionBook, dhayagiramu iri mufaira reFictionBook2.xsd. Muenzaniso XML schema inogona kuwanikwa pa (inoshandiswa ne litres e-book store).
FB2 gwaro chimiro
Runyoro mugwaro mumatagi akakosha - zvinhu zvemhando dzendima: , Uye . Panewo chinhu , iyo isina zvinyorwa uye inoshandiswa kuisa mapeji.
Mapepa ese anotanga nemudzi weti , pazasi panogona kuoneka , , Uye .
Tag ine masitayera mapepa ekufambisa kushandurudza kune mamwe mafomati. IN nhema encoded uchishandisa data inogona kudiwa kupa gwaro.
Element ine ruzivo rwese rwunodiwa nezve bhuku: rudzi rwebasa, runyorwa rwevanyori (zita rizere, email kero uye webhusaiti), zita, vhara nemazwi akakosha, chirevo. Inogonawo kunge iine ruzivo pamusoro pekuchinja kwakaitwa kugwaro uye ruzivo pamusoro pemuparidzi webhuku kana rakadhindwa papepa.
Izvi ndizvo zvinoita chikamu che block muFictionBook yekupinda ye "Chidzidzo muScarlet" naArthur Conan Doyle, akatorwa kubva :
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1"?>
<FictionBook
>
<description>
<title-info>
<genre match="100">detective</genre>
<author>
<first-name>Arthur</first-name>
<middle-name>Conan</middle-name>
<last-name>Doyle</last-name>
</author>
<book-title>A Study in Scarlet</book-title>
<annotation>
</annotation>
<date value="1887-01-01">1887</date>
</title-info>
</description>
Chinhu chakakosha chegwaro reFictionBook ndeye . Rine mashoko ebhuku racho pacharo. Panogona kuve akati wandei ematagi aya mugwaro rese - mamwe mabhuroki anoshandiswa kuchengetedza zvinyorwa zvepazasi, makomendi uye zvinyorwa.
FictionBook inopawo akati wandei ma tag ekushanda nema hyperlink. Dzinobva pane zvakatemwa , yakagadzirwa nemubatanidzwa kunyanya kugadzira zvinongedzo pakati pezviwanikwa zvakasiyana mumagwaro eXML.
Zvakanakira chimiro
Iyo FB2 yakajairwa inosanganisira chete mashoma anodiwa seti yemategi (inokwana ku "dhizaini" ngano), iyo inorerutsa magadzirirwo ayo nevaverengi. Uyezve, munyaya yekushanda kwakananga kwemuverengi neFB fomati, mushandisi ane mukana wekugadzirisa anenge ese maratidziro paramita.
Iyo yakasimba chimiro chegwaro inobvumidza iwe kuti uite otomatiki maitiro ekushandura kubva paFB fomati kuenda kune chero imwe. Chimiro chakafanana chinoita kuti zvikwanise kushanda nemunhu ega ega ezvinyorwa - kumisikidza mafirita nevanyori vebhuku, zita, genre, nezvimwe. Nechikonzero ichi, iyo FB2 fomati yakawana mukurumbira muRunet, ichiva iyo yakasarudzika chiyero mumaraibhurari emagetsi eRussia nemaraibhurari. munyika dzeCIS.
Kuipa kwechimiro
Kureruka kweiyo FB2 fomati ndiyo yakanakira nekuipira panguva imwe chete. Izvi zvinoganhura kushanda kwechimiro chemavara chakaoma (semuenzaniso, manotsi mumicheto). Iyo haina vector graphics kana tsigiro yenhamba rondedzero. Nokuda kweizvi, fomu yezvinyorwa, mabhuku ereferenzi uye tekinoroji zvinyorwa (zita refomati rinototaura nezve iri - bhuku rengano, kana "bhuku rekunyepedzera").
Panguva imwecheteyo, kuti uratidze ruzivo rudiki nezve bhuku - zita, munyori uye chivharo - chirongwa chinoda kugadzirisa rinenge rose XML gwaro. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti metadata inouya pakutanga kwechinyorwa uye mifananidzo inouya kumagumo.
FB3 - kuvandudza fomati
Nekuda kwekuwedzera kwezvinodiwa zvekufomatidza zvinyorwa zvebhuku (uye kuti kuderedze kumwe kukanganisa kweFB2), Gribov akatanga kushanda paFB3 fomati. Budiriro yakazomira, asi muna 2014 yaive .
Sekureva kwevanyori, vakadzidza zvinodikanwa chaizvo pakudhindisa zvinyorwa zvehunyanzvi, vakatarisa mabhuku ezvinyorwa, mabhuku ereferenzi, zvinyorwa uye vakatsanangura imwe seti chaiyo yematagi yaizobvumira chero bhuku kuti rionekwe.
Mune iyo nyowani nyowani, iyo FictionBook fomati ndeye zip archive umo metadata, mifananidzo uye zvinyorwa zvinochengetwa semafaira akasiyana. Zvinodikanwa zvezip faira fomati uye zvibvumirano zvesangano rayo zvinotsanangurwa muyero , iyo inotsanangura Vhura XML.
Magadzirirwo akati wandei akaitwa ane chekuita nefomati (spacing, underlining) uye chinhu chitsva chakawedzerwa - "block" - iyo inogadzira chidimbu chebhuku muchimiro che quadrangle uye inogona kunyudzwa mune zvinyorwa zvine wraparound. Ikozvino kwave nerutsigiro rwezvinyorwa zvine nhamba uye nemabulleted.
FB3 inogoverwa pasi perezinesi remahara uye yakavhurika sosi, saka zvese zvinoshandiswa zviripo kune vaparidzi nevashandisi: vashanduri, makore edhita, vaverengi. Current chimiro, ΠΈ inogona kuwanikwa mupurojekiti yeGitHub repository.
Kazhinji, FictionBook3 haisati yanyanya kupararira kupfuura mukoma wayo mukuru, asi maraibhurari akati wandei emagetsi anotopa mabhuku mune iyi fomati. Uye marita makore mashoma apfuura vakazivisa chinangwa chavo chekuendesa kabhuku yavo yese kune imwe fomati itsva. Vamwe vaverengi vanototsigira zvese zvinodiwa FB3 mashandiro. Semuenzaniso, ese mamodheru emazuvano evaverengi veONYX anogona kushanda neiyi fomati kunze kwebhokisi, semuenzaniso, kana .
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Kuparadzirwa kwakakura kweFictionBook3 kuchagadzira ecosystem kushanda zvakakwana uye zvinobudirira nemashoko pane chero chigadziro chine zvishoma zviwanikwa: dema-uye-chena kana diki kuratidza, yakaderera chiyeuchidzo, etc. Maererano nevagadziri, bhuku rakamboiswa richava nyore sezvinobvira mune chero mamiriro ezvinhu.
PS Isu tinokuunzira iwe akati wandei wongororo yeONYX BOOX vaverengi:
Source: www.habr.com