2001: A Hacker Odyssey

Zvivharo zviviri kumabvazuva kweWashington Square Park, Warren Weaver Building inomira seine hutsinye uye inomisa senhare. Dhipatimendi resainzi yekombuta yeNew York University riri pano. Iyo maindasitiri-maitiro ekufemesa mhepo inogadzira keteni rinoenderera remhepo inopisa rakatenderedza chivakwa, zvakaenzana kuodza moyo vanamuzvinabhizinesi vanomhanya-mhanya uye marofu anorara. Kana mushanyi achiri kukwanisa kukunda iyi mutsara wekudzivirira, anokwaziswa nechivharo chinotevera chinotyisa - dhesiki rekugamuchira pamukova wega wega.

Mushure mecheki-in counter, kuomarara kwemhepo kunodzikira zvishoma. Asi kunyangwe pano, mushanyi nguva nenguva anosangana nezvikwangwani zvinonyevera nezve njodzi yemagonhi asina kukiiwa uye akavharika mabudiro emoto. Vanoita sevanotiyeuchidza kuti hapazombovi nekuchengeteka uye kungwarira zvakanyanya kunyange munguva yakadzikama yakapera musi waSeptember 11, 2001.

Uye izvi zviratidzo zvinosiyana zvinosetsa nevateereri vachizadza horo yomukati. Vamwe vevanhu ava vanotaridzika chaizvo sevadzidzi vanobva kuYunivhesiti ine mukurumbira yeNew York. Asi vazhinji vavo vanotaridzika sevasina kugadzikana nguva dzose pamakonzati nemitambo yemakirabhu, sekunge vakapinda muchiedza panguva yekuzorora pakati pezviito. Mhomho iyi yemotley yakazadza chivako ichi nekukasira mangwanani ano zvekuti murindi wenzvimbo iyi akangosimudza ruoko rwake akagara pasi kuti atarise mutambo weRicki Lake paTV, achibata mapendekete ake nguva dzese vashanyi vasingatarisirwe vaiuya kwaari nemibvunzo nezveimwe “kutaura”.

Apinda muhoro, mushanyi anoona murume chaiye uyo asingazivi akatumira gadziriro ine simba yechivako ichityaira zvakanyanyisa. Uyu ndiRichard Matthew Stallman, muvambi weGNU Project, muvambi weFree Software Foundation, akahwina MacArthur Fellowship ye1990, akahwina Mubairo weGrace Murray Hopper wegore rimwe chetero, akagamuchira pamwe chete Mubairo weTakeda weEconomic and Social. Kuvandudza, uye ingori AI Lab hacker. Sezvakataurwa muchiziviso chakatumirwa kunzvimbo dzakawanda dzehacker, kusanganisira mukuru GNU project portal, Stallman akasvika muManhattan, kumusha kwake, kuzopa hurukuro yakamirirwa kwenguva refu mukupikisa mushandirapamwe weMicrosoft uchipokana nerezinesi reGNU GPL.

Hurukuro yaStallman yakanangana neyakapfuura uye ramangwana reyemahara software kufamba. Nzvimbo yacho haina kusarudzwa netsaona. Mwedzi wapfuura, mutevedzeri wemutungamiri weMicrosoft Craig Mundy akapinda padyo, paChikoro cheBhizinesi cheyunivhesiti imwe chete. Aizivikanwa nekutaura kwake, uko kwaisanganisira kurwiswa uye kupomera rezinesi reGNU GPL. Richard Stallman akagadzira rezinesi iri mushure meiyo Xerox laser printer makore gumi nematanhatu apfuura senzira yekurwisa marezinesi uye zvibvumirano zvakafukidza indasitiri yemakomputa muchidzitiro chisingapindike chekuvanzika uye hupfumi. Izvo zvakakosha zveGNU GPL ndezvekuti inogadzira chimiro cheruzhinji rwepfuma - yava kunzi "digital public domain" - vachishandisa simba remutemo rekodzero, izvo chaizvo zvazvinovavarira. GPL yakaita kuti chimiro chemuridzi ichi chisagadziriswe uye chisingachinjike — kodhi yakambogoverwa neveruzhinji haigone kutorwa kana kugovaniswa. Derivative works, kana vachishandisa GPL kodhi, inofanirwa kugara nhaka rezinesi iri. Nekuda kwechinhu ichi, vatsoropodzi veGNU GPL vanoidaidza kuti "viral", sekunge inoshanda kune yega purogiramu yainobata. .

“Kuenzaniswa neutachiona kwakanyanyisa,” anodaro Stallman, “kuenzanisa kuri nani zvikuru nemaruva: anopararira kana ukaadyara nokushingaira.”

Kana iwe uchida kudzidza zvakawanda nezve GPL rezinesi, shanya GNU purojekiti webhusaiti.

Kune hupfumi hwepamusoro-soro huri kuramba huchitsamira pasoftware uye hunowedzera kusungirirwa kune zviyero zvesoftware, iyo GPL yave tsvimbo huru chaiyo. Kunyangwe iwo makambani akambozviseka, achizvidaidza kuti "socialism yesoftware," akatanga kuona mabhenefiti erezinesi iri. Iyo Linux kernel, yakagadziridzwa nemudzidzi wekuFinnish Linus Torvalds muna 1991, inopihwa rezinesi pasi peGPL, sezvakawanda zvezvikamu zvehurongwa: GNU Emacs, GNU Debugger, GNU GCC, zvichingodaro. Pamwe chete, zvikamu izvi zvinoumba iyo yemahara GNU/Linux sisitimu yekushandisa, inogadzirwa uye ndeye nharaunda yepasirese. High-tech hofori senge IBM, Hewlett-Packard uye Oracle, panzvimbo yekuona iyo inogara ichikura yemahara software sekutyisidzira, shandisa iyo sehwaro hwekushandisa kwavo kwekutengesa uye masevhisi. .

Yemahara software yave zvakare chishandiso chavo chehunyanzvi muhondo yakarebesa neMicrosoft Corporation, iyo yakatonga musika wekombuta software kubva mukupera kwema80s. Iine inonyanya kufarirwa desktop inoshanda system-Windows-Microsoft inomira kutambura zvakanyanya kubva kuGPL muindasitiri. Yese purogiramu inosanganisirwa muWindows inodzivirirwa nekodzero uye EULA, iyo inoita kuti mafaera anoteedzeka uye sosi kodhi varidzi, kudzivirira vashandisi kubva pakuverenga kana kugadzirisa kodhi. Kana Microsoft ichida kushandisa GPL kodhi muhurongwa hwayo, ichafanirwa kudzosera iyo system yese pasi peGPL. Uye izvi zvichapa vakwikwidzi veMicrosoft mukana wekukopa zvigadzirwa zvayo, kuvandudza uye kuzvitengesa, nekudaro zvichikanganisa hwaro hwebhizinesi rekambani - kubatanidza vashandisi kune zvigadzirwa zvayo.

Apa ndipo apo kunetseka kweMicrosoft nezve yakapararira indasitiri kutorwa kweGPL iri kukura. Ndosaka Mundy achangobva kurwisa iyo GPL uye yakavhurika sosi mukutaura. (Microsoft haitombozivi izwi rekuti "software yemahara", ichida kurwisa izwi rekuti "open source" sezvakakurukurwa mu. Ndosaka Richard Stallman akasarudza kuramba pachena kutaura uku nhasi pakambasi ino.

Makore makumi maviri inguva yakareba yeindasitiri yesoftware. Chimbofunga: muna 1980, Richard Stallman paakatuka Xerox laser printer muAI lab, Microsoft yanga isiri hofori yeindasitiri yemakomputa, yaive yekutanga yakavanzika. IBM yakanga isati yatombounza PC yayo yekutanga kana kukanganisa musika wekombuta wakaderera. Pakanga pasina zvakare akawanda matekinoroji atinotora seasingakoshi nhasi - iyo Internet, satellite terevhizheni, 32-bit game consoles. Izvi zvinoshandawo kumakambani mazhinji ave "kutamba mumakwikwi makuru emakambani," seApple, Amazon, Dell - vangave vasipo mune zvakasikwa, kana kuti vaisangana nenguva dzakaoma. Mienzaniso inogona kupiwa kwenguva yakareba.

Pakati peavo vanokoshesa budiriro pamusoro perusununguko, kukurumidza kufambira mberi munguva pfupi yakadaro kunotaurwa sechikamu chenharo kune uye nekupokana neGNU GPL. Vatsigiri veGPL vanoratidza kukosha kwenguva pfupi kwehardware yekombuta. Kuti udzivise njodzi yekutenga chigadzirwa chekare, vatengi vanoedza kusarudza makambani anovimbisa. Nekuda kweizvozvo, musika unova mukundi-kutora-yese nhandare. A proprietary software nharaunda, vanodaro, inotungamira kune hudzvinyiriri hwemonopolies uye kusamira kwemusika. Makambani akapfuma uye ane simba akacheka okisijeni kune vadiki vakwikwidzi uye vane hunyanzvi hwekutanga.

Vadzivisi vavo vanotaura zvakapesana chaizvo. Maererano navo, kutengesa software kune ngozi sekuigadzira, kana zvisiri izvo. Pasina dziviriro yemutemo inopiwa nemarezinesi evaridzi, makambani haazove nekurudziro yekuvandudza. Izvi ndezvechokwadi kunyanya kune "zvirongwa zvemhondi" zvinogadzira misika mitsva zvachose. Uye zvakare, kudzikama kwatonga mumusika, hutsva huri kupera. Sezvakataurwa naMundy pachake mukutaura kwake, hutachiona hweGPL "hunotyisidzira" kune chero kambani inoshandisa iyo yakasiyana yezvigadzirwa zvayo zvepurogiramu semakwikwi emakwikwi.

Izvo zvakare zvinokanganisa hwaro hweiyo yakazvimirira yekutengesa software chikamu.
nekuti zvinoita kuti zvisaite kugovera software zvinoenderana nemuenzaniso
kutenga zvigadzirwa, kwete kungobhadharira kukopa.

Kubudirira kwezvose zviri zviviri GNU/Linux neWindows pamusoro pemakore gumi apfuura kunotiudza kuti mativi ese ane chimwe chinhu chakanaka. Asi Stallman nevamwe vamiriri vemahara software vanotenda kuti iyi inyaya yechipiri. Vanoti chinonyanya kukosha hakusi budiriro yemahara kana yevaridzi software, asi kuti ingave ine tsika.

Nekudaro, zvakakosha kuti vatambi veindasitiri yesoftware vabate wave. Kunyangwe vagadziri vane simba vakaita seMicrosoft vanobhadhara zvakanyanya kutsigira vechitatu-bato vagadziri vane maapplication, nyanzvi mapakeji nemitambo inoita kuti Windows chikuva chitaridzike kune vatengi. Achitaura nezvekuputika kwemusika wetekinoroji mukati memakore makumi maviri apfuura, tisingataure nezvekubudirira kwekambani yake panguva imwe chete, Mundy akayambira vateereri kuti vasanyanye kufadzwa nehutsva hwemahara software:

Makore makumi maviri ruzivo vakaratidza kuti zvoupfumi muenzaniso kuti
inodzivirira pfuma yepfungwa, uye bhizinesi modhi iyo
inobvisa mari yekutsvagisa nekusimudzira, inogona kugadzira
zvinobatsira zveupfumi zvinoorora uye kuzviparadzira kwakafara.

Mukupesana nemhedziso yaaya mashoko ose akataurwa mwedzi wapfuura, Stallman anogadzirira kutaura kwake amene, akamira pachikuva muvateereri.

Makore makumi maviri apfuura akachinja zvachose nyika yehunyanzvi hwepamusoro kuti ive nani. Richard Stallman achinja zvishoma panguva ino, asi zviri nani here? Aenda akaonda, akachena-akaveura hacker akambopedza nguva yake yese ari pamberi pemudiwa wake PDP-20. Zvino, panzvimbo pake, pane murume akafuta, wezera repakati nepakati ane bvudzi refu nendebvu dzarabhi, murume anopedza nguva yake yose achitumira maemail, achitsiura vasonganiri, uye achitaura semazuva ano. Akapfeka T-shirt yegirini yegungwa uye tirauzi repolyester, Richard anoratidzika semugari wemugwenga achangobuda muchiteshi cheSalvation Army.

Kune vateveri vazhinji vepfungwa dzaStallman uye kuravira mumhomho. Vazhinji vakauya nemalaptops nemamodemu enhare kurekodha uye kuendesa mazwi aStallman kuvateereri veInternet vakamirira nepavaigona napo. Kuumbwa kwevakadzi nevashanyi hakuna kuenzana kwazvo, nevarume gumi nevashanu kumukadzi wese, nevakadzi vakabata mhuka dzakaputirwa - penguin, iyo official Linux mascot, uye teddy bear.

Nekushushikana, Richard anoburuka pachikuva, ogara pachigaro chemberi ndokutanga kutaipa mirairo palaptop yake. Saka maminetsi gumi anopfuura, uye Stallman haatombocherechedze mhomho irikura yevadzidzi, mapurofesa uye mafani anomhanya pamberi pake pakati pevateereri nedariro.

Haugoni kungotanga kutaura usina kutanga waita tsika dzokushongedza dzetsika dzedzidzo, dzakadai sokunyatsosuma mukurukuri kuvateereri. Asi Stallman anoita sekunge anokodzera kwete imwe chete, asi maitiro maviri. Mike Yuretsky, co-director weChikoro cheBhizinesi Center for Advanced Technologies, akatora yekutanga.

“Rimwe basa reyunivhesiti nderekusimudzira gakava uye kukurudzira nhaurirano dzinonakidza,” Yuretski anotanga, “uye seminari yedu nhasi inopindirana zvizere nebasa iri. Sekuona kwangu, nhaurirano yenzvimbo yakavhurika ndiyo inonyanya kufarira. "

Yuretski asati ataura rimwe shoko, Stallman anosimuka kusvika paurefu hwake hwakazara uye masaisai, semutyairi akadzingirirwa padivi pemugwagwa nekuda kwekuparara.

"Ndiri musoftware yemahara," Richard anodaro kuwedzera kuseka kubva kune vateereri, "yakavhurika sosi kune imwe nzira."

Kuombera kunopedza kuseka. Vateereri vakazara nevatsigiri veStallman vanoziva mukurumbira wake semhare yemutauro chaiwo, pamwe nemukurumbira waRichard achidonha nevamiriri vakavhurika sosi muna1998. Vazhinji vavo vakanga vakamirira chimwe chinhu chakadai, sezvinongoita vateveri venyeredzi dzinotyisa vanotarisira kusaina kwavo antics kubva kuzvifananidzo zvavo.

Yuretsky anokurumidza kupedzisa sumo yake uye anopa nzira kuna Edmond Schonberg, purofesa mudhipatimendi resainzi yekombuta kuNew York University. Schonberg mugadziri wepurogiramu uye nhengo yepurojekiti yeGNU, uye anonyatsoziva mepu yenzvimbo yematemu emigodhi. Anopfupikisa nehuchenjeri rwendo rwaStallman kubva pamaonero emugadziri wemazuva ano.

"Richard muenzaniso wakanaka wemunhu uyo, achishanda pamatambudziko madiki, akatanga kufunga nezvedambudziko hombe - dambudziko rekusasvikika kwekodhi yekodhi," anodaro Schonberg, "akagadzira huzivi hunoenderana, pasi pesimba ratakatsanangura patsva. nzira yatinofunga nayo nezvekugadzirwa kwesoftware, nezve pfuma yehungwaru, nezve nharaunda yekuvandudza software."

Schonberg anokwazisa Stallman kuombera. Anokurumidza kudzima laptop yake, anokwira pachikuva uye anooneka pamberi pevateereri.

Pakutanga, kuita kwaRichard kunoratidzika sechiito chekumira pane kutaura kwezvematongerwo enyika. "Ndinoda kutenda Microsoft nechikonzero chakanaka chekutaura pano," anoseka, "mumavhiki achangopfuura ndanzwa semunyori webhuku rakarambidzwa kune imwe nzvimbo sechikamu chehutongi."

Kuunza vasina uninitiated kuti vakurumidze, Stallman anoita chirongwa chipfupi chedzidzo chinoenderana neanologies. Anofananidza purogiramu yepakombiyuta neresipi yekubika. Ose ari maviri anopa anobatsira nhanho-ne-nhanho mirairo yekuti ungazadzisa sei chinangwa chako chaunoda. Ose ari maviri anogona kushandurwa nyore nyore kuti aenderane nemamiriro ezvinhu kana zvishuwo zvako. “Haufaniri kunyatsotevedzera mabikirwo acho,” Stallman anotsanangura kudaro, “unogona kusiya zvimwe zvokubikisa kana kuwedzera howa nemhaka yokuti unofarira howa. Isa munyu mushoma nekuti chiremba vakuraira kudaro - kana zvakadaro."

Chinhu chinonyanya kukosha, maererano naStallman, ndechekuti mapurogiramu uye mabikirwo ari nyore kwazvo kugovera. Kugovera chikafu chemanheru nemuenzi wako, chaunoda chete bepa uye maminetsi mashoma enguva. Kukopa zvirongwa zvekombuta kunotoda kushoma - kungotinya kwembeva mbiri uye nemagetsi mashoma. Muzviitiko zvose zviri zviviri, munhu anopa anogamuchira betsero yakapetwa kaviri: inosimbisa ushamwari uye inowedzera mikana yokuti zvakafanana zvichagoverwa naye.

“Zvino chimbofungidzira kuti mabikirwo ose ibhokisi dema,” anoenderera mberi achidaro Richard, “hauzivi kuti zvii zvinoshandiswa, haugoni kuchinja mabikirwo wogovera shamwari. Kana ukaita izvi, uchanzi mupambi woiswa mujeri kwemakore akawanda. Nyika yakadaro inogona kukonzera kutsamwa kukuru uye kurambwa pakati pevanhu vanoda kubika uye vakajaira kugovera mabikirwo. Asi iyo ingori nyika yeproprietary software. Nyika inorambidzwa uye inodzvinyirirwa kuvimbika kwevanhu vose.”

Mushure mekufananidza uku kwekutanga, Stallman anotaura nyaya yeXerox laser printer. Kungofanana nekufananidza kwekubika, iyo printer nyaya ine simba rekutaura mudziyo. Kufanana nemufananidzo, nyaya yemupurinda ane njodzi inoratidza kuti zvinhu zvinokurumidza sei kuchinja munyika yesoftware. Kutora vateereri kudzoka kune imwe nguva isati yatinya-kamwe kutenga paAmazon, Microsoft masisitimu uye Oracle dhatabhesi, Richard anoedza kuendesa kune vateereri zvazvaive zvakaita kubata nemapurogiramu akange asati anyatsonyungudutswa pasi pemalogo emakambani.

Nyaya yaStallman yakanyatsogadzirwa uye yakakwenenzverwa, sekunge gweta redunhu rinopedza nharo mudare. Paanosvika pachiitiko cheCarnegie Mellon, umo muongorori akaramba kugovera kodhi yemutyairi weprinta, Richard anombomira.

“Akatitengesa,” anodaro Stallman, “asi kwete isu chete. Zvimwe akakupandukirawo."

Pashoko rokuti “iwe,” Stallman anonongedzera munwe wake kumuteereri asingafungiri ari muvateereri. Anosimudza tsiye dzake achivhunduka, asi Richard ari kutotsvaga mumwe munhu abatwa nekutya pakati pemhomho iri kuseka, achimutsvaga zvishoma nezvishoma uye nemaune. “Uye ndinofunga kuti zvimwe akazviitawo kwauri,” anodaro, achinongedzera kumurume ari mumutsetse wechitatu.

Vateereri havasisiri kuseka, asi vanoseka zvinonzwika. Hongu, kuita kwaRichard kunoratidzika kunge kudiki kwemitambo. Zvakangodaro, Stallman anopedzisa nyaya neXerox laser printer nehudo hwemuratidziri chaiye. “Chaizvoizvo, akatengesa vanhu vakawanda zvikuru kupfuura vari muvateereri ava, tisingaverengi avo vakazvarwa pashure pa1980,” anogumisa kudaro Richard, achitowedzera kuseka, “nemhaka bedzi yokuti akatengesa vanhu vose.”

Anowedzera kuderedza dhirama achiti, “Akaita izvi nekusaina chibvumirano chekusaburitsa pachena.

Kushanduka kwaRichard Matthew Stallman kubva pakuodzwa mwoyo kwedzidzo kuenda kumutungamiri wezvematongerwo enyika kunotaura zvakawanda. Pamusoro pehunhu hwake hwakasindimara uye kuda kunoshamisa. Nezve maonero ake akajeka epasirese uye akasiyana maitiro akamubatsira kuwana yemahara software kufamba. Nezvekukodzera kwake kwepamusoro muhurongwa - zvakamubvumira kugadzira akati wandei akakosha zvikumbiro uye kuve chimiro chechitendero chevazhinji vanogadzira. Nekuda kweshanduko iyi, kufarirwa uye kufurirwa kweGPL kwaramba kuchikura, uye kuvandudzwa kwemutemo uku kunoonekwa nevakawanda sebudiriro huru yaStallman.

Zvese izvi zvinoratidza kuti chimiro chesimba rezvematongerwo enyika chiri kuchinja - chiri kuramba chichibatanidzwa neruzivo rwemichina uye zvirongwa zvinovabatanidza.

Ichi ndicho chikonzero nei nyeredzi yaStallman iri kuramba ichipenya, nepo nyeredzi dzeakawanda epamusoro-tekinoroji hofori dzakapera uye dzakagadzika. Kubva pakatangwa chirongwa cheGNU muna 1984, Stallman nesangano rake remahara software rakamborambwa, ndokusekwa, ndokunyadziswa nekukurirwa nekutsoropodzwa. Asi chirongwa cheGNU chakakwanisa kukunda zvese izvi, kunyangwe zvisiri pasina matambudziko uye nguva nenguva, uye zvichiri kupa zvirongwa zvakakosha mumusika wesoftware, izvo, nenzira, zvave zvakapetwa kakawanda mumakumi emakore aya. Uzivi hwakaiswa naStallman sehwaro hweGNU huri kusimukirawo zvinobudirira. . Mune chimwe chikamu chehurukuro yake yeNew York musi waMay 29, 2001, Stallman akatsanangura muchidimbu mavambo echirevo ichi:

Isu ma hackers tinowanzo sarudza mazita anosetsa uye kunyangwe hooligan mazita
zvirongwa zvavo, nekuti kupa mazita mapurogiramu ndechimwe chezvikamu
kufara kwekuzvinyora. Isu tinewo tsika yakasimukira
uchishandisa zvipfupiso zvinodzokororwa zvinoratidza izvo zvako
chirongwa chakati fanane nemaapplication aripo...I
yaitsvaga kudzokorora chidimbu muchimiro "Chimwe Chinhu Chisiri
Unix." Ndakaongorora mabhii ose ealfabheti, uye hapana akagadzira
shoko rakarurama. Ndakafunga kupfupisa mutsara uyu kuva mazwi matatu, zvichiguma
mufananidzo wechidimbu chemavara matatu senge "Chimwe-chimwe chinhu - Kwete Unix".
Ndakatanga kutarisa mumabhii aya ndokusangana nezwi rekuti “GNU”. Ndiyo nyaya yese.

Kunyangwe Richard ari fan we puns, anokurudzira kududzira acronym
muchiRungu ne”g” rakasiyana pakutanga, kunzvenga kwete chete
nyonganiso nezita remhungu yemuAfrica, asiwo zvakafanana ne
Chivakashure cheChirungu "chitsva", i.e. "nyowani". "Tiri kushanda
chirongwa ichi chavepo kwemakumi emakore, saka hachisi chitsva," anoseka
Stallman.

Source: zvinyorwa zvemunyori pane chinyorwa chekutaura kwaStallman's New York "Mahara Software: Rusununguko uye Kudyidzana" musi waMay 29, 2001..

Kunzwisisa zvikonzero zvekuda uku uye kubudirira kunobatsirwa zvikuru nekudzidza matauriro uye zvirevo zvaRichard pachake uye avo vakamupoteredza, izvo zvinomubatsira kana kuisa spokes mumavhiri ake. Chimiro chehunhu hwaStallman hachidi kuve chakaoma. Kana paine muenzaniso mupenyu weiyo yekare chirevo "chokwadi ndizvo zvazvinoita," ndiStallman.

"Ini ndinofunga kana uchida kunzwisisa Richard Stallman semunhu, haufanirwe kumuongorora zvishoma, asi mutarise zvakazara," anodaro Eben Moglin, gweta rezvemitemo kuFree Software Foundation uye purofesa wezvemitemo kuColumbia. Yunivhesiti, "zvese izvi eccentrics, izvo vanhu vazhinji vanofunga sechinhu chakagadzirwa, chinonyepedzera - kutaura zvazviri, kuratidzwa kwechokwadi kwehunhu hwaRichard. Akanyatsoodzwa mwoyo pane imwe nguva, ane hunyanzvi zvakanyanya munyaya dzehutsika uye anoramba chero kukanganiswa mumatambudziko akanyanya kukosha. Ndosaka Richard akaita zvese zvaaiita."

Hazvisi nyore kutsanangura kuti kunetsana nelaser printer kwakawedzera sei kuita makwikwi nemakambani akapfuma kwazvo pasi rose. Kuti tiite izvi, isu tinofanirwa kuongorora nekufunga zvikonzero nei humiridzi hwesoftware hwave hwakakosha kudaro. Tinofanira kusvika pakuziva murume uyo, kufanana navatungamiriri vazhinji vezvamatongerwe enyika vomunguva yakapfuura, anonzwisisa kuti ndangariro yomunhu inochinjika uye inoumbika sei. Izvo zvinodikanwa kuti unzwisise zvinorehwa nengano uye ideological templates iyo chimiro chaStallman chakawedzera kukura nekufamba kwenguva. Chekupedzisira, munhu anofanirwa kuziva nhanho yehunyanzvi hwaRichard semugadziri, uye nei iyo nyanzvi dzimwe nguva ichitadza mune dzimwe nzvimbo.

Kana iwe ukakumbira Stallman pachake kuti atore zvikonzero zvekushanduka kwake kubva kune hacker kuenda kumutungamiri uye muevhangeri, anobvumirana nezviri pamusoro. “Kusindimara ndicho chinhu changu chakasimba,” anodaro, “vanhu vakawanda vanokundikana mukutarisana nezvinetso zvikuru nemhaka bedzi yokuti vanokanda mapfumo pasi. Handifi ndakakanda mapfumo pasi.

Anopawo kutenda kune bofu mukana. Dai yanga isiri iyo Xerox laser printer nyaya, dai isiri iyo yakatevedzana yemunhu uye yepfungwa skirmish akaviga basa rake kuMIT, dai isiri hafu yegumi nemaviri mamwe mamiriro akabatana nenguva nenzvimbo, Upenyu hwaStallman, nokubvuma kwake, hungadai hwakasiyana zvikuru. Naizvozvo, Stallman anotenda fate nekumutungamira munzira yaari.

“Ndaingova nehunyanzvi chaihwo,” anodaro Richard pakupera kwekutaura kwake, achipeta nyaya yekutangwa kwechirongwa cheGNU, “hapana mumwe aikwanisa kuita izvi, ini chete. Naizvozvo, ndakanzwa sekuti ndakanga ndasarudzirwa basa iri. Ndaifanira kuzviita. Mushure mezvose, kana ndisiri ini, ndiani?"

Source: linux.org.ru