Yemahara semuRusununguko muRussia: Chitsauko 1. The Fatal Printer
Yemahara semuRusununguko muRussia: Chitsauko 2. 2001: A Hacker Odyssey
Kusununguka semuRusununguko muRussia: Chitsauko 3. Mufananidzo wehacker muhuduku hwake
Bvisa Mwari
Hukama hwakaoma naamai vake hahuna kutadzisa Richard kugara nhaka chido chake chekufambira mberi mune zvematongerwo enyika. Asi izvi hazvina kuoneka pakarepo. Makore okutanga ehupenyu hwake akanga asina zvachose kubva mune zvematongerwo enyika. Sokutaura kunoita Stallman pachake, aigara “munzvimbo isina zvematongerwo enyika.” Pasi peEisenhower, vazhinji vekuAmerica havana kuzviremedza nezvinetso zvepasi rose, asi vakaedza chete kudzokera kuhupenyu hwevanhu mushure memakore makumi mana, huzere nerima uye hutsinye. Mhuri yekwaStallman yakanga yakafanana.
"Ini nababa vaRichard taiva maDemocrats," Lippman anoyeuka nezvemakore emhuri yavo muQueens, "asi isu takanga tisina kubatanidzwa muhupenyu hwezvematongerwo enyika uye hwenyika. Takafara chaizvo uye takagutsikana nehurongwa hwaivepo hwezvinhu.”
Zvose zvakatanga kuchinja mukupera kwema50s, mushure mokunge Alice naDaniel Stallman varambana. Kudzokera kuManhattan kwaipfuura kuchinja kero. Kwakanga kuri kuoneka kumararamire akanyarara uye kuzvivandudza pachako nenzira itsva, yakazvimirira.
“Ndinofunga kuti chakaparira kumuka kwangu mune zvematongerwe enyika kwaiva apo ndakaenda kuraibhurari yavose yeQueens ndokuwana bhuku rimwe bedzi pamusoro pokurambana,” anodaro Lippman, “idzi nhau dzaidzorwa zvakasimba neChechi yeKaturike, kunyanya muElmhurst, kwataigara. . Ndinofunga kuti yakanga iri nguva yokutanga meso angu akasvinudzwa kumasimba anodzora upenyu hwedu.”
Alice paakadzokera kuUpper West Side yeManhattan, kwaaigara achiri mudiki, akakatyamadzwa nekuchinja kwakanga kwaita zvinhu mumakore gumi nemashanu apfuura. Kunyanya kuda kwedzimba mushure mehondo kwakashandura nzvimbo iyi kuita nhandare yehondo dzinotyisa dzezvematongerwo enyika. Kune rimwe divi kwaiva nevagadziri vebhizimisi uye vakuru vakuru vaiitira hanya vaida kuvandudza nzvimbo yacho zvachose, vachiishandura kuti ive nzvimbo huru yekugara yevashandi chena. Vakapikiswa nevarombo vepaIrish nePuerto Rican, avo vaisada kusiya imba yavo yakachipa.
Pakutanga, Lippman aisaziva kuti nderipi divi rekusarudza. Semugari mutsva wenzvimbo iyi, akafarira zano redzimba nyowani dzine dzimba dzakakura. Asi maererano nehupfumi, Alice aive padyo nevarombo veko - mari shoma yaamai vasina murume yaisamutendera kuti agare padivi pevashandi vemuhofisi nevashandi. Zvirongwa zvese zvekusimudzira nharaunda zvakanangana nevagari vakapfuma, uye izvi zvakashatirisa Lippman. Akatanga kutsvaga nzira dzekurwisa muchina wezvematongerwo enyika waida kushandura nzvimbo yake kuita mapatya Upper East Side.
Asi taifanira kutanga tatsvagira Richard kindergarten. Achisvika kukireshi yeko kumhuri dzine urombo, Alice akakatyamadzwa nemamiriro ezvinhu akanga ari vana. “Ndakarangarira munhuwi wemukaka wakavava, mikoto mitema nemidziyo mishoma. Asi ndaiva nemukana wekushanda somudzidzisi mumakireshi akazvimirira. Rinongova denga nenyika. Zvakandigumbura uye zvakandisundidzira kuita chimwe chinhu.”
Maiva muna 1958. Alice akananga kudzimbahwe renzvimbo yeDemocratic Party, akatsunga kukwevera ngwariro kumararamiro akashata evarombo. Zvisinei, iyi shanyo yakaunza chimwe chinhu kunze kwokuodzwa mwoyo. Mukamuri umo utsi hwaigona kuturika demo, Lippman akatanga kufungidzira kuti ruvengo kune varombo rwaigona kukonzerwa nevezvematongerwo enyika vane huori. Ndosaka akanga asingachaendiko. Alice akafunga kujoina rimwe remapato mazhinji ezvematongerwo enyika ane chinangwa chekuvandudza shanduko muDemocratic Party. Pamwe chete nevamwe vesangano rainzi Woodrow Wilson Democratic Reform Alliance, Lippman akatanga kupinda misangano yeguta nekunzwa kunzwikwa kwevanhu uye vachikurudzira kuti vatore chikamu mune zvematongerwo enyika.
“Takaona chinangwa chedu chikuru sekurwisa Tammany Hall, boka rine simba mukati meDemocratic Party yeNew York, iro panguva iyoyo raisanganisira Carmine de Sapio nevatsigiri vake. Ndakava mumiriri weruzhinji kukanzuru yeguta, uye ndakabatikana mukugadzira hurongwa hunechokwadi hwekushandura nzvimbo iyi, isingaderedzerwe kungoigadzira nedzimba dzeumbozha,” anodaro Lippman.
Mumakore makumi matanhatu, basa iri rakakura kuita basa rezvematongerwo enyika rakakura. Pakazosvika 60, Alice akange ari mutsigiri wezvematongerwo enyika aitaura uye aitaura saWilliam Fitz Ryan, mumiriri weDemocratic Party akasarudzwa nesimba rekutsigira kwake kwakasimba kwekuchinja kwebato uye aive mumwe wekutanga kutaura achipikisa Hondo yeVietnam.
Nenguva isipi, Alice akavewo mupikisi mukuru wezvirongwa zvehurumende yeAmerica muIndochina. “Ndakanga ndichirwisana neHondo yeVietnam kubvira apo Kennedy akatumira mauto,” anodaro, “ndakarava mishumo nemishumo pamusoro pezvaiitika ikoko. Uye ndakanga ndine chokwadi chakasimba chokuti kupindira uku kwaizotikwevera mugomba rakaipa rinotyisa.”
Kupikisa uku kuhurumende yeAmerica kwakapindawo mumhuri. Muna 1967, Alice akaroorazve, uye murume wake mutsva, Maurice Lippman, mukuru weAir Force, akasiya basa kuti aratidze maonero ake nezvehondo. Mwanakomana wake Andrew Lippman akadzidza kuMIT uye akasunungurwa kubva pakunyorwa kusvika pakupera kwezvidzidzo zvake. Asi kana kukakavara kwakawedzera, kumisikidzwa kwacho kunogona kukanzurwa, izvo zvakazoitika. Pakupedzisira, tyisidziro yakaturikirawo pana Richard, uyo, kunyange zvazvo akanga achiri muduku zvikuru nokuda kwebasa, aigona kugumira ikoko munguva yemberi.
“Vietnam ndiyo yainyanya kukurukurwa mumba medu,” anoyeuka kudaro Alice, “taigara tichitaura nezvezvaizoitika kana hondo ikaenderera mberi, zvataizofanira kuita isu nevana kana vaizonzi vapinde muchiuto. Tose taipesana nehondo uye kunyoreswa vanhu muchiuto. Isu takanga takatsunga kuti zvakanga zvakaipisisa. "
Kuna Richard pachake, hondo yeVietnam yakakonzera dutu rose remanzwiro, apo manzwiro makuru aiva kuvhiringidzika, kutya uye kuziva kwekushaya simba kwake pamberi pezvematongerwo enyika. Stallman aisakwanisa kuwirirana nehutongi hwakapfava uye hushoma hwepachikoro chakazvimiririra, uye pfungwa yekudzidzira mauto yakamuita kuti abvunde. Aive nechokwadi chekuti haaigona kuita izvi uye kuramba ari musvinu.
"Kutya kwakandipedza simba, asi ndakanga ndisina kana kapfungwa kekuti ndoita sei, ndakatombotya kuenda kukuratidzira," Stallman anoyeuka nezvezuva rekuzvarwa musi waKurume 16, paakapihwa tikiti raityisa rekukura. kuenda kuCanada kana kuSweden, asi hazvina kukwana mumusoro mangu. Ndingasarudza sei kuita izvi? Hapana chandaiziva nezvekurarama ndakazvimirira. Panyaya iyi, ndakanga ndisina chokwadi nezvangu.” Ehe, akapihwa deferment kuti adzidze kuyunivhesiti - imwe yekupedzisira, ipapo hurumende yeAmerica yakamira kuvapa - asi makore mashoma aya achapfuura nekukurumidza, uye chii chaunofanira kuita ipapo?
...
Source: linux.org.ru