Yemahara semuRusununguko muRussia: Chitsauko 1. The Fatal Printer

Yemahara semuRusununguko muRussia: Chitsauko 2. 2001: A Hacker Odyssey

Kusununguka semuRusununguko muRussia: Chitsauko 3. Mufananidzo wehacker muhuduku hwake

Kusununguka semuRusununguko muchiRussia: Chitsauko 4. Debunk God

Kusununguka semuRusununguko muchiRussia: Chitsauko 5. Manomano erusununguko

Emacs commune

Iyo AI murabhoritari mu70s yaive nzvimbo yakakosha, munhu wese akabvumirana pane izvi. Kutsvakurudza kwepamusoro kwakaitika pano, nyanzvi dzakasimba dzakashanda pano, saka Laboratory yaigara ichinzwika munyika yekombiyuta. Uye tsika yake yehacker uye mweya wekumukira zvakagadzira aura yenzvimbo tsvene yakamukomberedza. Pakazobuda masayendisiti mazhinji uye “nyanzvi dzemapurogiramu e<em>rock” pakabuda muRabhoritari ndipo apo matsotsi akaziva kuti nyika yavaigara yakanga iri yengano uye yakadini.

"Lab yakanga yakaita seEdheni kwatiri," Stallman anodaro muchinyorwa. Forbes 1998, "hazvina kumboitika kune chero munhu kuti azviparadzanise nevamwe vashandi pane kushanda pamwechete."

Tsanangudzo dzakadaro mumweya wengano dzinosimbisa chokwadi chakakosha: iyo 9th floor yeTechnosquare yaive yevakawanda hackers kwete nzvimbo yebasa chete, asiwo imba.

Izwi rekuti "kumba" rakashandiswa naRichard Stallman pachake, uye isu tinoziva chaizvo kuti akarurama uye akangwarira sei mukutaura kwake. Apfuura nemuCold War nevabereki vake, Richard achiri kutenda kuti pamberi peCurrier House, imba yake yekurara yeHarvard, aingove asina imba. Maererano naye, mumakore ake eHarvard akatambudzwa nekutya kumwe chete - kudzingwa. Ndakaratidza kusava nechokwadi kuti mudzidzi akachenjera akadaro saStallman aiva pangozi yekurega chikoro. Asi Richard akandiyeuchidza nezvezvinetso zvake zvechirango.

"Harvard anokoshesa kuranga, uye kana ukapotsa kirasi, uchakurumidza kukumbirwa kuti ubve," akadaro.

Mushure mokunge apedza kudzidza kubva kuHarvard, Stallman akarasikirwa nekodzero yake yeimba yekugara, uye haana kumbova nechido chekudzokera kuvabereki vake muNew York. Saka akatevera nzira yakatsikwa naGreenblatt, Gosper, Sussman nevamwe vakawanda vakabira - akaenda kunopedza chikoro kuMIT, akahaya kamuri padyo muCambridge, akatanga kushandisa yakawanda yenguva yake muAI Lab. Muhurukuro ya1986, Richard akatsanangura nguva iyi:

Zvimwe ndine chikonzero chakawanda kudarika vamwe chokutaura kuti ndaigara muLabhoritari, nokuti gore rimwe nerimwe kana maviri ndairasikirwa nemba nokuda kwezvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana, uye kazhinji kazhinji ndakagara muLabhoritari kwemwedzi inoverengeka. Uye ini nguva dzose ndainzwa ndakasununguka zvikuru ipapo, kunyanya muzhizha rinopisa, nokuti mukati maiva nechando. Asi kazhinji zvaive muhurongwa hwezvinhu zvekuti vanhu vairara muLabhoritari, kana nekuda kwechido chekupenga chakabva chatibata tose. Mubhejeri dzimwe nguva aisakwanisa kumira uye kushanda pakombuta kusvika aneta zvachose, mushure mezvo akakambaira achienda kunzvimbo yaive pedyo yakapfava. Muchidimbu, mhepo yakasununguka, yepamba.

Asi mamiriro ezvinhu epamba aya dzimwe nguva aikonzera matambudziko. Yaionekwa nevamwe semusha, vamwe vaiona sebako reopium yemagetsi. Mubhuku rake reComputer Power uye Human Motivation, muongorori weMIT Joseph Weizenbaum akatsoropodza "kuputika kwekombuta," izwi rake rekuputira nzvimbo dzemakombuta seAI Lab nematsotsi. “Zvipfeko zvavo zvakaunyana, bvudzi risina kugezwa uye zviso zvisina kugerwa zvinoratidza kuti vakazvisiya zvachose vachida makombiyuta, uye havadi kuona kuti izvi zvingavasvitsa kupi,” akanyora kudaro Weizenbaum, “denda dzemakombiyuta idzi dzinongoraramira makombiyuta chete.”

Anenge chikamu chimwe muzvina chezana ramakore gare gare, Stallman achiri kushatirwa paanonzwa kutaura kwaWeizenbaum: "makomputa anorova." "Anoda kuti isu tose tive nyanzvi-kuita basa remari, kusimuka uye kuenda panguva yakatarwa, tichiisa zvose zvakabatana nazvo kubva mumisoro yedu," Stallman anodaro nehasha, sekunge Weizenbaum iri pedyo uye. anogona kumunzwa, “asi chaanorangarira nhevedzano yenguva dzose yezvinhu, ndinorangarira ngwavaira inoodza mwoyo.”

Nekudaro, hupenyu hwehacker hahusiwo husina njodzi. Richard pachake anotaura kuti kushanduka kwake kubva pakupera kwevhiki hacker kune 24/7 hacker ndiyo mhedzisiro yezviitiko zvinorwadza muhuduku hwake, kubva kwaaigona kungopukunyuka mukufara kwekubira. Marwadzo ekutanga akadai akapedza kudzidza kubva kuHarvard; zvakachinja zvakanyanya mararamiro akajairika, akadzikama. Stallman akaenda kunopedza chikoro kuMIT mudhipatimendi refizikisi kuti atevere tsoka dzevakuru Richard Feynman, William Shockley naMurray Gehl-Mann, uye haafanire kutyaira mamwe mamaira maviri kuenda kuAI Lab uye PDP- itsva. 2. "Ndakanga ndichiri kutarisa zvakanyanya pakuronga, asi ndakafunga kuti pamwe ndaigona kuita fizikisi parutivi," anodaro Stallman.

Kudzidza fizikisi masikati uye kubira husiku, Richard akaedza kuwana chiyero chakakwana. Mhedzisiro yeiyi geek swing yaive misangano yevhiki nevhiki yefolk dance club. Uku ndiko kwaiva kungobatana kwake chete nevanhurume nevanhukadzi uye nyika yevanhuwo zvavo. Nekudaro, pakupera kwegore rake rekutanga kuMIT, njodzi yakaitika - Richard akakuvara ibvi uye akatadza kutamba. Akafunga kuti yakanga iri yechinguvana ndokupfuurira kuenda kukirabhu, kuteerera mimhanzi, uye kutaura neshamwari. Asi zhizha rakapera, ibvi rangu richiri kurwadza uye gumbo rangu rakanga risisashande zvakanaka. Ipapo Stallman akatanga kunyumwa uye kunetseka. “Ndakaona kuti kwaisazova nani,” anoyeuka kudaro, “uye kuti ndaisazotongokwanisa kutamba zvakare. Zvakangondiuraya."

Pasina Harvard dorm uye pasina matambiro, Stallman's social universe yakabva yapinda. Kutamba ndiko chete kwaisangomubatanidza nevanhu, asiwo kwakamupa mukana chaiwo wekusangana nevakadzi. Kusatamba kunoreva kusapfimbana, uye izvi zvakanyanya kugumbura Richard.

“Kakawanda ndaiora mwoyo zvachose,” Richard anotsanangura kudaro nguva iyi, “ndaisakwanisa uye hapana chandaida kunze kwokubirwa. Kupererwa chaiko."

Akapotsa arega kupindirana nenyika, akanyatsonyura mubasa. Pakazosvika Gumiguru 1975, akange atosiya physics uye zvidzidzo zvake kuMIT. Kuronga kwachinja kubva pakuzvivaraidza kuita chinhu chikuru uye chega chehupenyu hwangu.

Richard zvino anoti zvakanga zvisingadzivisiki. Nenguva isipi, siren call yekubira yaizokunda zvimwe zvese zvinokurudzira. “Mumasvomhu nefizikisi, ndakanga ndisingakwanisi kugadzira chimwe chinhu ndega; ndakanga ndisingatombofungi kuti chakaitwa sei. Ndakangobatanidza izvo zvakatogadzirwa, uye izvo hazvina kuenderana neni. Muchirongwa, ndakabva ndanzwisisa kugadzira zvinhu zvitsva, uye chinonyanya kukosha ndechekuti iwe unobva waona kuti zvinoshanda uye zvinobatsira. Zvinounza mufaro mukuru, uye unoda kuronga zvakare uye zvakare. "

Stallman haasi wekutanga kubatanidza kubira nekunakidzwa kwakanyanya. Vazhinji veAI Lab matsotsi vanodadawo nezvidzidzo zvakasiiwa uye madhigirii apedza hafu mumasvomhu kana engineering yemagetsi - chete nekuti zvishuvo zvese zvedzidzo zvakanyudzwa mukunakidzwa kwakachena kwehurongwa. Vanoti Thomas Aquinas, kuburikidza nezvidzidzo zvake zvekunyanyisa zvedzidzo, akazviunza kuzviratidzo uye pfungwa yaMwari. MaHackers akasvika kune dzimwe nyika dzakafanana pamucheto wekufara kusiri kwepasi mushure mekutarisa maitiro chaiwo kwemaawa mazhinji. Ichi ndicho chikonzero nei Stallman nevakawanda vabiki vakadzivisa zvinodhaka - mushure memaawa makumi maviri ekubira, vakaita sekunge vakakwirira.

Source: linux.org.ru