Zvakaoma here kubata pfungwa huru kana uchitaura nezveDevOps? Isu takakuunganidzira iwe akajeka analogies, anokatyamadza magadzirirwo uye zano kubva kune nyanzvi izvo zvichabatsira kunyangwe vasiri nyanzvi kusvika padanho. Pakupedzisira, bhonasi ndeyeRed Hat vashandi vega DevOps.
Izwi rekuti DevOps rakatanga makore gumi apfuura uye rakabva pa Twitter hashtag kuenda kune yakasimba tsika yekufamba munyika yeIT, uzivi hwechokwadi hunokurudzira vanogadzira kuti zvinhu zviitwe nekukurumidza, kuyedza, uye kudzokorora kumberi. DevOps yave yakabatana zvisingaite neiyo pfungwa yekushandurwa kwedhijitari. Asi sezvinowanzoitika neIT terminology, mumakore gumi apfuura DevOps yakawana tsananguro dzakawanda, dudziro uye kusanzwisisa pamusoro payo.
Naizvozvo, iwe unogona kazhinji kunzwa mibvunzo nezve DevOps senge, zvakafanana neagile? Kana kuti iyi ndiyo imwe nzira yakakosha here? Kana kuti rinongovawo rimwe shoko rinofanana nerekuti “kushandira pamwe”?
DevOps inosanganisira akawanda akasiyana pfungwa (kuenderera mberi kuburitsa, kuenderera mberi kwekubatanidza, otomatiki, nezvimwewo), saka kudonhedza pasi izvo zvakakosha zvinogona kunetsa, kunyanya kana iwe uchifarira nezvenyaya. Zvakadaro, hunyanzvi uhu hunobatsira zvakanyanya, zvisinei nekuti uri kuedza kuendesa pfungwa dzako kuvakuru vako kana kungoudza mumwe wemhuri yako kana shamwari nezvebasa rako. Naizvozvo, ngatiise parutivi iyo terminological nuances yeDevOps ikozvino uye titarise pamufananidzo mukuru.
Chii chinonzi DevOps: 6 Tsanangudzo uye Analogies
Takakumbira nyanzvi kuti dzitsanangure kukosha kweDevOps zviri nyore uye muchidimbu sezvinobvira kuitira kuti kukosha kwayo kuve pachena kune vaverengi vane chero nhanho yeruzivo rwehunyanzvi. Zvichienderana nemhedzisiro yenhaurirano idzi, isu takasarudza anokatyamadza analogies uye anokatyamadza maumbirwo ayo achakubatsira iwe kuvaka nyaya yako nezveDevOps.
1. DevOps isangano retsika
"DevOps isangano retsika umo mapato ese (vagadziri vesoftware uye IT system operation nyanzvi) vanoziva kuti software haiunze mabhenefiti chaiwo kusvikira mumwe munhu atanga kuishandisa: vatengi, vatengi, vashandi, kwete poindi," anodaro Eveline Oehrlich, mukuru tsvagiridzo. muongorori paDevOps Institute. "Naizvozvo, mapato maviri aya akabatana anovimbisa kukurumidza uye kwemhando yepamusoro kuendesa software."
2. DevOps ndeyekupa simba vanogadzira.
"DevOps inopa simba vanogadzira kuti vave vedzi maapplication, vamhanye, uye vagadzirise kutumira kubva pakutanga kusvika pakupedzisira."
"Kazhinji, DevOps inotaurwa nezvayo senzira yekumhanyisa kuendeswa kwezvikumbiro mukugadzira nekuvaka nekuita otomatiki maitiro," anodaro Jai Schniepp, director weDevOps mapuratifomu kukambani yeinishuwarenzi Liberty Mutual. "Asi kwandiri chinhu chakanyanya kukosha." DevOps inopa simba vanogadzira kuti vave vedzi maapplication kana chaiwo zvidimbu zvesoftware, zvimhanye, uye vagadzirise kuendesa kwavo kubva pakutanga kusvika pakupedzisira. DevOps inobvisa kuvhiringika kwemutoro uye inotungamira munhu wese ane chekuita nekugadzira otomatiki, inofambiswa nekusimudzira.
3. DevOps ndeyekubatana mukugadzira uye kuendesa zvikumbiro.
"Zvichitaurwa, DevOps inzira yekugadzira software uye kuendesa uko munhu wese anoshanda pamwechete," anodaro Gur Staf, mutungamiri uye mukuru wedhijitari bhizinesi automation kuBMC.
4. DevOps ibhomba
"Conveyor assembly inogoneka chete kana zvikamu zvese zvakabatana."
"Ini ndinofananidza DevOps nemutsetse wekugadzira mota," anoenderera mberi Gur Staff. -Pfungwa yacho ndeyekugadzira uye kugadzira zvikamu zvese pachine nguva kuti zvigozounganidzwa pasina kugadziridzwa kwega. Conveyor assembly inogoneka chete kana zvikamu zvese zvakabatana. Avo vanogadzira nekuvaka injini vanofanirwa kufunga kuti voiisa sei kumuviri kana furemu. Avo vanogadzira mabhureki vanofanira kufunga nezvemavhiri, zvichingodaro. Zvimwe chetezvo zvinofanira kuva zvechokwadi nesoftware.
Mugadziri anogadzira bhizinesi logic kana mushandisi interface anofanirwa kufunga nezve dhatabhesi inochengeta ruzivo rwevatengi, matanho ekuchengetedza kuchengetedza data remushandisi, uye kuti zvese izvi zvichashanda sei kana sevhisi ikatanga kushandira yakakura, pamwe kunyange mamirioni emadhora-mushandisi vateereri. ."
“Kuita kuti vanhu vabatane uye vafunge nezvezvikamu zvebasa zviri kuitwa nevamwe, pane kungotarisa mabasa avo chete, ndicho chipingamupinyi chikuru chekukunda. Kana iwe uchikwanisa kuita izvi, une mukana wakanaka kwazvo weshanduko yedhijitari, "anowedzera Gur Staff.
5. DevOps ndiyo musanganiswa wakakodzera wevanhu, maitiro uye otomatiki
Jayne Groll, director director weDevOps Institute, akapa mufananidzo wakanaka kutsanangura DevOps. Mumashoko ake, "DevOps yakafanana neresipi ine mapoka matatu makuru ezvigadzirwa: vanhu, maitiro uye otomatiki. Zvizhinji zvezvinhu izvi zvinogona kutorwa kubva kune dzimwe nzvimbo uye zvinyorwa: Lean, Agile, SRE, CI / CD, ITIL, hutungamiri, tsika, zvishandiso. Chakavanzika cheDevOps, senge chero resipi yakanaka, nzira yekuwana zviyero uye musanganiswa weizvi zvinongedzo kuti uwedzere kukurumidza uye kugona kwekugadzira nekuburitsa maapplication. ”
6. DevOps ndipo apo vanogadzira mapurogiramu vanoshanda sechikwata cheFormula 1
"Mujaho hauna kurongwa kubva pakutanga kusvika pakupedzisira, asi zvinopesana, kubva pakupera kusvika pakutanga."
"Kana ndichitaura nezve zvekutarisira kubva kuchirongwa cheDevOps, ndinofunga nezve NASCAR kana Formula 1 timu yemujaho semuenzaniso," anodaro Chris Short, maneja mukuru we cloud platform marketing paRed Hat uye muparidzi weDevOps'ish newsletter. - Mutungamiriri weboka rakadaro ane chinangwa chimwe: kutora nzvimbo yepamusoro-soro pakupera kwenhangemutange, achifunga nezvezviwanikwa zviripo kuchikwata uye matambudziko akawira. Muchiitiko ichi, nhangemutange inorongwa kwete kubva pakutanga kusvika pakupedzisira, asi zvakasiyana, kubva pakupedzisira kusvika pakutanga. Kutanga, chinangwa chekuda chinzvimbo chinoiswa, uye ipapo nzira dzekuchizadzisa dzinotarwa. Ipapo vanopatsanurwa kuita subtasks vopihwa kunhengo dzechikwata. "
“Chikwata chinopedza svondo rose mujaho usati waitwa uchigadzirisa gomba. Anoita kurovedza simba uye cardio kuti arambe ari muchimiro chezuva rinorema remujaho. Dzidzira kushanda pamwe chete kugadzirisa chero matambudziko angamuka panguva yenhangemutange. Saizvozvowo, timu yekuvandudza inofanirwa kudzidzisa hunyanzvi hwekuburitsa shanduro nyowani nguva zhinji. Kana iwe uine hunyanzvi hwakadaro uye inoshanda zvakanaka chengetedzo system, kutangwa kweshanduro nyowani mukugadzira kunoitikawo kazhinji. Mukuona kwenyika iyi, kukurumidza kukurumidza kunoreva kuchengetedzwa kwakawedzerwa,” anodaro Short.
“Hakusi kuita ‘chinhu chakarurama,’” Short anowedzera, “ndechokubvisa zvinhu zvakawanda sezvinobvira zvinomira munzira yomugumisiro unoshuviwa. Batira pamwe uye gadzirisa zvinoenderana nemhinduro yaunogamuchira munguva chaiyo. Iva wakagadzirira anomalies uye shanda kuvandudza mhando kuderedza maitiro avo pakufambira mberi kune chinangwa chako. Izvi ndizvo zvakatimirira munyika yeDevOps. "
Maitiro ekuyera DevOps: 10 matipi kubva kunyanzvi
Ingori kuti DevOps uye misa DevOps zvinhu zvakasiyana zvachose. Tichakuudza kuti ungakunda sei zvipingamupinyi munzira kubva kune yekutanga kusvika kune yechipiri.
Kune masangano mazhinji, rwendo rwekuDevOps runotanga zviri nyore uye zvinofadza. Zvikwata zvidiki zvine shungu zvinogadzirwa, maitiro ekare anotsiviwa neatsva, uye budiriro yekutanga haina kunonoka kuuya.
Maiwe, iyi ingori manyepo enhema, manyepo ekufambira mberi, anodaro Ben Grinnell, maneja maneja uye mukuru wedhijitari pakubvunzana North Highland. Kuhwina kwekutanga kunokurudzira, asi hazvibatsire kuzadzisa chinangwa chekupedzisira chekugamuchirwa kwakapararira kweDevOps musangano rese.
Zviri nyore kuona kuti mhedzisiro itsika yekuparadzanisa pakati pe "isu" ne "ivo".
"Kazhinji, masangano anotanga mapurojekiti aya ekutanga achifunga kuti achagadzira nzira yeDevOps huru, pasina kufunga kuti vamwe vachakwanisa here kana kuti vanoda kutevera nzira iyoyo," anotsanangura kudaro Ben Grinnell. - Mapoka ekuita mapurojekiti akadaro anowanzo kutorwa kubva kune vanozvivimba "Varangi" vakatoita zvakafanana mune dzimwe nzvimbo, asi vatsva kusangano rako. Panguva imwecheteyo, vanokurudzirwa kuputsa uye kuparadza mitemo inoramba ichisunga kune vamwe vose. Zviri nyore kuona kuti mhedzisiro itsika ye "isu" uye "ivo" inodzivisa kuendeswa kwezivo uye hunyanzvi.
"Uye dambudziko retsika iri chimwe chezvikonzero nei DevOps inonetsa kuyera. Zvikwata zveDevOps zviri kutarisana nekuwedzera kwehunyanzvi matambudziko akajairwa nekukurumidza kukura IT-kutanga makambani, "akadaro Steve Newman, muvambi uye sachigaro weScalyr.
“Munyika yanhasi, mabasa anochinja panongodiwa. Zvakanaka kugara uchiita uye kuita zvinhu zvitsva, asi kuronga maitiro aya uye kubvisa matambudziko anomuka ndeye musoro chaiwo, anowedzera Steve Newman. -Mumasangano ari kukurumidza kukurumidza, mainjiniya ari muzvikwata-zvinoshanda zvinonetsekana kuchengetedza kuoneka kuve shanduko uye mhedzisiro inogadzira padanho rekutsamira. Uyezve, mainjiniya haafare kana vakanyimwa mukana uyu uye, somuuyo, zvinovaomera zvikuru kuti vanzwisise musimboti wezvinetso zvinomuka.”
Nzira yekukunda sei matambudziko atsanangurwa pamusoro uye kutamira kune vakawanda kutorwa kweDevOps musangano hombe? Nyanzvi dzinokurudzira kushivirira, kunyangwe kana chinangwa chako chekupedzisira chiri kukurumidza kusimudzira software yako kutenderera uye bhizinesi maitiro.
1. Yeuka kuti kuchinja kwetsika kunotora nguva.
Jayne Groll, Executive Director, DevOps Institute: "Sekuona kwangu, kuwedzera kweDevOps kunofanirwa kunge kuri kuwedzera uye kudzokororwa sekukura kwekare (uye zvine chekuita netsika). Agile uye DevOps inosimbisa zvikwata zvidiki. Asi zvikwata izvi pazvinokura muhuwandu uye nekubatanidzwa, tinopedzisira tave nevanhu vazhinji vachitora nzira nyowani dzekushanda, uye nekudaro pane shanduko huru yetsika. "
2. Shandisa nguva yakakwana kuronga uye kusarudza chikuva
Eran Kinsbruner, Lead Technical Evangelist kuPerfecto: "Kuti zvikwiridze kushanda, zvikwata zveDevOps zvinofanirwa kutanga zvadzidza kubatanidza maitiro echinyakare, maturusi, uye hunyanzvi, uyezve zvishoma nezvishoma kurera nekudzikamisa chikamu chega chega cheDevOps. Izvo zvese zvinotanga nekunyatsoronga nyaya dzevashandisi uye kukosha nzizi, zvichiteverwa nekunyora software uye vhezheni kutonga uchishandisa trunk-based kusimudzira kana dzimwe nzira dzakanyatsokodzera bazi uye kubatanidza kodhi.
"Zvino kunouya iyo yekubatanidza uye yekuyedza nhanho, uko scalable chikuva che automation chiri kutodiwa. Apa ndipo pazvakakosha kuti zvikwata zveDevOps zvisarudze chikuva chakakodzera chinokodzera hunyanzvi hwavo uye zvinangwa zvekupedzisira zvepurojekiti.
Chikamu chinotevera kuendesa kune kugadzirwa uye izvi zvinofanirwa kuve zvakazara otomatiki uchishandisa orchestration maturusi uye midziyo. Izvo zvakakosha kuve neyakaomeswa nharaunda pamatanho ese eDevOps (yekugadzira simulator, QA nharaunda, uye chaiyo yekugadzira nharaunda) uye gara uchishandisa chete yazvino data yebvunzo kuti uwane mhedzisiro yakakodzera. Analytics inofanirwa kuve yakangwara uye inokwanisa kugadzirisa data hombe nekukurumidza uye kuita mhinduro. "
3. Bvisa mhosva pamutoro.
Gordon Haff, RedHat Evangelist: "Kugadzira sisitimu nemhepo inobvumira uye inokurudzira kuyedza inobvumira izvo zvinozivikanwa sekukundikana kwakabudirira mukuvandudza software. Izvi hazvirevi kuti hapana mumwe munhu ane mhosva yekukundikana. Kutaura zvazviri, kuziva kuti ndiani ane mhosva kunotova nyore, sezvo “kuva nemhosva” kusingacharevi “kukonzera tsaona.” Ndiko kuti, musimboti wemutoro unoshanduka zvakanaka. Zvinhu zvina zvinova zvakakosha: kuwanda kwekuvhiringidza, maitiro, maitiro ekugadzira uye zvinokurudzira. " (Unogona kuverenga zvakawanda nezvezvinhu izvi mune chinyorwa chaGordon Huff "DevOps zvidzidzo: 4 maficha ekuyedza zvine hutano.")
4. Bvisa nzira yekuenda mberi
Ben Grinnell, maneja maneja uye mukuru wedhijitari pakubvunzana North Highland: "Kuti ndiwane chiyero, ndinokurudzira kutanga chirongwa che" kuchenesa nzira "pamwe chete nemapurojekiti ekupayona. Chinangwa chechirongwa ichi ndechekuchenesa marara anosiiwa nemapiyona eDevOps, semitemo yechinyakare nezvimwe zvakadaro, kuti nzira yekuenda mberi irambe yakajeka. "
“Ipai vanhu tsigiro yesangano nekusimbaradza kuburikidza nekurukurirano inodarika boka remapiyona kuburikidza nekupemberera zvakanyanya kubudirira kwenzira itsva dzekushanda. Rovedza vanhu vanobatanidzwa mune inotevera wave yemapurojekiti eDevOps uye vanotya nezvekushandisa DevOps kekutanga. Uye yeuka kuti vanhu ava vakasiyana chaizvo nemapiyona.”
5. Democratize zvishandiso
Steve Newman, muvambi uye sachigaro weScalyr: “Zvishandiso hazvifanirwe kuvanzika kuvanhu, uye zvinofanirwa kunge zviri nyore kudzidza kune chero munhu anoda kuisa nguva. Kana kugona kubvunza matanda kwakaganhurirwa kune vanhu vatatu "vakabvumidzwa" kushandisa chishandiso, iwe unogara uine huwandu hwevanhu vatatu varipo kugadzirisa dambudziko, kunyangwe uine yakakura kwazvo komputa nharaunda. Mune mamwe mazwi, pane bhodhoro pano rinogona kutungamira kune zvakakomba (bhizinesi) mhedzisiro. "
6. Gadzira mamiriro akanaka ekushanda kweboka
Tom Clark, mukuru weCommon Platform kuITV: “Unogona kuita chero chinhu, asi kwete zvese kamwechete. Saka gadza nharidzano huru, tanga zvishoma, uye enda kumberi nokukurumidza. Nokufamba kwenguva, uchava nemukurumbira wokuita zvinhu, saka vamwe vachada kushandisawo nzira dzako. Uye usanetseka nezve kuvaka timu inoshanda zvakanyanya. Pane kudaro, ipai vanhu mamiriro ekushanda akanaka uye kushanda nesimba kunozotevera. ”
7. Usakanganwa nezveConway's Law uye Kanban mabhodhi
Logan Daigle, Mutungamiriri weSoftware Delivery uye DevOps Strategy paCollabNetVersionOne: “Zvakakosha kunzwisisa mhedzisiro yeMutemo weConway. Muchirevo changu chakasununguka, mutemo uyu unotaura kuti zvigadzirwa zvatinogadzira uye maitiro atinoshandisa kuita kudaro, kusanganisira DevOps, anozove akaumbwa nenzira yakafanana nesangano redu. "
"Kana paine akawanda masilos musangano, uye kutonga kuchichinja maoko kakawanda pakuronga, kuvaka uye kuburitsa software, mhedzisiro yekuyera ichave zero kana yenguva pfupi. Kana sangano rakavaka zvikwata-zvinoshanda zvakatenderedza zvigadzirwa zvinopihwa mari nechinangwa chemusika, saka mikana yekubudirira inowedzera zvakanyanya. "
"Chimwe chinhu chakakosha pakuyera kuratidza basa rese riri kuenderera mberi (WIP, workinprogress) pamabhodhi eKanban. Kana sangano riine nzvimbo yekuti vanhu vaone zvinhu izvi, rinokurudzira zvakanyanya kubatana, izvo zvine chekuita nekukura. "
8. Tsvaka mavanga ekare
Manuel Pais, DevOps chipangamazano uye co-munyori weTeam Topology: "Kutora maitiro eDevOps kupfuura Dev uye Ops pachayo uye kuedza kuashandisa kune mamwe mabasa haisi nzira yakakwana. Izvi zvichave nemhedzisiro (semuenzaniso, ne automating manual control), asi zvakawanda zvinogona kuwanikwa kana tikatanga nekunzwisisa mabudiro uye maitiro emhinduro. "
"Kana paine mavanga echinyakare muIT system yesangano - maitiro uye manejimendi akashandiswa nekuda kwezviitiko zvakapfuura, asi akarasikirwa nekukosha kwawo (nekuda kwekuchinja kwezvigadzirwa, matekinoroji kana maitiro) - saka zvechokwadi anofanirwa kubviswa. kana kugadziridzwa, pane kuita otomatiki maitiro asina kunaka kana asina basa. ”
9. Usabereke DevOps sarudzo
Anthony Edwards, Mutungamiriri weKushanda paEggplant: "DevOps inguva isina kujeka, saka timu yega yega inopedzisira yave neyayo vhezheni yeDevOps. Uye hapana chakaipisisa kana sangano riine makumi maviri emhando dzeDevOps dzisingawirirane zvakanyanya. Izvo hazvigoneke kuti chimwe nechimwe chezvikwata zvitatu zvekusimudzira ive neyavo, yakakosha interface pakati pebudiriro uye manejimendi yechigadzirwa. Zvakare zvigadzirwa hazvifanirwe kuve nezvazvo zvakasarudzika tarisiro yekubata mhinduro kana yaendeswa kune yekugadzira simulator. Zvikasadaro, haufe wakakwanisa kuyera DevOps. "
10. Paridza kukosha kwebhizimisi reDevOps
Steve Newman, muvambi uye sachigaro weScalyr: "Shanda kuona kukosha kweDevOps. Dzidza uye unzwe wakasununguka kutaura pamusoro pezvakanakira zvaunoita. DevOps inguva inoshamisa uye inochengetedza mari (chingofunga: kushomeka nguva, ipfupi inoreva nguva yekupora), uye zvikwata zveDevOps zvinofanirwa kusimbisa zvisinganeti (uye kuparidza) kukosha kwezvirongwa izvi mukubudirira kwebhizinesi. Nenzira iyi unogona kuwedzera denderedzwa revateveri uye kuwedzera pesvedzero yeDevOps musangano. "
BONUS
pamusoro Yedu maDevOps ichasvika munaGunyana 13 - hongu, Red Hat, semugadziri wesoftware, ine zvikwata zvayo zveDevOps uye maitiro.
Injiniya wedu Mark Birger, anogadzira emukati otomatiki masevhisi emamwe mapoka musangano rese, achataura nyaya yake muRussia yakachena - sei Red Hat DevOps timu yakatama zvikumbiro kubva kuHat Virtualization chaiyo nharaunda inotungamirwa neAnsible kune yakazara-yakazara mudziyo fomati pa. iyo OpenShift chikuva.
Asi handizvo zvoga:
Kana masangano angotamisa mitoro yebasa kumidziyo, nzira dzekutarisa dzechinyakare dzekushandisa dzinogona kusashanda. Muhurukuro yechipiri tichatsanangura chikonzero chedu chekushandura nzira yatinonyora uye kuratidza kuenderera mberi kwegwara rakatitungamirira kune nzira dzemazuva ano dzekutema nekuongorora.
Source: www.habr.com