Chati yaGartner yakafanana neyepamusoro fashoni show kune avo vari muindasitiri yetekinoroji. Nekuzvitarisa, unogona kufanoziva kuti ndeapi mazwi anonyanya kufarirwa mwaka uno uye zvauchanzwa pamisangano yese iri kuuya.

Taona zviri kuseri kwemazwi akanaka ari mugirafu iyi kuti iwe ugone kutaurawo mutauro wacho.

Kutanga, mazwi mashoma ekuti rudzii rwegirafu iyi. Gore rega rega muna Nyamavhuvhu, iyo yekubvunza agency Gartner inoburitsa chirevo - Gartner Hype Curve. MuchiRussian, iyi i "hype curve," kana, zviri nyore, hype. Makore 30 apfuura, vaimbi ve<em>rap veboka rePublic Enemy vakaimba kuti: “Musadavire manyepo.” Zvitende kana kwete, mubvunzo wega, asi zvakakosha kuti uzive aya mazwi makuru kana ukashanda mundima yetekinoroji uye uchida kuziva mafambiro epasirese.

Iyi igirafu yezvinotarisirwa neveruzhinji kubva kune imwe tekinoroji. Sekureva kwaGartner, zvine musoro, tekinoroji inoenda nematanho mashanu: kutanga tekinoroji, kukwirira kwetarisiro yakakwira, mupata wekuodzwa mwoyo, materu ekuvhenekerwa, bani rekubudirira. Asi zvinoitikawo kuti inonyura mu "mupata wekuodzwa mwoyo" - iwe unogona kurangarira mienzaniso iwe pachako zviri nyore, tora ma bitcoins akafanana: pakutanga achirova peak se "mari yeramangwana", ivo vakakurumidza kutsvedza pasi kana kukanganisa kwehunyanzvi. zvakava pachena, kutanga pane zvese zvirambidzo pahuwandu hwekutengeserana uye huwandu hukuru hwemagetsi anodiwa kugadzira bitcoins (izvo zvinotosanganisira matambudziko ezvakatipoteredza). Uye zvechokwadi, hatifanire kukanganwa kuti Gartner's chart ingori fungidziro: pano, semuenzaniso, iwe unogona kuverenga yakadzama. chinyorwa, uko kufanotaura kusingazadziki kunoshamisa kunorongwa.

Saka, ngatiendei pamusoro peiyo Gartner chati itsva. Tekinoroji dzakakamurwa kuita 5 hombe thematic mapoka:

1. Yepamberi AI uye Analytics
2. Postclassical Compute uye Comms
3. Sensing uye Mobility
4. Augmented Human
5. Digital Ecosystems

1. Advanced AI uye Analytics

Kwemakore gumi apfuura takaona awa yakanakisa yekudzidza kwakadzama. Manetiweki aya anonyatso shanda kune awo akasiyana emabasa. Muna 10, Yann LeCun, Geoffrey Hinton naYoshua Bengio vakagamuchira Mubairo weTuring wezvavakawana - mubairo une mukurumbira, wakafanana nemubairo weNobel musainzi yekombuta. Saka, maitiro makuru munzvimbo ino, anoratidzwa pane chati:

1.1. Kutamisa Kudzidza

Iwe haudzidzise neural network kubva kutanga, asi tora yakatodzidziswa uye ugoipa chimwe chinangwa. Dzimwe nguva izvi zvinoda kudzokorora chikamu chetiweki, asi kwete network yese, iyo inokurumidza kukurumidza. Semuenzaniso, kutora yakagadzirira-yakagadzirwa neural network ResNet50, yakadzidziswa paImageNet1000 dataset, iwe unowana algorithm inokwanisa kurongedza zvinhu zvakawanda zvakasiyana mumufananidzo padanho rakadzika kwazvo (makirasi zana anoenderana nemaitiro anogadzirwa ne1000 akaturikidzana network). Asi haufanirwe kudzidzisa iyo network yese, izvo zvingatora mwedzi.

В online course Samsung "Neural network uye kuona komputa", semuenzaniso, mune yekupedzisira Kaggle task nekuiswa kwema plates kuti ave akachena uye ane tsvina, nzira inoratidzwa kuti mumaminetsi mashanu inokupa iwe kwaunogona yakadzika neural network inokwanisa kusiyanisa mahwendefa ane tsvina kubva kune akachena, akavakwa zvinoenderana nemavakirwo atsanangurwa pamusoro. Iyo yekutanga network yaisaziva kuti mahwendefa aive api zvachose, yakangodzidza kusiyanisa shiri nembwa (ona ImageNet).

Source: online course Samsung "Neural network uye kuona komputa"

PaKuendesa Kudzidza iwe unofanirwa kuziva kuti ndedzipi nzira dzinoshanda uye ndeapi akagadzirira-akagadzirwa ekutanga ekuvaka anowanikwa. Pakazere, izvi zvinomhanyisa zvakanyanya kubuda kweanoshanda mashandisirwo ekudzidza muchina.

1.2. Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN)

Izvi ndezvezviitiko izvo pazvinenge zvakaoma kuti isu tigadzire chinangwa chekudzidza. Iyo iri pedyo nebasa iri kune hupenyu chaihwo, iyo inonyanya kunzwisiswa kwatiri ("uya netafura yemubhedha"), asi zvakanyanya kuoma kuigadzira sebasa rehunyanzvi. GAN ingori kuyedza kutinunura kubva mudambudziko iri.

Pane network mbiri dziri kushanda pano: imwe ijenareta (Generative), imwe inosarura (Adversarial). Imwe network inodzidza kuita basa rinobatsira (kuronga mifananidzo, kuziva manzwi, kudhirowa katuni). Uye imwe network inodzidza kudzidzisa iyo network: ine mienzaniso chaiyo, uye inodzidza kuwana yaimbove isingazivikanwe yakaoma fomula yekuenzanisa zvigadzirwa zveiyo generative chikamu chetiweki nezvinhu zvepasirese (seti yekudzidzisa) zvichibva pane zvakakosha zvakadzika maitiro. : nhamba yemaziso, padyo nemaitiro eMiyazaki, mataurirwo echiRungu akarurama.

Muenzaniso wemhedzisiro yetiweki yekugadzira anime mavara. Chinhu

Asi, hongu, zvakaoma kuvaka zvivakwa ipapo. Hazvina kukwana kungokanda neuroni, dzinoda kugadzirira. Uye unofanira kudzidza kwemavhiki. Vandinoshanda navo kuSamsung Artificial Intelligence Center vari kushanda pane iyo GAN musoro; uyu ndiwo mumwe wemibvunzo yavo yakakosha yekutsvagisa. Somuenzaniso, zvakadai budiriro: kushandisa generative network kugadzira mapikicha echokwadi evanhu vane akasiyana anomisikidza - semuenzaniso, kugadzira kamuri yekukodzera, kana kubatanidza kumeso, izvo zvinogona kuderedza huwandu hweruzivo rwunoda kuchengetwa kana kufambiswa kuti ive nechokwadi chemhando yepamusoro vhidhiyo. kutaurirana, kutepfenyura kana kuchengetedza data rako pachako.

Chinhu

1.3. Inotsanangurwa AI

Kune mamwe mabasa asingawanzo, kufambira mberi mune zvakadzika zvivakwa zvakangoerekana zvaunza kugona kweakadzika neural network padyo nekugona kwevanhu. Ikozvino kurwa kuri kuenderera mberi kuwedzera huwandu hwemabasa akadaro. Semuyenzaniso, robhoti vacuum cleaner inokwanisa kusiyanisa zviri nyore katsi nembwa pamusangano wakanangana. Asi mumamiriro ezvinhu ehupenyu huzhinji, haazokwanisi kuwana kati yakarara pakati perineni kana fenicha (zvisinei, sesu, kazhinji ...).

Ndechipi chikonzero chekubudirira kweakadzika neural network? Vanogadzira chinomiririra dambudziko zvichibva kwete paruzivo “runoonekwa nemaziso” (mapikicha epikicha, shanduko yevhoriyamu…), asi pazvinhu zvinowanikwa mushure mekugadzirisa ruzivo urwu nemazana akati wandei eneural network. Nehurombo, hukama uhwu hunogonawo kunge husina zvahunoreva, husingawirirani, kana kutakura zvisaririra zvekusakwana mune yekutanga data set. Semuenzaniso, pane diki mutambo wekombuta nezve izvo kushandiswa zvisina musoro kweAI mukutsvaga kunogona kutungamirira kune Kupona Kwekunaka Kwakanakisisa.

Iyo image tagging system yaiti munhu arikubika semukadzi, kunyangwe munhu ari pamufananidzo ari murume (Chinhu) it akacherechedza kuVirginia Institute.

Kuongorora hukama hwakaoma uye hwakadzama hwatinowanzo tadza kuzvigadzira pachedu, Inotsanangurwa nzira dzeAI dzinodiwa. Ivo vanoronga maficha eyakadzika neural network kuitira kuti mushure mekudzidziswa, isu tinokwanisa kuongorora iyo yemukati inomiririra iyo network yakadzidza, pane kungovimba nesarudzo yayo.

1.4. Edge Analytics / AI

Zvese zvine izwi rekuti Edge zvinoreva zvinotevera: kuendesa chikamu chealgorithms kubva pagore / server kuenda kune yekupedzisira mudziyo / gedhi level. Iyo algorithm yakadaro ichashanda nekukurumidza uye haizodi kubatana kune yepakati server yekushanda kwayo. Kana iwe uchiziva nezvekubviswa kwe "mutengi mutete," saka pano tiri kuita kuti mutengi uyu awedzere kukora.
Izvi zvinogona kuve zvakakosha kune Internet yezvinhu. Semuenzaniso, kana muchina wakanyanya kupisa uye uchida kutonhora, zvine musoro kuratidza izvi nekukasira, padanho rekudyara, pasina kumirira kuti data riende kugore uye kubva ipapo kuenda kumukuru wekuchinja. Kana mumwe muenzaniso: mota dzinozvityaira dzinogona kuona mamiriro etraffic ega, pasina kubata sevha yepakati.

Chinhu

Kana mumwe muenzaniso wekuti nei izvi zvakakosha kubva pakuona kwekuchengetedza: paunonyora zvinyorwa pafoni yako, inoyeuka mazwi akajairwa kwauri, kuitira kuti gare gare iyo keyboard yefoni igone kukukurudzira iwe navo - izvi zvinonzi kufungidzira. text input. Kutumira zvese zvaunonyora pakhibhodi yako kune data center kumwe kunenge kuri kukanganisa kuvanzika kwako uye kungove kusina kuchengeteka. Naizvozvo, kudzidziswa kwekhibhodi kunoitika chete mukati memudziyo wako pachako.

1.5. AI Platform seSevhisi (AI PaaS)

PaaS - Platform-as-a-Service imhando yebhizinesi umo isu tinowana mukana kune yakasanganiswa chikuva, kusanganisira yayo-yakavakirwa-yakavakirwa data kuchengetedza uye yakagadzirira-yakagadzirwa maitiro. Nenzira iyi, tinogona kuzvisunungura kubva kumabasa ezvivakwa uye kutarisisa zvizere kugadzira chimwe chinhu chinobatsira. Muenzaniso wePaaS mapuratifomu eAI mabasa: IBM Cloud, Microsoft Azure, Amazon Machine Kudzidza, Google AI Platform.

1.6. Adaptive Machine Learning (Adaptive ML)

Zvakadini kana tikarega hungwaru hwekugadzira hugadzirise ... Unobvunza - ndiko kuti, sei? .. Haisi kutogadzirisa kune basa? Dambudziko nderekuti: isu tinogadzira zvine hunyanzvi dambudziko rega rega rakadaro tisati tavaka algorithm yehungwaru yekurigadzirisa. Vachakupindura - zvinozoitika kuti ketani iyi inogona kurerutswa.

Kudzidza muchina kwakajairika kunoshanda pamusimboti weyakavhurika-loop: iwe unogadzirira data, unouya neneural network (kana chero chinhu), chitima, wobva watarisa akati wandei zviratidzo, uye kana uchida zvese, unogona kutumira neural network kune smartphones. kugadzirisa matambudziko emushandisi. Asi mumashandisirwo ane data rakawanda uye chimiro chayo zvishoma nezvishoma chinoshanduka, dzimwe nzira dzinodiwa. Masisitimu akadaro, anogadzirisa uye anozvidzidzisa, akarongwa kuita akavharika, anozvidzidzira zvishwe (akavharwa-loop), uye anofanirwa kushanda zvakanaka.

Zvishandiso - izvi zvinogona kunge zviri kuyerera analytics (Stream Analytics), pahwaro hwekuti vazhinji vemabhizinesi vanoita sarudzo, kana inogadzirisa kugadzirwa kwekugadzirisa. Pachiyero chezvishandiso zvazvino uye nekupihwa njodzi dzinonzwisiswa zvirinani kuvanhu, matekiniki anoumba mhinduro kudambudziko iri ese anounganidzwa pasi peizwi rekuti Adaptive AI.

Chinhu

Kutarisa pamufananidzo uyu, zvakaoma kubvisa manzwiro ekuti usadyisa futurologists chingwa - regai vadzidzise robot kufema ...

Postclassical Compute uye Comms

2.1. Nharembozha yechizvarwa chechishanu (5G)

Iyi inyaya inonakidza zvekuti isu tinobva takuendesa kune yedu chinyorwa. Zvakanaka, heino pfupiso pfupi. 5G, nekuwedzera kuwanda kwekufambiswa kwedata, ichaita kuti Internet imhanye zvisingaite nekukurumidza. Izvo zvakanyanya kuoma kuti masaisai mapfupi apfuure nezvipingamupinyi, saka dhizaini yetiweki ichave yakasiyana zvachose: 500 times more base stations inodiwa.

Pamwe nekumhanya, isu tichawana zviitiko zvitsva: chaiyo-nguva mitambo ine augmented real, kuita mabasa akaomarara (sekuvhiya) kuburikidza ne telepresence, kudzivirira tsaona uye mamiriro akaoma mumigwagwa kuburikidza nekutaurirana pakati pemakina. Pane imwe prosaic note: mobile Internet inozopedzisira yamira kudonha panguva yezviitiko zvakawanda, senge mutambo munhandare.

Mufananidzo tsime - Reuters, Niantic

2.2. Chinotevera-chizvarwa Memory

Pano tiri kutaura nezve chizvarwa chechishanu che RAM - DDR5. Samsung yakazivisa kuti DDR2019-yakavakirwa zvigadzirwa zvichave zviripo mukupera kwa5. Zvinotarisirwa kuti ndangariro itsva ichave yakapetwa kaviri nekukurumidza uye nekaviri secapacious tichichengetedza yakafanana fomu chinhu, ndiko kuti, isu tichakwanisa kuwana memory sticks ine huwandu hunosvika 32GB hwekombuta yedu. Mune ramangwana, izvi zvichanyanya kukosha kune smartphones (iyo nyowani ndangariro ichave mune yakaderera-simba vhezheni) uye yelaptops (uko huwandu hweDIMM slots hushoma). Uye kudzidza muchina kunodawo huwandu hukuru hwe RAM.

2.3. Yakaderera-Earth-Orbit Satellite Systems

Pfungwa yekutsiva inorema, inodhura, ine simba satellite ine pungwe diki uye yakachipa iri kure nekutsva uye yakaonekwa kumashure kuma90s. Nezve chii "Elon Musk achakurumidza kugovera Internet kumunhu wese kubva satellite" Zvino simbe chete hadzina kunzwa. Kambani ine mukurumbira pano iIridium, iyo yakabhuroka mukupera kwe90s, asi yakaponeswa nemutengo weDhipatimendi reDziviriro reUS (kwete kuvhiringika neRidium, iyo Russian smart home system). Elon Musk's project (Starlink) iri kure neyoga - Richard Branson (OneWeb - 1440 yakarongwa satellites), Boeing (3000 satellites), Samsung (4600 satellites), uye vamwe vari kutora chikamu mumujaho wesatellite.

Kuti zvinhu zvakamira sei munzvimbo ino, kuti hupfumi hunoratidzika sei ipapo - verenga mukati review. Uye isu takamirira bvunzo dzekutanga dzeaya masisitimu nevashandisi vekutanga, izvo zvinofanirwa kuitika gore rinouya.

2.4. Nanoscale 3D Printing

3D kudhinda, kunyangwe isina kupinda muhupenyu hwemunhu wese (muchimiro chakavimbiswa nemunhu wega epurasitiki fekitori yemumba), zvakadaro yakasiya kare tekinoroji niche ye geeks. Iwe unogona kutonga nechokwadi chokuti mwana wechikoro wese anoziva nezvekuvapo kweinenge 3D mapeni akavezwa, uye vazhinji vanorota kutenga bhokisi nevamhanyi uye extruder ye ... "saizvozvo" (kana kuti vakatozvitenga).

Stereolithography (laser 3D printers) inobvumira kudhinda nemafotoni ega: mapolymer matsva ari kuongororwa anongoda mafotoni maviri kuti asimbise. Izvi zvichabvumira, mumamiriro ezvinhu asiri erabhoritari, kugadzira mafirita matsva zvachose, makomo, zvitubu, capillaries, lenzi uye ... sarudzo dzako mumashoko! Uye pano haisi kure ne photopolymerization - chete tekinoroji iyi inotitendera "kudhinda" processors uye computing maseketi. Mukuwedzera, rino harisi gore rokutanga kuti kwave tekinoroji yekudhinda graphene 500 nm matatu-dimensional zvimiro, asi pasina kukura kukuru.

Chinhu

3. Sensing uye Mobility

3.1. Autonomous Driving Level 4 & 5

Kuti urege kuvhiringika muizwi, zvakakodzera kuti unzwisise kuti ndeapi mazinga ekuzvimiririra anosiyaniswa (akatorwa kubva kune yakadzama zvinyorwa, kwatinonongedza vese vanofarira):

Level 1: Cruise control: inobatsira mutyairi mumamiriro mashoma (semuenzaniso, kubata mota nekumhanya kwakapihwa mushure mekunge mutyairi abvisa tsoka yake padanda)
Chikamu chechipiri: Rubatsiro rwekutungamirira uye bhureki shoma. Mutyairi anofanira kunge akagadzirira kudzora zvinhu ipapo ipapo. Maoko ake ari pachidhiraivho, maziso ake akatarira kumugwagwa. Ichi chimwe chinhu icho Tesla naGeneral Motors vatove nacho.
Level 3: Mutyairi haachafaniri kugara akatarisa mugwagwa. Asi anofanira kuramba akangwarira uye akagadzirira kudzora. Ichi chimwe chinhu icho motokari dzinowanikwa mune zvekutengesa dzisati dzave nazvo. Vese varipo parizvino vari palevel 1-2.
Level 4: Yechokwadi autopilot, asi ine zvirambidzo: chete nzendo munzvimbo inozivikanwa yakanyatso kurongwa mepu uye inowanzo zivikanwa kuhurongwa, uye pasi pemamwe mamiriro: semuenzaniso, pasina chando. Waymo naGeneral Motors vane prototypes akadaro, uye vanoronga kuamisa mumaguta akati wandei uye kuvayedza munzvimbo chaidzo. Yandex ine nzvimbo dzekuyedza dzemataxi asina kujairika muSkolkovo neInnopolis: rwendo rwunoitika pasi pekutariswa kweinjiniya akagara pachigaro chemufambi; pakupera kwegore, kambani inoronga kuwedzera zvikepe zvayo kusvika kumotokari dze100 dzisina munhu.
Level 5: Yakazara otomatiki kutyaira, kutsiva kwakazara kwemutyairi mupenyu. Maitiro akadaro haapo, uye haafanire kuoneka mumakore anotevera.

Ndezvechokwadi sei kuona zvose izvi mune ramangwana rinofanoona? Pano ndinoda kudzosera muverengi kuchinyorwa "Nei zvisingaite kuvhura robhoti panosvika 2020, sekuvimbisa kwaTesla". Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekushaikwa kwe5G yekubatanidza: inowanikwa 4G kumhanya haina kukwana. Zvimwe nekuda kwemutengo wakanyanya wemotokari dzinozvimiririra: ivo havasati vaita purofiti, iyo bhizinesi modhi haina kujeka. Muchidimbu, "zvese zvakaoma" pano, uye hazvina kuitika kuti Gartner anonyora kuti fungidziro yekushandiswa kwehuwandu hweNhamba 4 ne5 haina kutanga kupfuura mumakore gumi.

3.2. 3D Sensing Makamera

Makore masere apfuura, Microsoft's Kinect yemitambo controller yakagadzira mafungu nekupa inosvikika uye isingadhure mhinduro kune 3D chiono. Kubva ipapo, dzidzo yemuviri uye mitambo yekutamba neKinect vakawana kukwira kwavo kupfupi uye kuderera, asi 3D makamera akatanga kushandiswa mumarobhoti eindasitiri, mota dzisina munhu, uye nharembozha yekuzivikanwa kumeso. Iyo tekinoroji yave yakachipa, yakawanda compact uye inowanikwa.

Iyo Samsung S10 foni ine Nguva-ye-Ndege kamera inoyera chinhambwe kuenda kuchinhu kuita kuti kutarisa kuve nyore. Chinhu

Kana iwe uchifarira nyaya iyi, isu tinokuendesa kune yakanyatso tsigiro yeakadzama kamera: chikamu 1, chikamu 2.

3.3. MaDrones ekutakura zvinhu zvidiki (Light Cargo Delivery Drones)

Gore rino, Amazon yakaita mafungu payakaratidza drone itsva inobhururuka pashoo inogona kutakura mitoro midiki inosvika 2 kg. Kune guta rine migwagwa yaro, izvi zvinoita semhinduro yakanaka. Ngationei kuti ma drones aya anoita sei munguva pfupi iri kutevera. Zvichida zvakakosha kuve nekuchenjerera kusahadzika pano: kune matambudziko mazhinji, kutanga nemukana wekuba nyore kweiyo drone, uye kupera nekurambidzwa kwemutemo paUAVs. Amazon Prime Air yanga iripo kwemakore matanhatu asi ichiri muchikamu chekuyedza.

Drone itsva yeAmazon, inoratidzwa muchirimo chino. Pane chimwe chinhu Star Wars pamusoro pake. Chinhu

Pamusoro peAmazon, kune vamwe vatambi mumusika uyu (pane yakadzama ongorora), asi kwete chigadzirwa chimwe chete chakapedzwa: zvese zviri padanho rekuyedza uye kushambadzira mishandirapamwe. Zvakasiyana, zvakakosha kucherechedza zvinonyanya kunakidza nyanzvi dzekurapa zvirongwa muAfrica: kuendeswa kweropa rakapiwa muGhana (14 kuendeswa, kambani yeZipline) neRwanda (kambani yeMatternet).

3.4. Flying Autonomous Vehicles

Zvakaoma kutaura chero chinhu chine chokwadi apa. Sekureva kwaGartner, izvi hazvizoonekwa zvisati zvaitika mumakore gumi. Kazhinji, kune matambudziko ese akafanana pano semumotokari dzinozvityaira, ivo chete vanowana hutsva hutsva - vertical. Porsche, Boeing, uye Uber vazivisa vavariro yavo yekuvaka tekisi inobhururuka.

3.5. Augmented Reality Cloud (AR Cloud)

Iyo yekusingaperi kopi yedhijitari yenyika chaiyo, ichikubvumidza iwe kuti ugadzire iyo itsva layer yechokwadi yakajairika kune vese vashandisi. Mune mamwe matekinoroji mazwi, tiri kutaura nezve kugadzira yakavhurika gore chikuva umo vagadziri vanogona kubatanidza yavo AR maapplication. Iyo monetization modhi yakajeka; imhando yeanalogue yeSteam. Pfungwa iyi yadzika midzi zvekuti vamwe vave kutenda kuti AR isina gore haina basa.

Kuti izvi zvingaratidzika sei mune ramangwana zvinoratidzwa muvhidhiyo pfupi. Inotaridzika sechimwe chikamu cheBlack Mirror:

Unogonawo kuverenga pa ongororo chinyorwa.

4. Augmented Human

4.1. Emotion AI

Nzira yekuyera sei, kutevedzera uye kupindura kune manzwiro evanhu? Vamwe vevatengi pano makambani anoita vabatsiri vezwi seAmazon Alexa. Vanogona kujaira dzimba kana vakadzidza kuziva mamiriro acho: nzwisisa chikonzero chekusagutsikana kwemushandisi, uye edza kugadzirisa mamiriro acho. Kazhinji, kune ruzivo rwakawanda muchirevo kupfuura mumharidzo pachayo. Uye chirevo chitarisiko chechiso, matauriro, uye hunhu husiri hwekutaura.

Zvimwe zvinoshandiswa zvinoshanda: kuongorora manzwiro panguva yekubvunzurudzwa kwebasa (zvichibva pabvunzurudzo dzevhidhiyo), kuongorora maitiro kune zvekutengesa kana zvimwe zvevhidhiyo zvinyorwa (kunyemwerera, kuseka), rubatsiro mukudzidza (somuenzaniso, yekudzidzira kuzvimiririra muunyanzvi hwekutaura pachena).

Zvakaoma kutaura zvirinani pane iyi nyaya pane munyori wefirimu remaminetsi matanhatu Kuba Uri Kunzwa. Vhidhiyo yehungwaru uye yakashongedzwa inoratidza kuti iwe unogona kuyera sei manzwiro edu nekuda kwezvinangwa zvekushambadzira, uye kubva pakuita kwechinguvana kwechiso chako, tsvaga kana iwe uchida pizza, imbwa, Kanye West, uye kunyangwe nhanho yaunowana uye inofungidzirwa IQ. Nekushanyira webhusaiti yemufirimu uchishandisa chinongedzo chiri pamusoro, iwe unotora chikamu muvhidhiyo inopindirana uchishandisa yakavakirwa-mukati kamera yelaptop yako. Iyi firimu yakatoratidzwa pamitambo yakawanda yemafirimu.

Chinhu

Kune kunyange chidzidzo chinonakidza chakadaro: maitiro ekuziva sarcasm mune zvinyorwa. Takatora matweets ane hashtag #sarcasm uye takagadzira seti yekudzidziswa ye25 matweets ane sarcasm uye 000 anogara achingotaura nezve zvese pasi pezuva. Isu takashandisa raibhurari yeTensorFlow, kudzidzisa sisitimu, uye heino mhedzisiro:

Chinhu

Naizvozvo, ikozvino, kana iwe usina chokwadi nezve waunoshanda naye kana shamwari - akataura chimwe chinhu kwauri zvakakomba kana sarcastically, unogona kutoshandisa. akadzidziswa neural network!

4.2. Augmented Intelligence

Automation yebasa rehungwaru uchishandisa nzira dzekudzidza muchina. Zvingaita sepasina chinhu chitsva? Asi iwo mazwi pachawo akakosha pano, kunyanya nekuti anopindirana muchidimbu neArtificial Intelligence. Izvi zvinotidzosera kumagakava nezve "yakasimba" uye "isina simba" AI.
Yakasimba AI ndohumwe hungwaru hwekunyepedzera kubva kumafirimu engano dzesainzi akaenzana zvachose nepfungwa dzemunhu uye anozviziva pachezvake. Izvi hazvisati zvavepo uye hazvizivikanwe kana zvichavepo zvachose.

Weak AI haasi munhu akazvimiririra, asi mubatsiri wevanhu. Haatauri kuti ane mafungiro akafanana nevanhu, asi anongoziva nzira yekugadzirisa matambudziko emashoko, somuenzaniso, kuziva zvinoratidzwa mumufananidzo kana kushandura zvinyorwa.

Chinhu

Mupfungwa iyi, Augmented Intelligence i "AI isina simba" muchimiro chayo chakachena, uye kuumbwa kunoratidzika kunge kwakabudirira, sezvo kusingaunzi kuvhiringidzika uye muedzo wekuona pano imwechete "AI yakasimba" iyo munhu wese anorota (kana kutya, kana rangarira nhaurirano dzakawanda pamusoro pe "motokari dzechimurenga"). Tichishandisa chirevo cheAugmented Intelligence, isu tinobva tangova magamba erimwe firimu: kubva mune zvesainzi ngano (seAsimov's "Ini, Robot") tinozviwana tiri mucyberpunk ("kuwedzeredza" mumhando iyi marudzi ese emaimplants anowedzera kugona kwevanhu).

sei akadaro Erik Brynjolfsson naAndrew McAffee: “Mumakore gumi anotevera, izvi ndizvo zvichaitika. AI haisi kuzotsiva mamaneja, asi iwo mamaneja anoshandisa AI anotsiva avo vasati vazviita. "

mienzaniso:

• Mushonga: Stanford University yakagadzirwa algorithm, uyo anorarama nebasa rekuziva pathologies pachipfuva X-rays paavhareji sekubudirira sevanachiremba vazhinji.
• Dzidzo: rubatsiro kuvadzidzi nevadzidzisi, kuongororwa kwemhinduro dzevadzidzi kune zvigadzirwa, kuvakwa kwenzira yekudzidza yega.
• Bhizinesi analytics: data preprocessing, maererano nehuwandu, inotora 80% yenguva yemuongorori, uye chete 20% yekuedza pachayo.

4.3. Biochips

Iri ndiro dingindira remafirimu nemabhuku e-cyberpunk. Kazhinji, microchipping mhuka dzinovaraidza haisi tsika itsva. Asi ikozvino machipisi aya atanga kuiswa muvanhu.

Muchiitiko ichi, iyo hype inonyanya kuve yakabatana nenyaya inonakidza mukambani yeAmerica Three Square Market. Ikoko, mushandirwi akatanga kugovera machipisi pasi peganda kuti apiwe muripo. Iyo chip inokubvumira kuti uvhure magonhi, pinda mumakomputa, tenga chikafu chekudya kubva kumuchina wekutengesa - ndiko kuti, kadhi yevashandi vepasirese. Uyezve, chip yakadaro inoshanda chaizvo sekadhi rekuzivikanwa; haina GPS module, saka hazvigoneke kuteedzera chero munhu ari kuishandisa. Uye kana munhu achida kubvisa chip kubva paruoko rwake, zvinotora maminitsi mashanu nerubatsiro rwechiremba.

Machipisi anowanzo kuisirwa pakati pechigunwe chechigunwe nechigunwe. Chinhu

Verenga zvimwe chinyorwa nezve mamiriro ezvinhu nekuputika munyika.

4.4. Immersive Workspace

“Kunyura” nderimwe izwi idzva risingagone kutizira. Zviri kwose kwose. Immersive theatre, kuratidzwa, cinema. Unorevei? Kunyudzwa ndiko kusikwa kwekunyudza, kana muganho pakati pemunyori nemuoni, iyo chaiyo uye nyika chaiyo yakarasika. Munzvimbo yebasa, sezvingabvira, izvi zvinoreva kudzima mutsara pakati pemuiti uye muvambi uye kukurudzira vashandi kuti vatore chinzvimbo chekushanda kuburikidza nekugadzirisa nharaunda yavo.

Sezvo isu tave neAgile, kuchinjika, uye kubatana kwepedyo kwese kwese, nzvimbo dzebasa dzinofanirwa kugadzirika zviri nyore sezvinobvira uye dzinofanira kukurudzira basa reboka. Upfumi hunoraira mazwi ayo: kune vashandi venguva pfupi, mari yekurenda nzvimbo yehofisi iri kuwedzera, uye mumakwikwi emusika wevashandi, makambani eIT ari kuedza kuwedzera kugutsikana kwevashandi kubva kubasa nekugadzira nzvimbo dzekuvaraidza uye zvimwe zvikomborero. Uye izvi zvese zvinoratidzwa mukugadzirwa kwenzvimbo dzebasa.

Of chirevo knoll

4.5. Munhu

Wese munhu anoziva chinonzi personalization mukushambadzira. Nhasi ndipo pauri kukurukura nemumwe waunoshanda naye kuti mhepo iri mukamuri yakambooma, uye iwe unofanirwa kutenga humidifier yehofisi, uye zuva rinotevera unoona chiziviso pasocial network yako - "tenga humidifier" (a. chiitiko chaicho chakaitika kwandiri).

Chinhu

Kusarudzika, sekutsanangurwa kwazvinoitwa naGartner, imhinduro kune kushushikana kuri kukura kwevashandisi nezve mashandisiro e data ravo rega nekuda kwezvinangwa zvekushambadzira. Chinangwa ndechekugadzira nzira yatinoratidzwa nayo kushambadza inoenderana nemamiriro atinozviona isu pachedu, uye kwete kwatiri isu pachedu. Semuenzaniso, kwatinogara, rudzi rwechishandiso, nguva yezuva, mamiriro ekunze - ichi chinhu chisingatyore data redu rega, uye isu hatinzwi kunzwa kusingafadzi kwe "kuongororwa".

Verenga pamusoro pemusiyano wepfungwa mbiri idzi chinyorwa Andrew Frank anonyora pawebhusaiti yaGartner. Pane mutsauko wakadzikama uye mazwi akafanana zvekuti iwe, usingazive mutsauko, uri mungozi yekukakavadzana kwenguva yakareba nemutauri wako, usingafungi kuti, kazhinji, zvese zviri zviviri vakarurama (uye ichi zvakare chiitiko chaicho chakaitika kune munyori).

4.6. Biotech - Yakagadzirwa kana Artificial Tissue

Iyi ndiyo, yekutanga, pfungwa yekukura nyama yekugadzira. Panguva imwecheteyo, zvikwata zvakati wandei kutenderera pasirese zvakabatikana kugadzira marabhoritari "Nyama 2.0" - zvinotarisirwa kuti ichave yakachipa kupfuura zvakajairika, uye chikafu chinokurumidza uye masupamaketi achachinjira kwairi. Vanoisa mari mune iyi tekinoroji vanosanganisira Bill Gates, Sergey Brin, Richard Branson nevamwe.

Chinhu

Zvikonzero nei munhu wese achifarira nyama yekugadzira:

1. Global warming: methane emissions kubva kumapurazi. Ichi chikamu che18% chehuwandu hwepasi rose hwemagasi anokanganisa mamiriro ekunze.
2. Kuwedzera kwevanhu. Kudiwa kwenyama kuri kukura, uye hazvizogoneki kudyisa munhu wese nenyama yechisikigo - inongodhura.
3. Kushaya nzvimbo. 70% yemasango eAmazon akatotemerwa mafuro.
4. Pfungwa dzetsika. Kune vakakoshera izvi. Sangano rinorwira kodzero dzemhuka rePETA rakatopa mubairo we$1 miriyoni kunyanzvi yesainzi inounza nyama yehuku kumusika.

Kutsiva nyama chaiyo nesoya mhinduro ine chikamu, nekuti vanhu vanogona kuonga mutsauko wekuravira uye magadzirirwo, uye havagone kusiya steak vachifarira soy. Saka unoda nyama chaiyo, yakasimwa. Iye zvino, zvinosuruvarisa, nyama yakagadzirwa inodhura zvikuru: kubva pamadhora gumi nemaviri pakirogiramu. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuoma kwehunyanzvi maitiro ekukura nyama yakadaro. Verenga pamusoro pazvo zvose chinyorwa.

Kana tikataura nezve dzimwe nyaya dzetishu dzinokura - dzatove mukurapa - ipapo musoro une nhengo dzekugadzira unonakidza: semuenzaniso, "chigamba" chemhasuru yemoyo, rakadhindwa yakakosha 3D printer. Anozivikanwa nhoroondo senge moyo wembeva wakakura, asi kazhinji zvese zvichiri mukati mechikamu chemiyedzo yekiriniki. Saka isu hatigone kuona Frankenstein mumakore anotevera.

Pano Gartner anongwarira zvikuru mufungidziro yake, sezviri pachena achirangarira fungidziro yake yakakundikana 2015 kuti muna 2019, 10% yevagari vari munyika dzakabudirira vaizove ne3D yakadhindwa yekurapa mudziyo wekudyara. Naizvozvo, zvinoreva kuti nguva yekusvika padanho rekubereka ingangoita makore gumi.

5. Digital Ecosystems

5.1. Decentralized Web

Pfungwa iyi inodyidzana zvakanyanya nezita remuvambi wewebhu, muhwina weTuring Award Sir Tim Burners-Lee. Kwaari, mibvunzo yehutsika musayenzi yekombuta yaigara yakakosha uye mubatanidzwa weInternet waive wakakosha: kuisa hwaro hwe hypertext, aive nechokwadi chekuti network inofanira kushanda sewebhu, uye kwete sehumambo. Izvi ndizvo zvakaitika panguva yekutanga yekuvandudza network. Nekudaro, sezvo iyo Internet yakakura, chimiro chayo chakave nechepakati nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakasiyana. Zvakazoitika kuti kupinda kune network kune nyika yese kunogona kuvharika nyore nerubatsiro rwevashoma vanopa. Uye data remushandisi rave sosi yesimba uye mari kumakambani eInternet.

Burners-Lee anoti, “Indaneti yakatorerwa matunhu. "Dambudziko nderekuti injini yekutsvaga, imwe hombe yesocial network, imwe microblogging platform inotonga. Hatina matambudziko eruzivo rwemichina, asi tine zvemagariro."

Mune rake tsamba yakazaruka Kwemakore makumi matatu ekuyeukwa kweWorld Wide Web, mugadziri weWebhu akatsanangura matambudziko matatu makuru eInternet:

1. Kukuvadza kwakanangana sekubira kunotsigirwa nehurumende, kuparwa kwemhosva, uye kushungurudza pamhepo
2. Iyo chaiyo dhizaini yehurongwa, iyo, kune kukanganisa kwemushandisi, inogadzira nzvimbo yemaitiro akadai se: mari yekukurudzira yeclickbait uye kupararira kwehutachiona kwemashoko enhema.
3. Zvisingatarisirwe mhedzisiro yedhizaini yehurongwa inotungamira mukukonana uye kuderedzwa kwemhando yekukurukurirana kwepamhepo

Uye Tim Berners-Lee atove nemhinduro pane izvo misimboti iyo "Internet yeMunhu Ane Utano" inogona kuve yakavakirwa, isina dambudziko nhamba 2: "Kune vashandisi vazhinji, mari yekushambadzira inoramba iri iyo chete modhi yekudyidzana neInternet. Kunyangwe kana vanhu vachitya nezvezvinoitika kune yavo data, ivo vakagadzirira kuita chibvumirano nemuchina wekushambadzira mukana wekugamuchira zvemukati mahara. Fungidzira nyika umo kubhadhara zvinhu nemasevhisi kuri nyore uye kunonakidza kune ese ari maviri." Pakati pesarudzo dzekuti izvi zvinogona kurongwa sei: vaimbi vanogona kutengesa zvinyorwa zvavo pasina vamiriri nenzira yeTunes, uye mawebhusaiti enhau anogona kushandisa hurongwa hwekubhadhara mari pakuverenga chinyorwa chimwe chete, pane kuita mari kubva pakushambadzira.

Semuenzaniso wekuyedza weiyi Internet nyowani, Tim Berners-Lee akatanga chirongwa cheSOLID, chakanyanya ndechekuti iwe unochengeta data rako mu "pod" - chitoro cheruzivo, uye inogona kupa iyi data kune yechitatu-bato zvikumbiro. Asi musimboti, iwe pachako ndiwe masters e data rako. Zvose izvi zvakanyatsoenderana nemafungiro evezera-kune-vezera network, ndiko kuti, komputa yako haingokumbire masevhisi chete, asiwo inovapa, kuti urege kuvimba pane imwe sevha senzira chete.

Chinhu

5.2. Decentralized Autonomous Organizations

Isangano rinotungamirirwa nemitemo yakanyorwa sepurogiramu yekombiyuta. Mabasa ayo emari anobva pane blockchain. Chinangwa chekugadzira masangano akadai ndechekubvisa hurumende kubva pachinzvimbo chemurevereri uye kugadzira nharaunda yakavimbika inovimbika kune vanopikisa, iyo isiri yemunhu chero upi zvake, asi ndeyemunhu wese pamwechete. Ndiko kuti, mune dzidziso, izvi zvinofanirwa, kana iyo pfungwa ikadzika midzi, bvisa notaries uye mamwe akajairwa masangano ekuongorora.

Muenzaniso unonyanya kuzivikanwa wesangano rakadaro waiva wekutsvaga-yakatarisa The DAO, iyo yakasimudza $ 2016 mamiriyoni muna 150, iyo $ 50 yakabva yabiwa pakarepo kuburikidza negomba repamutemo mumitemo. Dambudziko rakaoma rakamuka pakarepo: kana kudzosera shure uye kudzorera mari, kana kubvuma kuti kubviswa kwemari kwaiva pamutemo, nokuti hazvina kutyora mitemo yepuratifomu. Somugumisiro, kuitira kuti vadzorere mari kune vanoisa mari, vagadziri vaifanira kuparadza The DAO, kunyorazve blockchain uye kuputsa nheyo yayo inokosha - kusachinja.

Comic nezve Ethereum (kuruboshwe) uye Iyo DAO (kurudyi). Chinhu

Iyi nyaya yese yakaparadza mukurumbira weiyo pfungwa yeDAO. Icho chirongwa chakaitwa pahwaro hweEthereum cryptocurrency, shanduro Eteri 2.0 inotarisirwa gore rinouya - zvichida vanyori (kusanganisira yakakurumbira Vitalik Buterin) vachafunga nezvezvikanganiso uye kuratidza chimwe chinhu chitsva. Ndosaka Gartner akaisa DAO kumusoro.

5.3.Synthetics Data

Kudzidzisa neural network, yakawanda data inodiwa. Kunyora data nemaoko ibasa rakakura rinogona kuitwa chete nemunhu. Saka, zvinokwanisika kugadzira data data seti. Semuenzaniso, kuunganidzwa kwakafanana kwezviso zvevanhu pane saiti https://generated.photos. Iwo akagadzirwa achishandisa GAN - iwo algorithms anga atotaurwa pamusoro.

Zviso izvi hazvisi zvevanhu. Chinhu

Kubatsira kukuru kwedata rakadaro nderekuti hapana matambudziko emutemo mukuishandisa: hapana munhu anopa mvumo yekugadziriswa kwedata rako.

5.4.Digital Ops

Iyo suffix "Ops" yave fashoni zvinoshamisa kubvira DevOps yakadzika midzi mukutaura kwedu. Zvino pamusoro pekuti DigitalOps chii - ingori ruzhinji rweDevOps, DesignOps, MarketingOps ... Uchiri kufinhwa here? Muchidimbu, iko kutamisa nzira yeDevOps kubva kunzvimbo yesoftware kuenda kune mamwe ese maficha ebhizinesi - kushambadzira, dhizaini, nezvimwe.

Chinhu

Pfungwa yeDevOps yaive yekubvisa zvipingamupinyi pakati peBudiriro pachayo neMashandiro (maitiro ebhizinesi), kuburikidza nekugadzirwa kwezvikwata zvakajairika, uko kune vanogadzira mapurogiramu, vanoedza, nyanzvi dzekuchengetedza, uye maneja; kushandiswa kwemamwe maitiro: kuenderera mberi kubatanidzwa, zvivakwa sekodhi, kuderedzwa uye kusimbiswa kwemaketani emhinduro. Chinangwa chaive chekumhanyisa nguva yechigadzirwa kumusika. Kana iwe waifunga kuti izvi zvakafanana naAgile, wanga wakarurama. Iye zvino fambisa pfungwa iyi kubva kumunda wekuvandudza software kuenda kubudiriro mune zvakajairika - uye iwe unonzwisisa kuti DigitalOps chii.

5.5. Ruzivo Magirafu

Iyo software nzira yekuenzanisira nzvimbo yeruzivo, kusanganisira kushandisa muchina kudzidza algorithms. Girafu yeruzivo inovakwa pamusoro peiyo iripo dhatabhesi yekubatanidza pamwechete ruzivo rwese: zvese zvakarongwa (rondedzero yezviitiko kana vanhu) uye isina kurongeka (chinyorwa chechinyorwa).

Muenzaniso wakapfava ikadhi raunogona kuona mumhinduro dzekutsvaga dzeGoogle. Kana uchitsvaga munhu kana sangano, uchaona kadhi kurudyi:


Ndapota cherechedza kuti "Zviitiko Zvinouya" haisi kopi yemashoko kubva kuGoogle Maps, asi kubatanidzwa kwepurogiramu neYandex.Afisha: unogona kuona izvi nyore kana ukanyora pazviitiko. Ndiko kuti, iko kusanganiswa kweakati wandei data masosi pamwechete.

Kana iwe ukakumbira runyorwa - semuenzaniso, "vakakurumbira vatungamiriri" - iwe ucharatidzwa carousel:

Bonus kune avo vanoverenga kusvika kumagumo

Uye zvino zvatazvijekesa pachedu zvinorehwa neimwe yepfungwa, tinogona kutarisa mufananidzo wakafanana, asi muchiRussia:

Govera wakasununguka pasocial network!

Tatyana Volkova - Munyori wechirongwa chekudzidziswa kweInternet Yezvinhu IT track paSamsung Academy, nyanzvi muzvirongwa zvemakambani ekutarisira paSamsung Research Center.


Source: www.habr.com