Iyi bvunzurudzo yakabatanidzwa muanthology The Playboy Interview: Moguls, iyo inosanganisirawo hurukuro naJeff Bezos, Sergey Brin, Larry Page, David Geffen nevamwe vakawanda.
Playboy: Takapona 1984 - makomputa haana kutora nyika, kunyangwe asiri munhu wese anogona kubvumirana neizvi. Kuparadzirwa kwemakomputa kunonyanya kukonzerwa newe, baba vane makore makumi maviri nemapfumbamwe ekuchinja kwekombuta. Iyo boom yakaitika yakakuita iwe murume akapfuma zvinoshamisa - kukosha kwedanda rako kwakasvika hafu yebhirioni yemadhora, handiti?
Mabasa: Apo masheya akaderera, ndakarasikirwa ne $ 250 mamiriyoni mugore. [anoseka]
Playboy: Unoona izvi zvinosetsa here?
Mabasa: Handingaregi zvinhu zvakadai zvichikanganisa upenyu hwangu. Hazvinakidzi here izvi? Iwe unoziva, mubvunzo wemari unondifadza zvakanyanya - unofarira munhu wese zvakanyanya, kunyangwe mumakore gumi apfuura zviitiko zvakawanda zvakakosha uye zvinodzidzisa zvakaitika kwandiri. Zvinoitawo kuti ndinzwe ndachembera, sekunge pandinotaura pamusasa uye ndinoona kuti vangani vadzidzi vari kushamisika nemamiriyoni emadhora ehupfumi.
Pandakadzidza, makore makumi matanhatu akanga ava kupera, uye mhepo yekushandiswa yakanga isati yasvika. Iko hakuna mafungiro muvadzidzi vanhasi - zvirinani, zvishoma pane matiri. Nenzira yakajeka havabvumiri nhau dzazvino dzouzivi kuvatsausa zvikuru mufundo yavo yezvokutengeserana. Munguva yangu, mhepo yezvinangwa zvemakumi matanhatu yakanga isati yarasikirwa nesimba rayo, uye vazhinji vezera rangu vakachengeta izvi zvinangwa zvachose.
Playboy: Zvinonakidza kuti indasitiri yemakomputa yakaita mamirioni...
Mabasa: Hongu, hongu, majaya anopenga.
Playboy: Taitaura nezvevanhu vakaita sewe naSteve Wozniak, vaishanda mugaraji makore gumi apfuura. Tiudze nezvechimurenga chamakatanga imi vaviri.
Mabasa: Makore zana apfuura pakanga paine shanduko yepetrochemical. Akatipa simba rinosvikika, mune iyi kesi, mechanical. Yakachinja gadziriro imene yenzanga. Nhasi shanduko yeruzivo ine chekuitawo nemagetsi anotengeka - asi panguva ino ndeye njere. Komputa yedu yeMacintosh iri padanho rekutanga rebudiriro - asi kunyangwe iyezvino inogona kukuchengetedza maawa akati wandei pazuva, ichishandisa magetsi mashoma pane mwenje we100-watt. Ko komputa ichave chii mumakore gumi, makumi maviri, makumi mashanu? Chimurenga ichi chichafukidza shanduko yepetrochemical - uye isu tiri pamberi payo.
Playboy: Ngatimbozorora uye kutsanangura komputa. Anoshanda sei?
Mabasa: Chaizvoizvo, makomputa ari nyore kwazvo. Iye zvino tiri mu cafe. Ngatimbofungidzira kuti iwe unogona chete kunzwisisa zvakanyanya rudimentary gwara, uye ini ndinoda kukuudza nzira yekuenda kuchimbuzi. Ndaizofanira kushandisa mirairo chaiyo uye yakananga, chimwe chinhu chakaita seichi: “Bvisa pabhenji nekufambisa mamita maviri padivi. Simuka wakatwasuka. Simudza gumbo rako rekuruboshwe. Benda ibvi rako rekuruboshwe kusvikira rachinjika. Rongedza gumbo rako rekuruboshwe uye shandura uremu hwako masendimita mazana matatu kumberi,” zvichingodaro. Kana iwe waigona kuona mirairo yakadai nekukurumidza zvakapetwa kazana kupfuura chero munhu upi zvake mune ino cafe, unenge uchiita sen'anga kwatiri. Unogona kumhanya kunotora cocktail, woiisa pamberi pangu wobvarura zvigunwe zvako, uye ndingafunga kuti girazi rakaonekwa nekudzvanya - zvese zvakaitika nekukurumidza. Aya ndiwo mashandiro anoita komputa. Inoita mabasa echinyakare - "tora iyi nhamba, woiwedzera kune iyi nhamba, isa mhedzisiro pano, tarisa kana ichipfuura iyo nhamba" - asi nekumhanya, ingangoita miriyoni kushanda pasekondi. Mibairo inowanikwa inoita semashiripiti kwatiri.
Iyi ndiyo tsananguro iri nyore. Chiripo ndechekuti vanhu vazhinji havadi kunzwisisa kuti komputa inoshanda sei. Vanhu vazhinji havazive kuti otomatiki transmission inoshanda sei, asi vanoziva kutyaira mota. Haufanire kudzidza fizikisi kana kunzwisisa mitemo yesimba rekutyaira mota. Iwe haufanirwe kunzwisisa zvese izvi kushandisa iyo Macintosh-asi iwe wakabvunza. [anoseka]
Playboy: Iwe unonyatso tenda kuti makomputa achachinja kuvanzika kwedu, asi iwe unonyengetedza sei vanopokana nevasina chokwadi?
Mabasa: Komputa ndiyo inonyanya kushamisa mudziyo watisati tamboona. Inogona kunge iri chishandiso chekudhinda, nzvimbo yekukurukurirana, super calculator, murongi, dhairekitori regwaro, uye nzira yekuzviratidza zvese kamwechete - chaunoda isoftware nemirairo. Hapana chimwe chigadziri chine simba uye hunyanzvi hwekombuta. Hatizivi kuti angasvika kupi. Nhasi makombiyuta anoita kuti upenyu hwedu huve nyore. Vanopedza mabasa angatitorera maawa muchidimbu chesekondi. Vanovandudza mararamiro ehupenyu hwedu nekutora maitiro asina kunaka uye nekuwedzera kugona kwedu. Mune ramangwana vachaita zvakawanda uye zvakawanda zvemirairo yedu.
Playboy: Chii chingava chaiyo zvikonzero zvekutenga komputa? Mumwe wevaunoshanda navo nguva pfupi yadarika akati: “Takapa vanhu makomputa, asi hatina kuvaudza zvekuita nawo. Zviri nyore kuti ndigadzirise zvinhu pamaoko pane pakombiyuta.” Nei munhu kutenga kombiyuta?
Mabasa: Vanhu vakasiyana vachava nezvikonzero zvakasiyana. Muenzaniso wakapfava mabhizinesi. Nekombuta, unogona kugadzira zvinyorwa nekukurumidza uye nemhando iri nani, uye kugadzirwa kwevashandi vehofisi kunowedzera munzira dzakawanda. Iyo komputa inosunungura vanhu kubva kune yakawanda yebasa ravo renguva dzose uye inovabvumira kuti vagadzirise. Yeuka, kombiyuta chishandiso. Zvishandiso zvinotibatsira kuita basa riri nani.
Kana zvasvika kune dzidzo, makomputa ndiyo yekutanga kugadzirwa kubva mubhuku rinodyidzana nevanhu zvisina kuneta uye pasina kutonga. Dzidzo yeSocratic haichawanikwi uye makomputa anogona kushandura dzidzo nerutsigiro rwevadzidzisi vanokwanisa. Zvikoro zvizhinji zvatova nemakombiyuta.
Playboy: Nharo idzi dzinoshanda kumabhizinesi nezvikoro, asi ko kumba?
Mabasa: Panguva ino, musika uyu uripo zvakanyanya mukufungidzira kwedu kupfuura muchokwadi. Zvikonzero zvikuru zvekutenga komputa nhasi ndezvekuti kana iwe uchida kutora rimwe rebasa rako kumba kana kuisa chirongwa chekudzidzisa iwe kana vana vako. Kana pasina chimwe chezvikonzero izvi chinoshanda, saka sarudzo yasara ndeye chishuwo chekuvandudza komputa kuverenga. Iwe unoona chimwe chinhu chiri kuitika, asi iwe haunyatsonzwisisa kuti chii, uye iwe unoda kudzidza chimwe chinhu chitsva. Nenguva isipi zvese zvichachinja uye makomputa ichava chikamu chakakosha chehupenyu hwedu hwepamba.
Playboy: Chii chichachinja chaizvo?
Mabasa: Vanhu vazhinji vachange vachitsvaga kutenga komputa yepamba kuti ikwanise kubatana nenetiweki yenyika. Isu tiri mumatanho ekutanga ebudiriro inoshamisa inofananidzwa muhukuru nekusimuka kwenhare.
Playboy:Uri kutaura nezvebudiriro rudzii?
Mabasa: Ndinogona kuita fungidziro chete. Tinoona zvinhu zvitsva zvakawanda mumunda wedu. Hatizivi chaizvo kuti zvichange zvakaita sei, asi chichava chinhu chikuru uye chinoshamisa.
Playboy: Zvinoitika kuti uri kukumbira vatengi vekombuta yekumba kuti vatore zviuru zvitatu zvemadhora, vachitora mazwi ako nekutenda?
Mabasa: Mune ramangwana, ichi hachisi chiito chekuvimba. Dambudziko rakanyanya kuoma ratinosangana naro nderekutadza kupindura mibvunzo yevanhu pamusoro pezvakananga. Kana makore zana apfuura mumwe munhu akabvunza Alexander Graham Bell chaizvo mashandisiro efoni, angadai asina kukwanisa kutsanangura zvese zvakaita kuti runhare rwakachinja sei nyika. Haana kuziva kuti nerubatsiro rwerunhare vanhu vaizoziva kuti chii chaienda kubhaisikopo manheru, kuhodha girosari kumba kana kufonera hama dzavo dziri kune rumwe rutivi rwenyika. Kutanga, muna 1844, telegraph yevoruzhinji yakaunzwa, kubudirira kunoshamisa mumunda wekutaurirana. Mameseji akafamba kubva kuNew York kuenda kuSan Francisco mumaawa mashoma. Zvikumbiro zvakaitwa kuisa teregirafu padhesiki rega rega muAmerica kuti kuwedzere kubereka. Asi hazvina kushanda. Teregirafu yaida kuti vanhu vazive Morse code, zviperengo zvisinganzwisisike zvemadoti nemadhidhi. Kudzidziswa kwacho kwakatora maawa angangoita makumi mana. Vanhu vazhinji havangambozviwana. Neraki, muma40s, Bell yakavepa runhare mbozha yainyanya kuita basa rimwechete asi yaive yakachipa kushandisa. Uyezve, zvaibvumira kwete chete kutaura mashoko, asiwo kuimba.
Playboy: Ndizvo?
Mabasa: Akabvumira kuti mashoko azadzwe nerevo kuburikidza nekutaura, uye kwete chete nemitauro iri nyore. Vanoti kuti uwedzere kugadzira, unofanirwa kuisa IBM komputa padhesiki rega rega. Izvi hazvishande. Zvino iwe unofanirwa kudzidza mamwe zviperengo, /qz nemamwe akafanana. Bhuku reWordStar, iro rinonyanya kufarirwa mazwi processor, rakareba mapeji mazana mana. Kuti unyore bhuku, unofanirwa kuverenga imwe novel, iyo kune vanhu vazhinji inoratidzika seyemutikitivha. Vashandisi havazodzidzi /qz, sezvavasina kudzidza Morse kodhi. Ndizvo zvakaita Macintosh, indasitiri yedu yekutanga "foni". Uye ini ndinofunga chinhu chinotonhorera nezve Macintosh ndechekuti, senhare, inokutendera iwe kuimba. Iwe haungofambisi mazwi chete, unogona kuanyora mumataera akasiyana, woadhirowa uye wowedzera mifananidzo, nekudaro uchizviratidza.
Playboy: Izvi zvinoshamisa here kana kuti ingori "manomano" matsva? Anenge mutsoropodzi mumwe chete akadana Macintosh iyo inodhura pasi rose Etch A Sketch magic skrini.
Mabasa: Izvi zvinoshamisa senhare inotsiva teregirafu. Fungidzira kuti chii chaungagadzira uchiri mudiki ane advanced mashiripiti skrini. Asi icho chingori chikamu chimwe chete: NeMacintosh, haugone kungowedzera kugadzirwa kwako uye hunyanzvi, asi zvakare kutaurirana zvinobudirira uchishandisa mifananidzo nemagirafu, kwete chete mazwi nenhamba.
Playboy: Makombiyuta akawanda anogamuchira mirairo nekutsikirira makiyi, nepo Macintosh inoshandisa mudziyo unonzi mbeva, bhokisi diki rinofamba patafura kuti ridzore cursor pachiratidziri. Kune vanhu vakajaira kiibhodhi, iyi shanduko huru. Sei mbeva?
Mabasa: Kana ndikada kukuudza kuti pane gwapa pahembe yako, handingaite zvemutauro: “Dzipa riri pahembe yako rine masendimita gumi nemana kubva pakora uye masendimita matatu kuruboshwe kwebhatani. Pandinoona nzvimbo, ndinongonongedzera kwairi: “Hezvo” [inoratidza]. Iri ndiro dimikira rinowanikwa zvakanyanya. Takaita yakawanda yekuedza uye tsvakurudzo inoratidza kuti zviito zvakasiyana-siyana, zvakadai seCheka uye Nama, hazvisi nyore chete, asiwo zvakanyanya kushanda, nekuda kwegonzo.
Playboy: Zvakatora nguva yakareba sei kugadzira iyo Macintosh?
Mabasa: Kusikwa kwekombuta pachayo kwakatora makore maviri. Izvi zvisati zvaitika, takanga tichishanda tekinoroji iri shure kwayo kwemakore akati wandei. Handifunge kuti ndakamboshanda pane chimwe chinhu zvakanyanya kupfuura zvandakaita paMacintosh, asi chaive chiitiko chakanakisa chehupenyu hwangu. Ndinofunga vese vandinoshanda navo vachataura zvakafanana. Pakupera kwebudiriro, isu takanga tisisade kuiburitsa - takanga taziva kuti mushure mekuburitswa haichave yedu. Patakazozvitaura pamusangano wavagovera, munhu wose aiva mumba akasimuka ndokuombera kwemaminitsi mashanu. Chinonyanya kushamisa ndechekuti ndakaona Mac budiriro timu kumberi. Hapana mumwe wedu akakwanisa kutenda kuti tapedza. Tese takachema.
Playboy: Pamberi pebvunzurudzo, takanyeverwa: gadzirira, iwe "uchagadziriswa" neakanakisa.
Mabasa: [vachinyemwerera] Ini nevandinoshanda navo tinongofarira basa racho.
Playboy: Asi mutengi angaziva sei kukosha chaiko kwechigadzirwa kuseri kwekufarira uku, kushambadzira kwemamiriyoni emadhora emadhora uye kugona kwako kutaurirana nevenhau?
Mabasa: Mishandirapamwe yekushambadzira inodiwa kuti urambe uchikwikwidza - IBM advertising iri kwese kwese. Yakanaka PR inopa vanhu ruzivo, ndizvo chete. Hazvibviri kunyengedza vanhu mubhizinesi iri - zvigadzirwa zvinozvitaurira.
Playboy: Kunze kwekunyunyuta kwakakurumbira pamusoro pekushaya simba kwegonzo uye dema-uye-white skrini yeMacintosh, kupomerwa kwakanyanya kunopesana neApple ndiyo mitengo yakakwira yezvigadzirwa zvayo. Ungada here kupindura kune vatsoropodzi?
Mabasa: Tsvagiridzo yedu inoratidza kuti mbeva inokutendera kuti ushande nedata kana maapplication nekukurumidza kupfuura nzira dzechinyakare. Rimwe zuva tichakwanisa kuburitsa chinyorwa chemavara chisingadhure. Panyaya yekuwedzeredza, chigadzirwa chitsva chinodhura zvakanyanya pakuvhurwa pane zvachichaita mune ramangwana. Kuwanda kwatinogona kugadzira, kunochipa...
Playboy: Ndiwo hukuru hwekunyunyuta: iwe unokwezva vanofarira nemitengo yepamberi, wobva wachinja zano nemitengo yakaderera kukwezva mamwe musika.
Mabasa:Hazvisi chokwadi. Pakarepo isu Unogona kuderedza mutengo, tinozviita. Chokwadi, makomputa edu akachipa kupfuura zvaaive makore mashoma apfuura kana kunyange gore rapfuura. Asi zvakafanana zvinogona kutaurwa nezve IBM. Chinangwa chedu ndechekupa makomputa kumakumi emamiriyoni evanhu, uye iyo yakachipa makomputa aya, zvichava nyore kwatiri kuita izvi. Kana Macintosh inodhura chiuru chemadhora, ndingadaro kufara.
Playboy: Zvakadini nevanhu vakatenga Lisa neApple III, yamakaburitsa pamberi peMacintosh? Vakasiirwa zvinhu zvisingaenderane, zvechinyakare.
Mabasa: Kana iwe uchida kuisa mubvunzo nenzira iyi, saka yeuka nezve avo vakatenga maPC uye PCjr kubva kuIBM. Kutaura nezveLisa, mamwe matekinoroji ayo anoshandiswawo muMacintosh - unogona kumhanya Macintosh zvirongwa paLisa. Lisa akafanana nemunun'una mukuru kuMacintosh, uye kunyange zvazvo kutengesa kwainonoka pakutanga, nhasi ivo vakakwira kudenga. Mukuwedzera, isu tinoramba tichitengesa anopfuura zviuru zviviri zveApple IIIs pamwedzi, inopfuura hafu yavo kudzokorora vatengi. Pakazere, pfungwa yangu ndeyekuti matekinoroji matsva haafanire kutsiva aripo - iwo, netsanangudzo, anoita kuti asashande. Nokufamba kwenguva, hongu, ivo vanovatsiva. Asi iyi ndiyo mamiriro akafanana neaya emavara terevhizheni, ayo akatsiva dema nechena. Nokufamba kwenguva, vanhu pachavo vakasarudza kana kuisa mari mune tekinoroji nyowani.
Playboy: Pachiyero ichi, iyo Mac pachayo ichave isingachashandi mumakore mashoma?
Mabasa: Pamberi pekusikwa kweMacintosh, paiva nemitemo miviri - Apple II uye IBM PC. Mipimo iyi yakafanana nenzizi dzakachekwa nomumatombo omugomba. Kuita kwakadai kunotora makore - iyo Apple II yakatora makore manomwe "kupaza", iyo IBM PC yakatora makore mana. Macintosh ndiyo chiyero chechitatu, rwizi rwechitatu, rwakakwanisa kupaza dombo mumwedzi mishoma nekuda kwekuchinja kwechigadzirwa uye nekuchenjerera kushambadzira kwekambani yedu. Ndinofunga kuti nhasi kune makambani maviri chete anogona kuita izvi - Apple uye IBM. Inogona kunge isiri chinhu chakanaka, asi inzira yeherculean, uye handifunge Apple kana IBM ichave ichidzokera kwairi kwemamwe makore matatu kana mana. Zvichida pakupera kwemakumi masere chimwe chinhu chitsva chichaonekwa.
Playboy: Chii manje?
Mabasa: Zviitiko zvitsva zvichange zvakanangana nekuwedzera kutakurika kwezvigadzirwa, kuvandudza matekinoroji etiweki, kugovera maprinta e laser uye akagovaniswa dhatabhesi. Mano ekurukurirano achawedzerwawo, zvichida nokubatanidza runhare nekombiyuta yomunhu oga.
Zvichaenderera mberi
Source: www.habr.com