Ichi chikamu chechipiri chebvunzurudzo inosanganisirwa muanthology The Playboy Hurukuro: Moguls, iyo inosanganisirawo hurukuro naJeff Bezos, Sergey Brin, Larry Page, David Geffen nevamwe vazhinji.
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Playboy: Uri kuita bheji hombe paMacintosh. Vanoti kuguma kweApple kunoenderana nekubudirira kwayo kana kutadza. Mushure mekusunungurwa kwaLisa naApple III, migove yeApple yakanyura zvakanyanya, uye kune runyerekupe rwekuti Apple inogona kusapona.
Mabasa: Hongu, takava nenguva yakaoma. Taiziva kuti taifanira kuita chishamiso kuitika neMacintosh kana zviroto zvedu zvezvigadzirwa kana kambani pachayo yaisazomboitika.
Playboy: Matambudziko ako anga akakura sei? Apple yanga yakatarisana nekubhuroka here?
Mabasa: Kwete, kwete uye NO. Muchokwadi, 1983, pakaitwa fungidziro dzese idzi, rakazova gore rakabudirira kuApple. Muna 1983, isu takawedzera zvakapetwa kaviri mari kubva pamadhora mazana mashanu nemakumi masere nematatu kusvika pamadhora mazana mapfumbamwe nemakumi masere nematatu. Zvinenge zvese zvekutengesa zvaive zveApple II, uye isu taida zvimwe. Dai iyo Macintosh isina kuve yakakurumbira, tingadai tichiri pabhiriyoni pagore tichitengesa Apple II nekusiyana kwayo.
Playboy: Zvino chii chakonzera kutaura nezvekudonha kwako?
Mabasa: IBM yakasimuka ndokutanga kubata danho. Vagadziri veSoftware vakatanga kushandura kuIBM. Vatengesi vaitaura zvakanyanya nezve IBM. Zvakanga zvakajeka kwatiri kuti Macintosh yaizoputira munhu wose uye kuchinja iyo indasitiri yose. Iri rakanga riri basa rake. Dai iyo Macintosh isina kubudirira, ndingadai ndakakanda mapfumo pasi nekuti ndakanga ndakanganisa zvakanyanya muchiratidzo changu cheindasitiri.
Playboy: Makore mana apfuura, Apple III yaifanirwa kuve yakagadziridzwa, yakarongedzwa shanduro yeApple II, asi yakakundikana. Iwe wakarangarira yekutanga 14 zviuru zvemakomputa kubva kutengeswa, uye kunyange iyo yakagadziriswa shanduro haina kubudirira. Yakawanda sei yawakarasikirwa paApple III?
Mabasa: Zvinoshamisa, zvisingaverengeki zvakawanda. Ndinofunga kuti kana Apple III yakanga yakabudirira zvikuru, zvingadai zvakaomera IBM kupinda mumusika. Asi ndihwo hupenyu. Ndinofunga kuti chiitiko ichi chakatisimbisa zvikuru.
Playboy: Zvisineyi, Lisa aivewo akakundikana. Pane chakakanganisika?
Mabasa: Chekutanga, komputa yainyanya kudhura uye inodhura anenge zviuru gumi. Takatsauka kubva kumidzi yedu, takakanganwa kuti taifanira kutengesa zvigadzirwa kuvanhu, uye tichivimba nemakambani makuru eFortune 500. Paiva nemamwe matambudziko - kutumira kwakatora nguva yakareba, software haina kushanda nenzira yataida, saka takarasikirwa nesimba. Kufambira mberi kweIBM, pamwe nekunonoka kwedu kwemwedzi mitanhatu, pamwe nemutengo wakanyanya kukwira, pamwe nekumwe kukanganisa kwehurongwa - danho rekutengesa Lisa kuburikidza nenhamba shoma yevatengesi. Paiva ne150 kana kupfuura - uhu hwakanga huri upenzi hunotyisa kwatiri, izvo zvakatidya mari yakawanda. Takahaya vanhu vaionekwa sevashambadziri uye manejimendi nyanzvi. Ringaite sezano rakanaka, asi indasitiri yedu idiki zvekuti maonero enyanzvi idzi akave echinyakare uye akatadzisa kubudirira kwechirongwa ichi.
Playboy: Kwaiva kusava nechivimbo here uku? “Tasvika apa uye zvinhu zvaita serious. Tinoda zvekusimbisa."
Mabasa: Usakanganwa, takanga tine makore 23-25. Takanga tisina ruzivo rwakadaro, saka pfungwa yacho yaiita seine musoro.
Playboy: Zvizhinji zvesarudzo, zvakanaka kana zvakaipa, wanga uri wako?
Mabasa: Takaedza kuva nechokwadi chokuti zvisarudzo hazvina kumboitwa nomunhu mumwe chete. Panguva iyoyo, kambani yaitungamirirwa nevanhu vatatu: Mike Scott, Mike Markkula neni. Nhasi kune vanhu vaviri vari kutungamirira - Apple Mutungamiri John Sculley neni. Patakatanga, ndaiwanzobvunza vandaishanda navo vane ruzivo. Sezvo mutemo, vakaratidza kuva vakarurama. Mune zvimwe zvinhu zvakakosha, ndingadai ndakazviita nenzira yangu, uye zvingave zviri nani kune kambani.
Playboy: Waida kumhanya Lisa division. Markkula naScott (chaizvoizvo, vakuru vako, kunyange iwe wakatora chikamu mukugadzwa kwavo) havana kukuona wakakodzera, handiti?
Mabasa: Mushure mekutsanangura pfungwa dzekutanga, kusarudza vatambi vakakosha uye kuronga nzira dzehunyanzvi, Scotty yakafunga kuti ndakanga ndisina ruzivo rwakakwana rweprojekiti yakadai. Ndakanga ndichirwadziwa-hapana imwe nzira yekuisa nayo.
Playboy: Wakanzwa sekunge uri kurasikirwa neApple?
Mabasa: Zvikamu. Asi chinhu chinonyanya kugumbura ndechekuti vanhu vazhinji vakakokwa kuchirongwa chaLisa avo vasina kugovera chiono chedu chepakutanga. Ikoko kwakanga kune kukakavara kwakakomba mukati meboka raLisa pakati peavo vaida kuvaka chimwe chinhu chakaita seMacintosh, uye avo vakabva kuHewlett-Packard nemamwe makambani uye vakaunza mazano kubva ikoko nemichina mikuru uye kutengesa kwebhizimisi. Ndakasarudza kuti kukudziridza Macintosh, ndaizoda kutora boka duku revanhu uye kutsika-chaizvoizvo kudzokera kugaraji. Hatina kutorwa serious kare ikako. Ndinofunga kuti Scotty aingoda kundinyaradza kana kundipuruzira.
Playboy: Asi iwe wakagadzira kambani iyi. Wakatsamwa here?
Mabasa:Hazviiti kutsamwira mwana wako.
Playboy: Nyangwe mwana uyu akakuendesa kugehena?
Mabasa: Handina kunzwa hasha. Kungosuwa kwakadzama nekushungurudzika. Asi ndakawana vashandi vepamusoro veApple - dai izvi zvisina kuitika, kambani ingadai iri mudambudziko guru. Zvechokwadi, ava ndivo vanhu vane basa rekugadzira Macintosh. [anokwenya] Ingotarisa Mac.
Playboy: Hapasati pave nemafungiro akafanana. Iyo Mac yakaunzwa neyakafanana fanfare saLisa, asi purojekiti yapfuura haina kubva pakutanga.
Mabasa: Ichi ichokwadi. Taiva netariro huru kuna Lisa, izvo hazvina kuzoitika. Chinhu chakanyanya kuoma ndechekuti isu taiziva kuti Macintosh yaiuya, uye yakagadzirisa anenge ese matambudziko naLisa. Kusimukira kwayo kwakange kwave kudzokera kumidzi - tave kutengesera vanhu makomputa, kwete makambani. Takatora pfuti uye takagadzira komputa inotonhorera, yakanakisa munhoroondo.
Playboy: Iwe unofanirwa kupenga kuti ugadzire zvinopenga zvinhu zvinotonhorera?
Mabasa: Muchokwadi, chinhu chikuru mukugadzira chigadzirwa chinotonhorera inzira pachayo, kudzidza zvinhu zvitsva, kugamuchira zvitsva uye kurasa pfungwa dzekare. Asi hongu, ivo vagadziri veMac vanobatwa zvishoma.
Playboy: Chii chinoparadzanisa avo vane mazano anopenga kubva kune avo vanokwanisa kuashandisa?
Mabasa: Ngatitore IBM semuenzaniso. Sei timu yeMac yakaburitsa Mac uye IBM yakaburitsa PCjr? Isu tinofunga kuti Mac ichatengesa zvinoshamisa, asi isu hatina kuzvivakira chero munhu. Takazvisikira isu. Ini nechikwata changu taida kuzvisarudzira kuti akanaka here kana kuti kwete. Hatina kuronga kuita ongororo yemusika. Isu taingoda kugadzira komputa yakanakisa. Fungidzira kuti uri muvezi uchigadzira kabhineti yakanaka. Iwe hauzogadziri madziro ekumashure kubva paplywood yakachipa, kunyangwe ichizorora pamadziro uye hapana anozomboiona. Iwe uchaziva zviripo uye shandisa iyo yakanakisa huni. Aesthetics uye hutano hunofanira kunge huri pahupamhi hwepamusoro, kana zvisina kudaro hauzokwanisi kurara usiku.
Playboy: Uri kureva here kuti vagadziri vePCjr havadada nezvisikwa zvavo?
Mabasa: Dai zviri izvo, vangadai vasina kumusunungura. Zviripachena kwandiri kuti vakazvigadzira zvichibva mukutsvagisa chikamu chemusika cheimwe mhando yemutengi uye vaitarisira kuti vatengi vese vamhanye kuchitoro vovaitira matani emari. Izvi zvinokurudzira zvakasiyana zvachose. Chikwata cheMac chaida kugadzira komputa huru kwazvo munhoroondo yevanhu.
Playboy: Nei vechidiki vazhinji vachishanda mumunda wemakombuta? Avhareji yezera remushandi weApple ane makore makumi maviri nemapfumbamwe.
Mabasa: Maitiro aya anoshanda kune chero nzvimbo nyowani, ine shanduko. Sezvo vanhu vachikura, vanova neshungu. Uropi hwedu hwakafanana nekombiyuta ye electrochemical. Mifungo yako inogadzira mapatani akafanana nechikafu. Vanhu vazhinji vanonamira mumatanho akajairwa uye vanoramba vachifamba chete pavari, senge tsono yemutambi anofamba achitevedza mikoto yerekodhi. Vashoma vanhu vanogona kusiya nzira yavo yenguva dzose yekutarisa zvinhu uye kuronga nzira itsva. Kashoma kuona muimbi ane makore anopfuura makumi matatu kana makumi mana achigadzira mabasa anoshamisa zvechokwadi. Zvechokwadi, kune vanhu vane chido chekuda kuziva chinovabvumira kuramba vari vana nokusingaperi, asi izvi hazviwanzoitiki.
Playboy: Vaverengi vedu vane makore makumi mana vachakoshesa mazwi ako. Ngatiendererei kune imwe nyaya inowanzotaurwa maererano neApple - kambani, kwete komputa. Anokupa kunzwa kumwe cheteko kwehumesia, handiti?
Mabasa: Ndinonzwa kuti tiri kuchinja nzanga kwete chete nerubatsiro rwemakomputa. Ini ndinofunga Apple ine mukana wekuve kambani yeFortune 500 pakupera kwemakumi masere kana kutanga kwemakumi mapfumbamwe. Makore gumi kusvika gumi nemashanu apfuura, pakunyora rondedzero yemakambani mashanu anoyemurika muUnited States, ruzhinji rwaizosanganisira Polaroid neXerox. Vari kupi nhasi? Chii chakaitika kwavari? Sezvo makambani anova hofori dzemabhiriyoni emadhora, vanorasikirwa nemaonero avo. Vanotanga kugadzira hukama pakati pemaneja neavo vanoshanda chaizvo. Vanorasikirwa nechido chezvigadzirwa zvavo. Vagadziri chaivo, avo vane hanya, vanofanirwa kukurira zvikamu zvishanu zvemaneja kuti vaite zvavanofunga kuti zvinodikanwa.
Mazhinji makambani haakwanise kuchengetedza vanhu vane hunyanzvi munzvimbo umo kubudirira kwemunhu kunoodzwa mwoyo uye kunyange kushorwa. Nyanzvi idzi dzinoenda, asi kuchena kunosara. Ndinoziva izvi nekuti Apple yakavakwa nenzira iyoyo. Isu, saEllis Island, takagamuchira vapoteri kubva kune mamwe makambani. Mune mamwe makambani, vanhu vakajeka ava vaionekwa sevapanduki uye vanonetsa.
Munoziva, Dr. Edwin Land vaivewo mupanduki. Akasiya Harvard uye akatanga Polaroid. Nyika yakanga isati ichingova mumwe wevagadziri vakurusa venguva yedu—akaona apo unyanzvi, sainzi, uye bhizimisi zvaipindirana ndokuvamba sangano rinoratidzira mharadzano iyoyo. Polaroid yakabudirira kwekanguva, asi ipapo Dr. Land, mumwe wevapanduki vakuru, akakumbirwa kusiya kambani yake - chimwe chezvisarudzo zvakapusa zvandakamboita. Ipapo Land ane makore makumi manomwe neshanu akatora sainzi chaiyo - kusvika pakupera kwehupenyu hwake akaedza kugadzirisa chirahwe chekuona kwemavara. Murume uyu pfuma yedu yenyika. Handinzwisise kuti sei vanhu vakadai vasingashandiswe semienzaniso. Vanhu vakadai vanotonhorera kupfuura vazivi venyeredzi uye nyeredzi dzenhabvu; hapana anotonhorera kupfuura ivo.
Kazhinji, rimwe remabasa makuru ayo ini naJohn Sculley tichazotongwa mumakore mashanu kusvika gumi kushandura Apple kuita kambani hombe ine mutengo wemadhora gumi kana makumi maviri emadhora. Zvichachengeta mudzimu wanhasi here? Tiri kuzvionera ndima itsva. Iko hakuna mimwe mienzaniso yekuvimba nayo - kwete maererano nekukura, kana maererano nekutsva kwesarudzo dzekutonga. Saka tichafanira kuzvifambira zvedu.
Playboy: Kana Apple yakanyatso siyana, nei ichida kuwedzera uku kwakapetwa makumi maviri? Wadii kuramba uri kambani diki?
Mabasa: Indasitiri yedu yakaumbwa nenzira yekuti kuti tirambe tiri mumwe wevatambi vakuru, tichafanirwa kuita kambani inoita mabhiriyoni gumi emadhora. Kukura kunodiwa kuti urambe uchikwikwidza. Izvi ndizvo chaizvo zvinotinetsa; mwero wemari pachawo hauna basa.
Vashandi veApple vanoshanda maawa gumi nemasere pazuva. Isu tinounganidza vanhu vakasarudzika - avo vasingade kumirira makore mashanu kana gumi kuti mumwe munhu aise njodzi kwavari. Avo vanoda zvechokwadi kuwana zvakawanda uye vanosiya chiratidzo munhoroondo. Tinoziva kuti tiri kugadzira chimwe chinhu chakakosha uye chakakosha. Isu tiri pakutanga kwerwendo uye tinokwanisa kusarudza nzira isu pachedu. Mumwe nemumwe wedu anonzwa kuti tiri kushandura ramangwana izvozvi. Vanhu vazhinji ndivo vatengi. Ini newe hatisi kugadzira mbatya dzedu, hatirime chikafu chedu, tinotaura mutauro wakagadzirwa nemumwe munhu uye tinoshandisa masvomhu akagadzirwa kare kare. Kashoma chaizvo isu tinokwanisa kupa nyika chimwe chinhu chedu pachedu. Iye zvino tava nemukana wakadaro. Uye kwete, hatizivi kuti zvichatisvitsa kupi - asi tinoziva kuti isu tiri chikamu chechimwe chinhu chikuru kupfuura isu.
Playboy: Wati zvakakosha kwauri kutora musika webhizinesi neMacintosh. Unogona kurova IBM pandima iyi?
Mabasa: Ehe. Musika uyu wakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zvakawanda. Ndinoda kufunga kuti hakuna Fortune 500 chete, asiwo Fortune 5000000 kana Fortune 14000000. Kune mamiriyoni gumi nemana emabhizimisi maduku munyika yedu. Zvinoratidzika kwandiri kuti vashandi vazhinji vemakambani epakati nediki vanoda makomputa ebasa. Tichavapa mhinduro dzakanaka gore rinouya, 14.
Playboy: Rudzii?
Mabasa: Nzira yedu ndeyekutarisa kwete kumabhizinesi, asi kuzvikwata. Tinoda kuita shanduko yemhando mukuita kwavo basa. Hazvina kukwana kuti isu tivabatsire neseti yemazwi kana kukurumidza kuwedzera nhamba. Tinoda kushandura nzira yavanodyidzana nayo. Mapeji mashanu memos akapfupikiswa kuita rimwe nekuti unogona kushandisa mufananidzo kuratidza pfungwa huru. Mapepa mashoma, kutaurirana kwakanaka. Uye zvinonyanya kunakidza nenzira iyi. Nokuda kwechimwe chikonzero, kwagara kuine stereotype yekuti kunyange vanhu vanofara uye vanofarira zvikuru kubasa vanoshanduka kuva marobhoti akaoma. Ichi hachisi chokwadi zvachose. Kana tikakwanisa kuunza uyu mweya wemahara munyika yakakomba yebhizinesi, ichave mupiro unokosha. Zvakaoma kana kufungidzira kuti zvinhu zvichasvika kupi.
Playboy: Asi muchikamu chebhizinesi, kunyangwe zita IBM pacharo rinokupikisa. Vanhu vanosanganisa IBM nekubudirira uye kugadzikana. Mumwe mutambi mutsva wekombuta, AT&T, anewo chigumbu newe. Apple ikambani yechidiki ingaita seisina kuedzwa kune vangangove vatengi uye makambani makuru.
Mabasa: Macintosh ichatibatsira kupinda muchikamu chebhizinesi. IBM inoshanda nemabhizinesi kubva kumusoro zvichidzika. Kuti tibudirire, tinofanira kushanda tichidzokera shure, tichitangira pasi. Ini ndichatsanangura ndichishandisa muenzaniso wekuisa network - isu hatifanirwe kubatanidza makambani ese kamwechete, sezvinoita IBM, asi tarisa pazvikwata zvidiki zvebasa.
Playboy: Imwe nyanzvi yakati kuti indasitiri ibudirire uye kuti ibatsire mushandisi wekupedzisira, panofanirwa kuve nechiyero chimwe chete.
Mabasa: Izvi hazvisi zvechokwadi. Kutaura kuti mupimo mumwe chete unodiwa nhasi kwakafanana nokutaura muna 1920 kuti rudzi rumwe rwemotokari runodiwa. Muchiitiko ichi, isu hatingaoni otomatiki kutapurirana, kutungamira kwesimba uye kumiswa kwakazvimiririra. Kutonhora tekinoroji ndicho chinhu chekupedzisira chaunofanira kuita. Macintosh shanduko munyika yemakomputa. Hapana mubvunzo kuti tekinoroji yeMacintosh inopfuura IBM tekinoroji. IBM inoda imwe nzira.
Playboy: Sarudzo yako yekusaita kuti komputa ienderane neIBM ine chekuita nekusada kuendesa kune anokwikwidza? Mumwe mutsoropodzi anotenda kuti chikonzero chega chishuvo chako - anonzi Steve Jobs ari kuendesa IBM kugehena.
Mabasa: Kwete, hatina kuedza kuratidza urume hwedu nerubatsiro rwemunhu oga.
Playboy: Saka chikonzero chii?
Mabasa: Nharo huru ndeyekuti tekinoroji yatakagadzira yakanyanya kunaka. Zvaisazove zvakanaka kana ingave IBM inowirirana. Ehe, isu hatidi kuti IBM itonge indasitiri yedu, ichokwadi. Zvaiita kune vakawanda kuti kuita komputa isaenderane neIBM kwaive kupenga chaiko. Kambani yedu yakatora danho iri nekuda kwezvikonzero zviviri zvakakosha. Yekutanga - uye zvinoita sekunge hupenyu hunoratidza kuti isu takarurama - ndezvekuti zviri nyore kuti IBM "ivhare" uye kuparadza makambani anogadzira makomputa anoenderana.
Chechipiri uye chinonyanya kukosha ndechekuti kambani yedu inotungamirirwa nemaonero anokosha echigadzirwa chaanogadzira. Isu tinotenda kuti makomputa ndiwo maturusi anokatyamadza akambogadzirwa nemunhu, uye vanhu vanonyanya kushandisa zvishandiso. Izvi zvinoreva kuti nekupa makomputa kune vakawanda, vanhu vazhinji, tichaita shanduko yemhando munyika. PaApple, tinoda kuita kuti komputa ive yakajairika mudziyo wemumba uye tosuma kumakumi emamiriyoni evanhu. Ndizvo zvatinoda. Hatina kukwanisa kuzadzisa chinangwa ichi ne IBM tekinoroji, zvinoreva kuti taifanira kugadzira chimwe chinhu chedu. Iyi ndiyo nzira iyo Macintosh yakazvarwa.
Playboy: Pakati pa1981 na1983, chikamu chako chemusika wekombuta chadonha kubva pa29 muzana kusvika 23 muzana. Chikamu cheIBM chakakura kubva pa3 muzana kusvika pa29 muzana panguva imwe cheteyo. Iwe unopindura sei kune nhamba?
Mabasa: Nhamba hadzina kumbotinetsa. Apple inotarisa pane zvigadzirwa nekuti chigadzirwa ndicho chinonyanya kukosha. IBM inosimbisa sevhisi, rutsigiro, chengetedzo, mainframes uye kunenge kuchengetwa kwaamai. Makore matatu apfuura, Apple yakacherekedza kuti hazvaigona kupa amai makomputa emamiriyoni gumi avaitengesa mugore — kunyangwe IBM haina vanaamai vakawanda kudaro. Izvi zvinoreva kuti humai hunofanira kuvakwa mukombuta pachayo. Ndicho chikamu chikuru cheizvo Macintosh iri pamusoro.
Izvo zvese zvinouya pasi kuApple kurwisa IBM. Kana nokuda kwechimwe chikonzero tikaita zvikanganiso zvinouraya uye IBM inokunda, saka ndine chokwadi kuti makore makumi maviri anotevera achange ari mazera erima emakombiyuta. Kamwe IBM yatora chikamu chemusika, hunyanzvi hunomira. IBM iri kudzivirira hutsva.
Playboy: Sei?
Mabasa: Ngatitorei semuenzaniso kambani inonakidza yakadai saFrito-Lay. Inoshanda zvinopfuura mazana mashanu ezviuru zvemirairo pasvondo. Kune rack yeFrito-Lay muchitoro chega chega, uye muhombe pane akati wandei. Dambudziko guru raFrito-Lay nderekushaikwa kwezvinhu, kutaura, machipisi asina kunaka. Vane, vanoti, zviuru gumi zvevashandi vanomhanya-mhanya vachitsiva machipisi akaipa neakanaka. Vanotaurirana nevatungamiriri uye vanova nechokwadi chekuti zvese zvakarongeka. Sevhisi yakadai uye rutsigiro runovapa chikamu che80% muchikamu chese chemusika wemachipisi. Hapana anogona kuvadzivisa. Chero bedzi ivo vachiramba vachiita basa rakanaka, hakuna munhu achabvisa 80 muzana yemusika kubva kwavari - havana zvakakwana zvekutengesa uye vanhu vehunyanzvi. Havakwanise kuvapinza basa nekuti havana mari yekuita izvi. Havana mari nekuti havana zvikamu makumi masere kubva muzana zvemusika. Iko kubata kwakadaro-80. Hapana anogona kuzunungusa hofori yakadai.
Frito-Lay haidi zvakawanda zvitsva. Anongotarisa zvigadzirwa zvitsva zvevagadziri madiki machipisi, anodzidza zvigadzirwa zvitsva izvi kwegore, uye mushure merimwe gore kana maviri anoburitsa chigadzirwa chakafanana, anochipa nerutsigiro rwakakodzera, uye anogamuchira zvakafanana makumi masere muzana emusika mutsva.
IBM iri kuita chinhu chimwe chete. Tarisa iyo mainframe chikamu - kubvira IBM yakatanga kutonga chikamu makore gumi nemashanu apfuura, hutsva hwakatomira. Chinhu chimwe chete chichaitika mune zvimwe zvikamu zvese zvemusika wekombuta kana IBM ikabvumidzwa kuisa maoko pavari. Iyo IBM PC haina kuunza donho rimwe retekinoroji nyowani kuindasitiri. Ingori repackage uye yakagadziridzwa zvishoma Apple II, uye ivo vanoda kutora pamusoro pemusika wese nayo. Ivo zvechokwadi vanoda musika wese.
Kunyangwe isu tichida kana kwete, musika unoenderana nemakambani maviri chete. Ini handizvide, asi zvese zvinoenderana neApple neIBM.
Playboy: Ungave sei nechokwadi kana indasitiri iri kuchinja nekukurumidza? Iye zvino Macintosh iri pamiromo yevanhu vose, asi chii chichaitika mumakore maviri? Izvi hazvipesani nehuchenjeri hwako here? Uri kuyedza kutora nzvimbo yeIBM, hapana here makambani madiki arikuda kutora nzvimbo yeApple?
Mabasa: Kana tikataura zvakananga nezvekutengesa komputa, zvese zviri mumaoko eApple neIBM. Handifunge kuti pane achatora nzvimbo yechitatu, yechina, yechitanhatu kana yechinomwe. Mazhinji madiki, makambani ehunyanzvi anonyanya kufambiswa nesoftware. Ini ndinofunga isu tinogona kutarisira kubudirira kubva kwavari munzvimbo yesoftware, asi kwete munzvimbo yehardware.
Playboy: IBM inogona kutaura chinhu chimwe chete nezve Hardware, asi iwe haungavakanganwire nazvo. Chii chakasiyana?
Mabasa: Ndinofunga kuti nzvimbo yedu yebhizimisi yakura zvokuti zvichanetsa kuti chero munhu atange chimwe chinhu chitsva.
Playboy: Ko makambani emabhiriyoni emadhora haachazvarirwe mumagaraji here?
Mabasa: Komputa - kwete, ini ndinokahadzika nazvo. Izvi zvinoisa basa rakakosha paApple - kana isu tichitarisira hunyanzvi kubva kune chero munhu, hunofanirwa kubva kwatiri. Iyi ndiyo nzira chete yatingarwa nayo. Kana tikamhanya zvakaringana, havangatibate.
Playboy: Iwe unofunga kuti IBM ichapedzisira yasangana riini nemakambani anogadzira IBM-anoenderana makomputa?
Mabasa: Panogona kunge kuchine makambani ecopycat mumadhora zana-mazana maviri emamiriyoni, asi iyo mhando yemari inoreva kuti uri kunetseka kurarama uye hauna nguva yekuvandudza. Ini ndinotenda kuti IBM ichabvisa vatevedzeri nezvirongwa zvavasina, uye pakupedzisira kuunza mwero mutsva usingaenderane neanhasi - wakanyanya kushomeka.
Playboy: Asi wakaita zvimwe chetezvo. Kana munhu aine mapurogiramu eApple II, haazokwanisi kuamhanyisa paMacintosh.
Mabasa: Ndizvozvo, Mac chinhu chitsva chose. Isu takanzwisisa kuti isu taigona kukwezva avo vanofarira matekinoroji aripo - iyo Apple II, iyo IBM PC - nekuti vangadai vachiri vakagara pakombuta siku nesikati, vachiedza kuibata. Asi vanhu vazhinji vacharamba vasingasvikiki kwatiri.
Kuti tipe makomputa kumakumi emamiriyoni evanhu, taida tekinoroji yaizoita kuti makomputa ave nyore kushandisa ukuwo achiaita kuti ave nesimba. Taida budiriro. Taida kuita zvatinogona nekuti Macintosh waigona kunge uri mukana wedu wekupedzisira kutanga patsva. Ndafara zvikuru nezvatakaita. Iyo Macintosh ichatipa hwaro hwakanaka hwemakore gumi anotevera.
Playboy: Ngatidzokere kumidzi, kune vakatangira Lisa uye Mac, kusvika pakutanga. Vabereki vako vakapesvedzera zvakadii kufarira kwako makomputa?
Mabasa: Vakakurudzira kufarira kwangu. Baba vangu vaiva makanika uye shasha pakushanda nemaoko avo. Anogona kugadzirisa chero mudziyo wemuchina. Neizvi akandipa simba rekutanga. Ndakatanga kufarira zvemagetsi achibva atanga kundiunzira zvinhu zvandaikwanisa kubvisa ndozvibatanidza. Akachinjirwa kuPalo Alto pandaiva nemakore mashanu, ndiko kwatakaguma tava muMupata.
Playboy: Wakarerwa, handiti? Izvi zvine simba rakawanda sei pahupenyu hwako?
Mabasa: Zvakaoma kutaura. Ndiani anoziva.
Playboy: Wakamboedza kutsvaga vabereki vokubereka here?
Mabasa: Ndinofunga kuti vana vokurerwa nevabereki vasiri vavo vanowanzofarira mavambo avo - vakawanda vanoda kunzwisisa kuti humwe unhu hwakabva kupi. Asi ini ndinotenda kuti zvakatipoteredza ndezvekutanga. Kurerwa kwako, hunhu, maonero epasirese zvinobva paudiki. Asi zvimwe zvinhu hazvigone kutsanangurwa nemhoteredzo. Ndinofunga kuti ndezvemuzvarirwo kufarira izvozvo. Ndaive nayowo.
Playboy: Mawana vabereki chaivo here?
Mabasa:Ndiyo chete nyaya yandisina kugadzirira kukurukura.
Playboy: Mupata wawakatamira nevabereki vako nhasi unozivikanwa seSilicon Valley. Kukura ikoko kwaiva kwakadii?
Mabasa: Taigara kumasabhabhu. Yaive yakajairika sabhubhu yeAmerica - vana vazhinji vaigara pedyo nesu. Amai vangu vakandidzidzisa kuverenga ndisati ndaenda kuchikoro, saka ndakafinhwa ipapo uye ndakatanga kutyisidzira vadzidzisi. Dai wakaona giredhi redu rechitatu, takazvibata zvinosemesa – takaburitsa nyoka, takaputitsa mabhomba. Asi ndatove mugiredhi rechina zvese zvachinja. Imwe yengirozi dzangu dzinondichengeta mudzidzisi wangu Imogen Hill, uyo akadzidzisa kosi yepamusoro. Akandinzwisisa uye mamiriro angu mumwedzi chete uye akabatidza chido changu chezivo. Ndakadzidza zvinhu zvitsva zvakawanda gore rino rechikoro kupfuura zvimwe zvose. Gore richipera vakatomboda kundiendesa kuhigh school asi vabereki vangu vakachenjera vairamba.
Playboy: Nzvimbo yawaigara yakakukanganisawo here? Silicon Valley yakaumbwa sei?
Mabasa: Mupata uyu uri pakati pemayunivhesiti maviri makuru, Berkeley neStanford. Aya mayunivhesiti haangokwezva vadzidzi vakawanda - anokwezva vadzidzi vakanaka vakawanda vanobva kumativi ese enyika. Vanouya, vanodanana nenzvimbo idzi uye vanogara. Izvi zvinoguma nekuuya kunogara kuchiuya kwevashandi vatsva, vane matarenda.
Hondo Yenyika II isati yasvika, vaviri vakapedza kudzidza kuStanford, Bill Hewlett naDave Packard, vakatanga Hewlett-Packard Innovation Company. Zvino muna 1948, bipolar transistor yakagadzirwa kuBell Telephone Laboratories. Mumwe wevatatu vanyori vanyori vezvakagadzirwa, William Shockley, akafunga kudzokera kumusha kwake Palo Alto kuti awane kambani yake diki - Shockley Labs, zvinoita. Akaenda naye vangangosvika gumi nevaviri vefizikisi nemakemikari, vanhu vakatanhamara vechizvarwa chavo. Zvishoma nezvishoma vakatanga kuparamura ndokuwana mabhizimisi avo, semhodzi dzemaruva nesora zvinopararira kumativi ose paunofuridzira pamusoro pazvo. Saka Mupata wakazvarwa.
Playboy: Wakaziva sei komputa?
Mabasa: Mumwe wevavakidzani vedu aiva Larry Lang, aishanda sainjiniya paHewlett-Packard. Akapedza nguva yakawanda neni, akandidzidzisa zvose. Ndakatanga kuona komputa kuHewlett-Packard. Chipiri chega chega vaigamuchira mapoka evana uye vaitibvumira kushanda pakombiyuta. Ndaive nemakore angangoita gumi nemaviri, ndinorangarira zuva iri zvakanyanya. Vakatiratidza komputa yavo nyowani yedesktop uye vakatirega tichitamba pairi. Ndakabva ndatoda zvangu.
Playboy: Nei komputa yakakufarira? Wakanzwa here kuti pane vimbiso mairi?
Mabasa: Hapana zvakadaro, ndangofunga kuti komputa yaive yakanaka. Ndaida kufara naye.
Playboy: Gare gare wakatoshanda kuHewlett-Packard, zvakaitika sei?
Mabasa: Pandakanga ndava nemakore gumi nemaviri kana gumi nematatu, ndaida zvikamu zvepurojekiti. Ndakatora runhare ndokufonera Bill Hewlett—nhamba yake yakanga iri mubhuku renhare rePalo Alto. Akadavira runhare uye aiva nemoyo wakanaka. Takataura kwenguva ingangoita maminitsi makumi maviri. Akanga asingandizivi zvachose, asi akanditumira zvikamu uye akandikoka kuti ndishande muzhizha - akandiisa pamutsetse wegungano, kwandakaunganidza ma frequency counter. Zvichida "yakaungana" ishoko rakasimba kwazvo, ini ndanga ndichisimbisa masikuru. Asi zvakanga zvisina basa, ndakanga ndiri kudenga.
Ndinoyeuka kuti pazuva rekutanga rebasa ndakanga ndichipenya nechido - shure kwezvose, ndakabhadharwa kuHewlett-Packard kwezhizha rose. Ndakanga ndichifara kuudza mukuru wangu, mukomana anonzi Chris, kuti ndaida zvemagetsi kupfuura chero chinhu chipi zvacho munyika. Pandakabvunza chaaida zvikuru, Chris akanditarisa ndokupindura kuti, “Bonde.” [anoseka] Chave chirimo chedzidzo.
Playboy: Wakasangana sei naSteve Wozniak?
Mabasa: Ndakasangana naWoz ndine gumi nematatu mugaraji reshamwari. Aiva nemakore angangoita gumi nemasere. Ndiye munhu wekutanga wandaiziva aiziva zvemagetsi kupfuura ini. Takava shamwari huru nekuda kwekufarira kwakajairika makomputa uye kuseka. Kudakara kwakadini kwatakaita!
Playboy: Semuyenzaniso?
Mabasa: [grins] Hapana chino shamisira. Semuenzaniso, vakagadzira mureza muhombe nehofori [inoratidza chigunwe chepakati]. Taida kuibhedhenura pakati pekupedza kudzidza. Imwe nguva, Wozniak akaunganidza imwe rudzi rwechigadzirwa chekumaka, chakafanana nebhomba, ndokuchiunza kuimba yekudyira yechikoro. Takagadzirawo mabhokisi eblue pamwe chete.
Playboy: Aya ndiwo maturusi asiri pamutemo aunokwanisa kufonera ari kure?
Mabasa: Ndizvozvo. Chiitiko chakakurumbira chine chokuita navo chaiva apo Woz akadana Vatican ndokuzvisuma saHenry Kissinger. Vakamutsa baba pakati pehusiku ndokutoona kuti kwaive kutamba.
Playboy: Wakambowana chirango nekuda kwezvidavado zvakadaro?
Mabasa: Ndakadzingwa kuchikoro kakawanda.
Playboy: Tingati iwe "wakabatidzwa" pamakombiyuta?
Mabasa: Ndakaita chimwe chinhu uyezve chimwe. Paive nezvakawanda zvakapoteredza. Mushure mekuverenga Moby Dick kekutanga, ndakanyoresa makirasi ekunyora zvakare. Pakazosvika gore rangu rechikuru, ndakabvumirwa kupedza hafu yenguva yangu ndiri kuStanford ndichiteerera hurukuro.
Playboy: Wozniak aive nenguva dzekushushikana here?
Mabasa: [anoseka] Hungu, asi akanga asingangofungi nezvemakombiyuta. Ndinofunga kuti aigara mune imwe nyika yake isina ainzwisisa. Hapana aigovana zvaaifarira - aive pamberi penguva yake zvishoma. Aimbonzwa kusurukirwa. Anosundwa zvakanyanya nemafungiro ake emukati pamusoro penyika, uye kwete netarisiro yemumwe munhu, saka akakunda. Ini naWoz takasiyana munzira dzakawanda, asi takafanana mune dzimwe nzira uye tiri pedyo zvikuru. Isu takafanana nemapuraneti maviri ane nzira dzedu pachedu dzinopindirana nguva nenguva. Handisi kungotaura nezvemakomputa — ini naWoz tose taida nhetembo dzaBob Dylan uye taifunga nezvazvo zvakanyanya. Taigara muCalifornia - California yakazadzwa nemweya wekuyedza uye kuvhurika, kuvhurika kumikana mitsva.
Mukuwedzera kuna Dylan, ndaifarira miitiro yomudzimu yokuMabvazuva, yakanga ichangobva kusvika kunyika dzedu. Pandakanga ndiri paReed College muOregon, taiva nevanhu vaingomira-mira nguva dzose—Timothy Leary, Ram Dass, Gary Snyder. Taigara tichizvibvunza mibvunzo nezvechinangwa choupenyu. Panguva iyoyo, mudzidzi wese muAmerica aiverenga Be Here Now, Diet for a Small Planet, uye gumi nemaviri mamwe mabhuku akafanana. Iye zvino hauchavawana pamusasa masikati. Hazvina kunaka kana kuipa, zvangosiyana zvino. Nzvimbo yavo yakatorwa nebhuku rinonzi “In Search of Excellence.”
Playboy: Zvese izvi zvakubata sei nhasi?
Mabasa: Nguva yose iyi yakandikanganisa zvikuru. Zvaive pachena kuti makore makumi matanhatu aive kumashure kwedu, uye vazhinji vaifungidzira vaive vasina kuzadzisa zvinangwa zvavo. Sezvo vakanga vambosiya zvachose kurangwa, hapana nzvimbo yakakodzera yakawanikwa nokuda kwavo. Shamwari dzangu zhinji dzakaisa mukati memafungiro emakumi matanhatu, asi nazvo zvakare kuita, kuzeza kushanda muchitoro chekutenga pamakumi mana neshanu, sezvaiwanzoitika kune avo vakuru shamwari. Hazvirevi kuti iri ibasa risingakodzeri, kungoti kuita chimwe chinhu chisiri chaungade kunosuwisa.
Playboy: Mushure meReed, wakadzokera kuSilicon Valley uye wakapindura kune "Ita Mari Uchiri Kunakidzwa" ad iyo yakave yakakurumbira.
Mabasa: Rudyi. Ndaida kufamba, asi ndakanga ndisina mari yakakwana. Ndakadzoka kunotsvaga basa. Ndakanga ndakatarisa kushambadza mupepanhau uye mumwe wavo akati, "Ita mari uchinakidzwa." Ndakafona. Zvakabva zvaita Atari. Ndakanga ndisati ndamboshanda chero kupi zvako, kunze kwekunge ndichiri kuyaruka. Nechimwe chishamiso, vakandidaidza kubvunzurudzo zuva rakatevera ndokundipinza basa.
Playboy: Ino inofanira kunge iri nguva yekutanga yenhoroondo yeAtari.
Mabasa: Kunze kwangu kwaiva nevanhu vanenge makumi mana ikoko, kambani yacho yakanga iri duku zvikuru. Vakagadzira Pong nemimwe mitambo miviri. Ndakanzi ndibatsire mumwe mukomana ainzi Don. Akanga achigadzira mutambo webasketball unotyisa. Panguva imwecheteyo, mumwe munhu aive achigadzira hockey simulator. Nekuda kwekubudirira kunoshamisa kwePong, vakaedza kutevedzera mitambo yavo yese mushure memitambo yakasiyana.
Playboy: Panguva imwecheteyo, hauna kumbokanganwa nezvekukurudzira kwako - waida mari yekufamba.
Mabasa: Atari akambotumira kutakura kwemitambo kuEurope, uye zvakazoitika kuti yaive nehurema hweinjiniya. Ndakafunga kuti ndozvigadzirisa sei, asi zvaifanira kuitwa nemaoko - mumwe munhu aifanira kuenda kuEurope. Ndakazvipira kuenda ndokukumbira kuenda nemari yangu mushure merwendo rwebasa. Vakuru havana kuramba. Ndakashanyira Switzerland uye kubva ikoko ndakaenda kuNew Delhi uye ndakapedza nguva yakawanda muIndia.
Playboy: Hezvo wakagera musoro wako.
Mabasa: Zvakanga zvisina kudaro. Ndakanga ndichifamba nomumakomo eHimalaya uye netsaona ndakadzungaira mune rumwe rudzi rwomutambo worudzidziso. Paiva nababa - mukuru akarurama, musande wemutambo uyu - neboka guru revateveri vake. Ndakanzwa kunhuwa chikafu chinonaka. Izvi zvisati zvaitika, ndakanga ndisingakwanisi kunhuwa chero chinhu chinonaka kwenguva yakareba, saka ndakasarudza kumira nemutambo, kubhadhara ruremekedzo rwangu uye kuva nekudya.
Ndakadya masikati. Nokuda kwechimwe chikonzero, mukadzi uyu akabva auya kwandiri, ndokugara pedyo neni ndokuputika nokuseka. Akanga asingatombotauri chiRungu, ini ndaitaura chiHindi zvishoma, asi takanga tichiri kuedza kutaura. Akabva aseka hake. Akabva andibata ruoko ndokundizvuzvurudza tichikwidza nenzira yemugomo. Zvaisekesa - kwaive nemazana evaIndia vakatenderedza avo vaive vauya kubva kuzviuru zvemakiromita kure kuzopedza masekonzi gumi nemukomana uyu, uye ndakadzungaira ipapo ndichitsvaga chikafu, uye akabva andiendesa kumwe kumakomo.
Hafu yeawa gare gare takasvika pamusoro. Paive nekarukova kaiyerera ipapo - mukadzi uya akandinyika musoro mumvura, ndokutora badza ndokutanga kundigera. Ndakashamisika. Ndine makore 19, ndiri kune imwe nyika, kune imwe nzvimbo muHimalayas, uye imwe nyanzvi yeIndia iri kuveura musoro wangu pamusoro pegomo. Handisati ndanzwisisa kuti akazviitirei.
Source: www.habr.com