Ichi chikamu chechipiri chebvunzurudzo inosanganisirwa muanthology The Playboy Hurukuro: Moguls, iyo inosanganisirawo hurukuro naJeff Bezos, Sergey Brin, Larry Page, David Geffen nevamwe vazhinji.
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Playboy: Uri kubheja zvakanyanya paMacintosh. Zvinonzi kuguma kweApple kunoenderana nekubudirira kwayo kana kukundikana. Mushure mekusunungurwa kwaLisa neApple III, masheya eApple akadonha zvakanyanya, uye kune runyerekupe rwekuti Apple inogona kusararama.
Mabasa: Hongu, yakanga yakaoma. Taiziva kuti taifanira kuita chimwe chinhu chemashiripiti neMacintosh, kana zviroto zvedu zvezvigadzirwa kana kambani pachayo zvaisazomboitika.
Playboy: Matambudziko ako anga akakura sei? Apple yanga yakatarisana nekubhuroka?
Mabasa: Kwete, kwete, uye kwete. Muchokwadi, 1983, apo fungidziro dzese idzi dzaiitwa, raive gore rakabudirira zvikuru reApple. Muna 1983, isu takawedzera zvakapetwa kaviri mihoro yedu, kubva pamadhora mazana mashanu nemakumi masere nematatu kusvika pamadhora mazana mapfumbamwe nemakumi masere nematatu. Anenge ese ekutengesa aya aive maApple II, uye isu taida zvimwe. Dai iyo Macintosh isina kubva, tingadai tichiri pabhiriyoni-pa-gore rekutengesa Apple IIs uye nekusiyana kwavo.
Playboy: Zvino chii chakonzera kutaura nezvekudonha kwako?
Mabasa: IBM yakasimuka ndokutanga kutora. Vagadziri veSoftware vakatanga kushandura kuIBM. Vatengesi vakatanga kutaura nezve IBM zvakanyanya uye zvakanyanya. Zvaiva pachena kwatiri kuti Macintosh yaizogogodza munhu wese kunze, shandura iyo indasitiri yese. Ndiro raiva basa rawo. Dai Macintosh yakanga isina kubudirira, ndingadai ndakasiya nokuti ndakanga ndisina kururama pamusoro pemhizha.
Playboy: Makore mana apfuura, Apple III yaifanirwa kuve yakagadziridzwa, yakarongedzwa-up shanduro yeApple II, asi yaive flop. Iwe wakarangarira makombiyuta ekutanga e14, uye kunyange shanduro yakadzokororwa haina kubudirira. Yakawanda sei yawakarasikirwa nekuda kweApple III?
Mabasa: Zvinoshamisa, zvisingaverengeki zvakawanda. Ndinofunga kuti kana Apple III yakanga yakabudirira zvikuru, zvingadai zvakaomera IBM kupinda mumusika. Asi ndihwo hupenyu. Ndinofunga kuti chiitiko ichocho chatisimbisa zvikuru.
Playboy: Zvisineyi, Lisa aivewo akakundikana. Chii chakakanganisika?
Mabasa: Chokutanga pane zvose, kombiyuta yaidhura zvikuru, inenge gumi yakakura. Takanga tarasika kubva kumidzi yedu, takanganwa kuti taifanirwa kutengesera vanhu, uye takanga tatevera makambani makuru eFortune 500. Paive nemamwe matambudziko, kuburitsa kwainonoka, software haina kushanda nenzira yataida, saka takarasa simba. IBM yakanga ichiuya, pamwe nekunonoka kwedu kwemwedzi mitanhatu, pamwe nemutengo wakanyanya kukwira, pamwe nekumwe kukanganisa kwehurongwa, danho rekutengesa Lisa kuburikidza nenhamba shoma yevatengesi. Pakanga pane 150 kana kuti kupfuura avo, icho chakanga chiri chikanganiso chakashata kwatiri, uye zvakatikanganisa zvikuru. Takahaya vanhu vaifanirwa kunge vari nyanzvi dzekushambadzira uye manejimendi. Zvaiita senge zano rakanaka, asi indasitiri yedu idiki zvekuti maonero avo aive echinyakare uye akakanganisa kubudirira kwechirongwa.
Playboy: Kwaisava kushayiwa chivimbo here? "Tasvika apa, uye zvinhu zvave kuita serious. Tinoda kusimbiswa."
Mabasa: Rangarira, takanga tine makore 23-25. Takanga tisina ruzivo rworudzi urwu, saka pfungwa yacho yaiita seine musoro.
Playboy: Zvizhinji zvesarudzo, zvakanaka kana zvakaipa, ndezvako here?
Mabasa: Takaedza kuva nechokwadi chokuti zvisarudzo hazvina kumboitwa nomunhu mumwe chete. Panguva iyoyo, kambani yaitungamirirwa nevanhu vatatu: Mike Scott, Mike Markkula, neni. Nhasi, kune vanhu vaviri vari kutungamirira: Apple Mutungamiri John Sculley neni. Patakatanga, ndaiwanzobvunza vandaishanda navo vane ruzivo. Semutemo, vaive vakarurama. Mune zvimwe zvinhu zvakakosha, zvaive zvakakodzera kuita nzira yangu, uye zvingave zviri nani kune kambani.
Playboy: Waida kumhanya Lisa division. Markkula naScott (chaizvoizvo vakuru vako, kunyange iwe wakatora chikamu mukugadzwa kwavo) havana kukuona wakakodzera, handiti?
Mabasa: Mushure mekutsanangura pfungwa huru, kusarudza vatambi vakakosha uye kuronga nzira dzehunyanzvi, Scotty akasarudza kuti ndakanga ndisina ruzivo rwakakwana rweprojekiti yakadai. Zvakandirwadza - hapana imwe nzira yekuzvitaura.
Playboy: Wakambonzwa sekunge uri kurasikirwa neApple?
Mabasa: Zvikamu. Asi chakanyanya kuodza mwoyo ndechekuti chirongwa cheLisa chakaunza vanhu vazhinji vasina kugovera chiono chedu chepakutanga. Paiva nekukakavadzana kwakakomba pachikwata cheLisa pakati peavo vaida kuvaka chimwe chinhu chakaita seMacintosh nevaya vakabva kuHewlett-Packard nemamwe makambani uye vakauya nemazano pamusoro pemichina mikuru uye kutengesa kwekambani. Ndakasarudza kuti kukudziridza Macintosh, ndaizofanira kutora boka duku revanhu uye kudzokera shure - chaizvoizvo kudzokera kugaraji. Hatina kutorwa serious ipapo. Ndinofunga kuti Scotty aiedza kundinyaradza kana kundipuruzira.
Playboy: Asi iwe wakagadzira kambani iyi. Hauna kuvava here?
MabasaHazvibviri kutsamwira mwana wako.
Playboy: Nyangwe mwana uyu akati uende kugehena?
Mabasa:Handina kunzwa hasha. Kungosuwa kwakadzama nekushungurudzika. Asi ndakawana vanhu vepamusoro veApple - dai ndisina, kambani ingadai iri mudambudziko guru. Zvechokwadi, ava ndivo vanhu vane basa rekugadzira Macintosh. [anokwenya] Ingotarisa Mac.
Playboy: Hapasati pave nemafungiro akafanana. Mac akaunzwa neruzha rwakafanana nerwaLisa, asi purojekiti yekutanga haina kusimuka pakutanga.
Mabasa: Ichokwadi. Taiva netariro huru kuna Lisa, uye havana kukanda mapfumo pasi. Chinhu chakanyanya kuoma ndechekuti taiziva kuti Macintosh yaiuya, uye yakagadzirisa anenge matambudziko ose aLisa. Kwaiva kudzokera kumidzi yedu - kutengesa makombiyuta kuvanhu zvakare, kwete makambani. Takazvirova zvikuru - uye takagadzira komputa inotonhorera, yakanakisa zvachose.
Playboy: Iwe unofanirwa kupenga here kugadzira zvinhu zvinotonhorera?
Mabasa: Chaizvoizvo, chinhu chinonyanya kukosha mukugadzira inopenga inotonhorera chigadzirwa inzira pachayo, kudzidza zvinhu zvitsva, kugamuchira pfungwa nyowani uye kuramba zvekare. Asi hongu, vagadziri veMac vanopenga zvishoma.
Playboy: Chii chinopatsanura avo vane pfungwa dzinotonhorera kubva kune vanokwanisa kudzishandisa?
Mabasa: Ngatitore IBM semuenzaniso. Ko sei timu yeMac yakaita kuti Mac neIBM vagadzire PCjr? Isu tinofunga kuti Mac ichatengesa nenhamba huru kwazvo, asi isu hatina kuzvivakira mumwe munhu. Takazvivakira isu. Ini nechikwata changu taida kuzvisarudzira kuti zvakanaka here kana kuti kwete. Takanga tisiri kuzoongorora musika. Taingoda kugadzira komputa yakanakisa yataigona. Fungidzira uri muvezi ari kuvaka kabati yakaisvonaka. Iwe hausi kuzogadzira kumashure kwayo kubva kune yakachipa plywood, kunyangwe ichizogara pamadziro uye hapana anozombozviona. Iwe uchaziva zvirimo, uye iwe uchashandisa matanda akanakisisa. Iyo aesthetics uye mhando inofanirwa kuve yepamusoro-notch, kana iwe haugone kurara husiku.
Playboy: Uri kuti vagadziri vePCjr havadada nehuchenjeri hwavo?
Mabasa: Dai zviri izvo, vangadai vasina kuiburitsa. Zviri pachena kwandiri kuti vakazvigadzira zvichibva pakutsvagisa mune imwe musika chikamu cheimwe mhando yemutengi, uye vaifunga kuti vatengi vese ivavo vaizomhanya kuchitoro vovaitira matani emari. Ndiko kurudziro yakasiyana zvachose. Chikwata cheMac chaida kuvaka komputa huru kwazvo munhoroondo yevanhu.
Playboy: Sei vanhu vazhinji vari muindasitiri yemakomputa vachishanda vadiki? Avhareji yezera remushandi weApple i29.
Mabasa: Tsika iyi inoshanda kune chero nzvimbo nyowani, dzekuchinja. Sezvo vanhu vachikura, vanova neshungu. Uropi hwedu hwakafanana nemakomputa emagetsi. Pfungwa dzako dzinogadzira mapatani akafanana nechikafu. Vanhu vazhinji vanonamira mumatanho akajairwa uye vanoramba vachifamba chete pavari, senge tsono yemutambi werekodhi inofamba mumikoto yerekodhi. Vashoma vanhu vanogona kusiya nzira yavo yenguva dzose yekutarisa zvinhu uye kugadzira nzira nyowani. Kashoma kuona muimbi ane makore anopfuura makumi matatu kana makumi mana achigadzira mabasa anoshamisa zvechokwadi. Zvechokwadi, kune vanhu vane chido chekuda kuziva chinovabvumira kuramba vari vana nokusingaperi, asi izvi hazviwanzoitiki.
Playboy: Vaverengi vedu makumi mana-chimwe chinhu vachakoshesa mazwi ako. Ngatiendererei kune imwe nyaya inowanzotaurwa maererano neApple - kambani, kwete komputa. Inomutsa mauri pfungwa imwechete yemesiya, handiti?
Mabasa: Ndinonzwa sekunge tiri kushandura nzanga munzira dzakawanda kupfuura makomputa chete. Ini ndinofunga Apple ine mukana wekuve Fortune 500 kambani nekupera 'XNUMXs kana kutanga'XNUMXs. Makore gumi kana gumi nemashanu apfuura, dai wanga uchigadzira rondedzero yemakambani mashanu anonyanya kufadza muUnited States, ruzhinji rungadai rwakasanganisira Polaroid neXerox. Vari kupi nhasi? Chii chakaitika kwavari? Kana makambani anova hofori dzemabhiriyoni emadhora, vanorasikirwa nechiono chavo. Vanotanga kugadzira mitsara pakati pevatariri uye vanhu vanonyatsoita basa. Vanomira kuda zvinhu zvavo. Vagadziri chaivo, vanhu vane hanya, vanofanirwa kupfuura nematanho mashanu ekutungamira kuti vaite zvavanofunga kuti ndizvo zvakanaka.
Mazhinji makambani haakwanise kuchengetedza vanhu vakangwara munzvimbo umo budiriro yemunhu inoodzwa mwoyo uye kunyange kusekwa. Ivo vanobva, uye mediocrity inoramba iripo. Ndinoziva izvi nekuti Apple yakavakwa nenzira iyoyo. Kufanana neEllis Island, takagamuchira vapoteri kubva kune mamwe makambani. Kune mamwe makambani, vanhu vakajeka ava vaionekwa sevapanduki uye mhirizhonga.
Munoziva, Dr. Edwin Land vaive mupanduki zvakare. Akasiya Harvard uye akatanga Polaroid. Nyika yakanga isiri imwe yevagadziri vakuru venguva yedu - akaona paipindirana hunyanzvi, sainzi, uye bhizinesi, uye akatanga sangano raizoratidza mharadzano iyoyo. Polaroid akazviita kwechinguva, asi ipapo Dr. Land, mumwe wevapanduki vakuru, akakumbirwa kusiya kambani yake - chimwe chezvisarudzo zvakapusa zvandakamboita. Saka pa75, Nyika yakapinda musainzi chaiyo - akapedza hupenyu hwake hwese achiedza kugadzirisa chakavanzika chekuona kwemavara. Murume uyu ipfuma yenyika. Handinzwisise kuti sei vanhu vakaita saiye vasingapembererwe. Vanhu vakaita saiye vakatonhorera kupfuura vazivi vemuchadenga uye nyeredzi dzenhabvu, hapana anotonhorera kuvapfuura.
Muchidimbu, rimwe remabasa makuru ayo ini naJohn Sculley tichazotongwa mumakore mashanu kana gumi nderekushandura Apple kuita kambani hombe ine mutengo wemadhora gumi kana makumi maviri emadhora. Icharamba iine mafungiro emazuva ano here? Tiri kuzviitira ndima itsva. Iko hakuna mimwe mienzaniso yekuvimba nayo - kwete maererano nekukura, kana maererano nekutsva kwesarudzo dzekutonga. Saka tichafanira kuzvifambira zvedu.
Playboy: Kana Apple iri chaizvo yakasarudzika, nei ichida kukura makumi maviri? Wadii kugara uri kambani diki?
Mabasa: Indasitiri yedu yakarongwa nenzira yekuti kuti tirambe tiri mumwe wevatambi vakuru, tichafanirwa kuita kambani inoita mabhiriyoni gumi emadhora. Kukura kunodiwa kuti urambe uchikwikwidza. Izvi ndizvo zvinotinetsa, muganho wemari pachawo hauna basa.
Vashandi veApple vanoshanda maawa gumi nemasere pazuva. Tiri kuvaka boka rakakosha revanhu - vanhu vasingade kumirira makore mashanu kana gumi kuti mumwe munhu aise njodzi kwavari. Vanhu vanoda zvechokwadi kuwana zvakawanda uye vanosiya chiratidzo munhoroondo. Tinoziva kuti tiri kuvaka chimwe chinhu chakakosha uye chakakosha. Isu tiri pakutanga kwerwendo, uye tinokwanisa kusarudza nzira yedu pachedu. Mumwe nemumwe wedu anonzwa sekunge tiri kushandura ramangwana izvozvi. Vanhu ndivo, pamwoyo wavo, vatengi. Iwe neni hatigadziri zvipfeko zvedu, hatirime chikafu chedu, tinotaura mutauro wakagadzirwa nemumwe munhu, uye tinoshandisa masvomhu akagadzirwa kare. Kashoma kuti tipe nyika chimwe chinhu pachedu. Iye zvino ndiwo mukana wedu. Uye kwete, hatizive kuti ichatisvitsa kupi - asi tinoziva kuti isu tiri chikamu chechimwe chinhu chikuru kupfuura isu.
Playboy: Wati zvakakosha kuti utore musika webhizinesi neMacintosh. Unogona kurova IBM munhandare iyoyo?
Mabasa: Ehe. Musika uyu wakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zvakawanda. Ndinoda kufunga kuti hakuna Fortune 500 chete, asiwo Fortune 5000000 kana Fortune 14000000. Kune mabhizimisi madiki anosvika mamiriyoni gumi nemana munyika muno. Ndinofunga kuti vashandi vakawanda vemakambani maduku uye epakati-kati vanoda makombiyuta ekushanda. Tichavapa mhinduro dzakanaka gore rinouya, 14.
Playboy: Zvipi?
Mabasa: Maitiro edu ndeekutarisa zvikwata, kwete mabhizinesi. Tinoda kuita shanduko yemhando mukuita kwavo basa. Hazvina kukwana kuti isu tivabatsire kutaipa mazwi kana kuwedzera nhamba nekukurumidza. Tinoda kushandura nzira yavanodyidzana nayo. Mapeji mashanu memos akatsikirirwa kune rimwe peji nekuti unogona kushandisa mufananidzo kuratidza pfungwa huru. Mapepa mashoma, kutaurirana kwakanaka. Uye zvinonakidza zvikuru. Nokuda kwechimwe chikonzero, kwagara kuine stereotype yekuti kunyange vanhu vanofara uye vanofarira vanoshanduka kuva marobhoti akaoma kubasa. Ichi hachisi chokwadi zvachose. Kana tikakwanisa kuunza uyu mweya wemahara kune yakakomba nyika yebhizinesi, ichave mupiro unokosha. Zvakaoma kunyange kufungidzira kuti izvi zvichasvika papi.
Playboy: Asi muchikamu chebhizinesi, uri kupesana nezita chairo IBM. Vanhu vanosanganisa IBM nekubudirira uye kugadzikana. Mumwe mutambi mutsva munzvimbo yekombuta, AT&T, iri kurodzawo mazino ayo pauri. Apple ikambani yechidiki ingaite senge isina kuedzwa kune vangangove vatengi, makambani makuru.
Mabasa: Macintosh ichatibatsira kupinda muchikamu chebhizinesi. IBM inoshanda nemabhizinesi pamusimboti we "kumusoro pasi". Kuti tibudirire, tinofanira kuenda nenzira yakapesana, tichitangira panhanho dzepasi. Ini ndichatsanangura ndichishandisa muenzaniso wekuisa network - hatifanire kubatanidza makambani ese kamwechete, sezvinoita IBM, asi tarisa pazvikwata zvidiki zvebasa.
Playboy: Imwe nyanzvi yakati kuti indasitiri ibudirire uye mushandisi wekupedzisira abatsirike, panofanirwa kuve nechiyero chimwe chete.
Mabasa: Izvi hazvisi zvechokwadi. Kutaura kuti tinoda chiyero chimwe chete nhasi kwakafanana nekutaura muna 1920 kuti tinoda rudzi rumwe rwemotokari. Tingadai tisina kuona otomatiki transmissions, power steering, kana yakazvimirira kumiswa. Chekupedzisira chatinofanira kuita kuomesa tekinoroji. Macintosh shanduko munyika yemakomputa. Hapana mubvunzo kuti tekinoroji yeMacintosh inopfuura IBM tekinoroji. IBM inoda imwe nzira.
Playboy: Sarudzo yako yekusaita komputa IBM-inoenderana nekuda kwekusada kwako kupfugamira mukwikwidzi? Mumwe mutsoropodzi anotenda kuti chikonzero chega chekuzvikudza kwako ndechekuti Steve Jobs ari kuudza IBM kuti iende kugehena.
Mabasa: Kwete, hatina kuedza kuratidza hurume hwedu kuburikidza nehunhu.
Playboy: Saka chikonzero chii?
Mabasa: Nharo huru ndeyekuti tekinoroji yatakagadzira yakanyanya kunaka. Zvaisazove zvakanaka kudai yaive IBM-inoenderana. Ehe, isu hatidi kuti IBM itonge indasitiri yedu, ichokwadi. Vanhu vazhinji vaifunga kuti kugadzira komputa isingaenderane neIBM kwaive kupenga chaiko. Kambani yedu yakatora danho iri nekuda kwezvikonzero zviviri zvakakosha. Yokutanga - uye zvinoratidzika kuti hupenyu huri kuratidza kuti takarurama - ndezvokuti zviri nyore "kuvhara" IBM, kuparadza makambani anoita makombiyuta anoenderana.
Chechipiri uye chinonyanya kukosha ndechekuti kambani yedu inotungamirirwa nemaonero akakosha echigadzirwa chatinogadzira. Isu tinotenda kuti makomputa ndiwo maturusi anokatyamadza akambogadzirwa nemunhu, uye vanhu vanonyanya kushandisa maturusi. Izvi zvinoreva kuti nekupa vanhu vazhinji, vazhinji nemakomputa, tichaita shanduko yemhando yepamusoro munyika. PaApple, tinoda kuita kuti komputa ive yakajairika mudziyo wemumba uye kuisuma kumakumi emamiriyoni evanhu. Ndizvo zvatinoda. Hatina kukwanisa kuzadzisa chinangwa ichi neiyo IBM tekinoroji, saka taifanira kugadzira chimwe chinhu chedu. Ndiyo nzira yakazvarwa Macintosh.
Playboy: Muna 1981-1983, chikamu chako chemusika wekombuta chadonha kubva pa29 kusvika 23 muzana. Chikamu cheIBM chakasimuka kubva pa3 kusvika pa29 muzana panguva imwe cheteyo. Iwe unopindura sei kune manhamba?
Mabasa: Hatina kumboita hanya nenhamba. Apple inoisa kukoshesa kune zvigadzirwa, nokuti chigadzirwa ndicho chinhu chinonyanya kukosha. IBM inoisa kukoshesa kwesevhisi, rutsigiro, chengetedzo, mainframes, uye kunenge kuchengetwa kwaamai. Makore matatu apfuura, Apple yakaona kuti zvaisaita kupa amai imwe neimwe yemakomputa emamiriyoni gumi anotengeswa pagore - kunyangwe IBM haina vanaamai vakawanda kudaro. Saka humai hunofanira kuvakwa mukombuta pachayo. Ndicho chikamu chikuru cheizvo Macintosh iri pamusoro.
Izvo zvese zvinouya pasi kuApple kurwisa IBM. Kana nekuda kwechimwe chikonzero tikaita zvikanganiso zvinouraya uye IBM ikahwina, ndine chokwadi kuti makore makumi maviri anotevera achange ari mazera erima ekombuta. Kamwe IBM yatora chikamu chemusika, hunyanzvi hunomira. IBM muvengi wekuvandudza.
Playboy: Sei?
Mabasa: Ngatitorei kambani inonakidza seFrito-Lay. Inoita maodha anopfuura zviuru mazana mashanu pasvondo. Chitoro chega chega chine Frito-Lay stand, uye makuru ane akati wandei. Dambudziko guru raFrito-Lay rakarasika zvekutengesa, zvinova zvakashata machipisi. Vane, vanoti, zviuru gumi zvevashandi vanomhanya-mhanya vachitsiva machipisi akaipa neakanaka. Vanotaura nevatungamiriri uye vanova nechokwadi chekuti zvese zvakanaka. Rudzi irworwo rwesevhisi nerutsigiro runovapa chikamu che80 muzana chese chikamu chemusika chip. Hapana anogona kumira pamberi pavo. Chero bedzi vachiramba vachiita basa iroro nemazvo, hapana achatora 80 muzana yemusika nekuti havana vatengesi vakakwana uye matekiniki. Havakwanise kuvapinza basa nekuti havana mari. Havana mari nekuti havana 80 percent yemusika. Iko kubata-22. Hapana anogona kuzunungusa hofori iyoyo.
Frito-Lay haidi kugadzira zvakawanda. Inongotarisa zviri kuitwa nevanogadzira chip, inodzidza kwegore, uyezve gore kana maviri gare gare inobuda nechigadzirwa chakafanana, ichichipa rutsigiro rwakakwana, uye inowana yakafanana 80 muzana yemusika mutsva.
IBM iri kuita chinhu chimwe chete. Tarisa iyo mainframe chikamu - kubvira IBM yakatanga kutonga iyo chikamu makore gumi nemashanu apfuura, hutsva hwakatomira. Chinhu chimwe chete chichaitika mune chimwe chikamu chemusika wekombuta kana iwe ukarega IBM ichiisa maoko pairi. Iyo IBM PC haina kuunza chero tekinoroji nyowani kuindasitiri. Ingori repackage uye yakagadziridzwa zvishoma Apple II, uye ivo vanoda kutora pamusoro pemusika wese nayo. Ivo zvechokwadi vanoda musika wese.
Kunyangwe isu tichida kana kwete, musika unoenderana nemakambani maviri chete. Ini handizvide, asi zvese zvinoenderana neApple neIBM.
Playboy: Ungave sei nechokwadi kana indasitiri iri kuchinja nekukurumidza? Macintosh iri pamiromo yemunhu wese zvino, asi chii chichaitika mumakore maviri? Hakusi kupokanidza here uzivi hwako? Uri kuyedza kutora nzvimbo yeIBM, hapana here makambani madiki anoda kutora nzvimbo yeApple?
Mabasa: Kana tikataura zvakananga nezvekutengesa komputa, zvese zviri mumaoko eApple neIBM. Ini handifunge kuti chero munhu achatora nzvimbo yechitatu, yechina, yechitanhatu kana yechinomwe. Vazhinji vadiki, makambani ehunyanzvi anonyanya kuita software. Ndinofunga tinogona kutarisira kubudirira kubva kwavari mumunda wesoftware, asi kwete mumunda wehardware.
Playboy: IBM inogona kutaura chinhu chimwe chete nezve Hardware, asi hauzovakanganwira nazvo. Chii chakasiyana?
Mabasa: Ndinofunga chikamu chedu chebhizinesi chakura zvekuti zvichanetsa kuti chero munhu atange chimwe chinhu chitsva.
Playboy: Ko makambani emabhiriyoni emadhora haachazvarirwe mumagaraji here?
Mabasa: Komputa - kwete, ndinokahadzika zvakanyanya. Izvi zvinoisa basa rakakosha paApple - kana isu tichitarisira hunyanzvi kubva kune chero munhu, saka kubva kwatiri chete. Iyi ndiyo nzira chete yatingarwa nayo. Kana tikamhanya zvakaringana, havangatibate.
Playboy: Iwe unofunga kuti IBM ichapedzisira "kuvhara" riini makambani anogadzira IBM-anoenderana makomputa?
Mabasa: Panogona kunge paine macopycats muiyo $100-200 miriyoni renji, asi izvo zvinoreva kuti uri kunetseka kuti urarame uye haugone kugadzira. Ini ndinofunga IBM ichauraya ma copycats nesoftware yaasina, uye pakupedzisira aunza mwero mutsva usingaenderane nemazuva ano mwero - wakanyanya kushomeka.
Playboy: Asi wakaita zvimwe chetezvo. Kana munhu aine zvirongwa zveApple II, haakwanise kumhanyisa paMacintosh.
Mabasa: Ndizvozvo, Mac chinhu chitsva chose. Isu taiziva kuti taigona kukwezva vanhu vanofarira mairi nehunyanzvi huripo - iyo Apple II, iyo IBM PC - nekuti vangadai vachiri vakagara pamusoro pekombuta masikati neusiku vachiedza kuibata. Asi vanhu vazhinji vaizoramba vari kure nesu.
Kuti tiise makomputa mumaoko emakumi emamiriyoni evanhu, taida tekinoroji yaizoita kuti makomputa ave nyore kushandisa uye panguva imwe chete awedzere simba. Taida budiriro. Taida kuita zvese zvataigona nekuti Macintosh waigona kunge uri mukana wedu wekupedzisira kutanga patsva. Ndafara zvikuru nezvataita. Iyo Macintosh ichatipa hwaro hwakanaka hwemakore gumi anotevera.
Playboy: Ngatidzokere kumidzi, kune vakatangira Lisa uye Mac, kusvika pakutanga. Vabereki vako vakapesvedzera zvakadii kufarira kwako makomputa?
Mabasa: Vakakurudzira kufarira kwangu. Baba vangu vaive makanika uye shasha nemaoko avo. Aigona kugadzirisa chero mudziyo upi noupi. Ndiko kwakava kutanga kusunda kwangu. Ndakatanga kufarira zvemagetsi, uye akatanga kundiunzira zvinhu zvandaigona kubvisa ndokugadzirisa. Akachinjirwa kuPalo Alto pandaiva nemakore mashanu, uye ndizvo zvakaita kuti tive muMupata.
Playboy: Wakarerwa, handiti? Izvozvo zvakakanganisa upenyu hwako zvakadini?
Mabasa: Zvakaoma kutaura. Ndiani anoziva.
Playboy: Wakamboedza kutsvaga vabereki vako vokubereka here?
Mabasa: Ndinofunga kuti ndezvemuzvarirwo kuti vana vakarerwa nevabereki vasiri vavo vafarire kwavakabva - vakawanda vanoda kunzwisisa kuti humwe unhu hunobva kupi. Asi ndinofunga kuti nharaunda ndiyo yekutanga. Kurerwa kwako, tsika dzako, maonero ako enyika zvakabva pauduku. Asi zvimwe zvinhu hazvigone kutsanangurwa nemhoteredzo. Ndinofunga kuti ndezvemuzvarirwo kufarira izvozvo. Ndaive nayowo.
Playboy: Wakakwanisa kuwana vabereki vako chaivo here?
Mabasa:Ndiyo chete nyaya yandisina kugadzirira kukurukura.
Playboy: Mupata wawakatamira nevabereki vako wava kunzi Silicon Valley. Kukura ikoko kwaiva kwakadii?
Mabasa: Taigara kumasabhabhu. Yaive yakajairika sabhubhu yeAmerica - pakanga paine vana vazhinji vaigara pedyo nesu. Mai vangu vakandidzidzisa kuverenga ndisati ndaenda kuchikoro, saka ndakabhoikana ipapo uye ndakatanga kutyisidzira vadzidzisi. Maifanira kuona giredhi redu rechitatu, takazvibata zvinosemesa – takaburitsa nyoka, mabhomba akaputika. Asi ndatove mugiredhi rechina, zvese zvakachinja. Imwe yengirozi dzangu dzaindichengeta aiva mudzidzisi wangu Imogen Hill, aidzidzisa kosi yepamusoro. Akandifungira uye nemamiriro angu mumwedzi chete uye akabatidza mandiri chido chekuziva. Ndakadzidza zvinhu zvitsva zvakawanda mugore iroro rechikoro kupfuura mune rimwe ripi neripi. Pakupera kwegore vakatomboda kundiendesa kusekondari asi vabereki vangu vakachenjera vairamba.
Playboy: Nzvimbo yawaigara yakakukanganisawo here? Silicon Valley yakavapo sei?
Mabasa: Mupata uyu uri pakati pemayunivhesiti maviri makuru, Berkeley neStanford. Aya mayunivhesiti haangokwezva vadzidzi vazhinji - anokwezva vadzidzi vakawanda vakanaka kubva kumativi ese enyika. Vanouya, vanowira murudo nenzvimbo, uye vogara. Kuwanda kunogara kuchiuya kwevanhu vatsva, vane tarenda.
Hondo Yenyika II isati yasvika, vaviri vakapedza kudzidza kuStanford, Bill Hewlett naDave Packard, vakatanga kambani yeHewlett-Packard. Zvino, muna 1948, bipolar transistor yakagadzirwa paBell Telephone Laboratories. Mumwe wevatatu mubatanidzwa, William Shockley, akasarudza kudzokera kumusha kwake Palo Alto kuti atange kambani yake diki - Shockley Labs, ndinofunga. Akaenda naye vangangosvika gumi nevaviri vefizikisi nemakemikari, vanhu vakatanhamara vechizvarwa chavo. Zvishoma nezvishoma vakabva vatanga kupatsanuka ndokutanga makambani avo, semhodzi dzemaruva nesora dzakapararira kumativi ose paunofuridzira pamusoro pazvo. Saka Mupata wakazvarwa.
Playboy: Wakatanga sei kuziva komputa?
Mabasa: Mumwe wevavakidzani vedu aiva Larry Lang, aishanda sainjiniya paHewlett-Packard. Akapedza nguva yakawanda neni, achindidzidzisa zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana. Ndakatanga kuona komputa kuHewlett-Packard. Chipiri chega chega vaive neboka revana uye ngatishandisei komputa. Ndakanga ndava nemakore anenge gumi nemaviri, uye ndinorangarira zuva iroro zvakanaka kwazvo. Vakatiratidza kombiyuta yavo itsva uye vakatirega tichitamba nayo. Ndakabva ndatoda mumwe wangu.
Playboy: Chii chaunofarira mukombuta? Wakamboona here zvingaita mariri?
Mabasa: Hapana chakakosha, ndangofunga kuti komputa yaive yakanaka. Ndaida kufara nazvo.
Playboy: Gare gare wakatoshanda kuHewlett-Packard, zvakaitika sei?
Mabasa: Pandakanga ndava nemakore gumi nemaviri kana gumi nematatu, ndaida zvikamu zvepurojekiti. Ndakatora nhare ndokufonera Bill Hewlett, nhamba dzake dzaive mubhuku renhare rePalo Alto. Akapindura uye aive akanaka chaizvo. Takataura kwenguva ingangoita maminitsi makumi maviri. Akanga asingambondizivi, asi akanditumira zvikamu zvacho ndokundikoka kuti ndishande muchirimo, achindiisa pamutsetse wegungano, ndichigadzira mafrequency counters. Pamwe "building" ishoko rakasimba, ndanga ndichitenderedza screws. Asi zvakanga zvisina basa, ndakanga ndiri kudenga.
Ndinoyeuka zuva rangu rokutanga pabasa, ndichifara zvikuru—ndakanga ndapinzwa basa naHewlett-Packard muchirimo. Ndakanga ndichifara kuudza mukuru wangu, mukomana anonzi Chris, kuti ndaida zvemagetsi kupfuura chero chinhu chiri munyika. Pandakamubvunza kuti chii chaaida zvakanyanya, Chris akanditarisa ndokuti," Bonde."anoseka] Chave chirimo chedzidzo.
Playboy: Wakasangana sei naSteve Wozniak?
Mabasa: Ndakasangana naVoz ndiine makore gumi nematatu mugaraji reshamwari. Aiva nemakore angangoita gumi nemasere. Ndiye munhu wandakatanga kuziva ainzwisisa zvemagetsi kupfuura ini. Takava shamwari huru nekuda kwekufarira kwataiita makomputa uye kuseka. Tisina kusimuka!
Playboy: Semuyenzaniso?
Mabasa: [anoseka] Hapana chino shamisira. Semuenzaniso, vakagadzira mureza muhombe nehofori [inoratidza chigunwe chepakati]. Taida kuitumira pakati pemhemberero yekupedza kudzidza. Imwe nguva, Wozniak akavaka chimwe chigadzirwa chekumaka chaiita sebhomba ndokuchiunza kuimba yekudyira yechikoro. Takavakawo mabhokisi eblue pamwe chete.
Playboy: Aya ndiwo maturusi asiri pamutemo anogona kushandiswa kufonera kure?
Mabasa: Ndizvozvo. Pane nyaya yakakurumbira pamusoro pavo apo Woz akadana Vatican uye akazvizivisa saHenry Kissinger. Pope akamutswa pakati pehusiku ndipo pava paye ndipo pavakazoona kuti kwaive kutamba.
Playboy: Wakambopinda munyatwa nekuda kwezvidavado zvakadaro?
Mabasa: Ndakadzingwa chikoro kakawanda.
Playboy: Ungati waive wakabatikana nemakomputa here?
Mabasa: Ndanga ndichiita chinhu chimwe pashure pechimwe. Paive nezvakawanda zvaiitika. Mushure mekunge ndaverenga Moby-Dick kekutanga, ndakasaina makirasi ekunyora ekunyora zvakare. Pakuzosvika gore rangu rechikuru, ndakabvumirwa kupedza hafu yenguva yangu ndiri kuStanford ndichipa hurukuro.
Playboy: Wozniak aive nenguva dzekushushikana here?
Mabasa: [anoseka] Hongu, asi ainyanya kufunga nezvemakombiyuta chete. Ndinofunga aive munyika yake ega isina ainzwisisa. Hapana akagovera zvaaifarira - akanga ari mberi zvishoma kwenguva yake. Aisurukirwa chaizvo dzimwe nguva. Aisundwa zvakanyanya nemafungiro ake emukati pamusoro penyika, kwete netarisiro yemumwe munhu, saka akawana. Ini naWoz takasiyana munzira dzakawanda, asi nedzimwe nzira takafanana uye tiri pedyo zvikuru. Isu takafanana nemapuraneti maviri ane nzira dzedu pachedu dzinopindirana nguva nenguva. Uye hazvisi zvemakomputa chete - Woz neni tose taida nhetembo yaBob Dylan uye takafunga nezvazvo zvakanyanya. Taigara muCalifornia - California ndeyeyedzo uye yakavhurika, yakavhurika kune mitsva mikana.
Kunze kwaDylan, ndaifarira tsika dzekunamata dzekuMabvazuva, dzaingosvika munharaunda yedu. Pandakanga ndiri kuReed College muOregon, taiva nevanhu vaiuya kwatiri nguva dzese - Timothy Leary, Ram Dass, Gary Snyder. Taigara tichizvibvunza mibvunzo nezvechinangwa choupenyu. Panguva iyoyo, mudzidzi wese muAmerica aiverenga Be Here Now, Diet for a Small Planet, uye gumi nemaviri mamwe mabhuku akadaro. Iye zvino haugone kuvawana pamusasa. Izvo hazvina kunaka kana zvakaipa, zvakangosiyana. Mukutsvaga Kukwana kwatora nzvimbo yavo.
Playboy: Zvese izvi zvakakukanganisa sei nhasi?
Mabasa: Nguva yose iyoyo yakandikanganisa zvikuru. Zvaive pachena kuti makumi matanhatu aive kumashure kwedu, uye vazhinji vevanofungidzira vakatadza kuzadzisa zvinangwa zvavo. Nokuti vakanga vasiya zvachose kurangwa, pakanga pasisina nzvimbo yavo. Shamwari dzangu zhinji dzakanga dzatora fungidziro yemakore makumi matanhatu, asiwo kuita, kusada kushanda pakaunda yekubhadhara pamakumi mana neshanu, sezvaiwanzoitwa nevamwe vavo vakuru. Hazvirevi kuti hazvina kukodzera, asi zvinosiririsa zvikuru kuita zvausingadi kuita.
Playboy: Mushure meReed, wakadzokera kuSilicon Valley ndokupindura kune inozivikanwa zvino "Ita Mari Uchiri Kunakidzwa" ad.
Mabasa: Rudyi. Ndaida kufamba asi mari ndakanga ndisina. Ndakadzoka kunotsvaga basa. Ndakanga ndakatarisa zviziviso mupepa, uye mumwe wavo akati, "Ita mari paunenge uchinakidzwa." Ndakafona. Zvakabva zvaita Atari. Ndakanga ndisati ndamboshanda chero kupi zvako - kunze kwekunge ndichiri kuyaruka. Sezvinei, vakandidaidza kuti ndizobvunzurudzwa mangwana acho ndokundipinza basa.
Playboy: Ino inofanira kunge iri nguva yekutanga yenhoroondo yeAtari.
Mabasa: Paiva nevanhu vanenge makumi mana ikoko kunze kwangu, kambani yakanga iri duku zvikuru. Vakaita Pong nemimwe mitambo miviri. Ndakanzi ndibatsire mumwe mukomana ainzi Don. Akanga achiita mutambo webasketball unotyisa. Panguva imwecheteyo, mumwe munhu aigadzira hockey simulator. Nekuda kwekubudirira kunoshamisa kwePong, vaiyedza kutevedzera mitambo yavo yese mushure memitambo yakasiyana.
Playboy: Panguva imwecheteyo, hauna kumbokanganwa nezvekukurudzira kwako - waida mari yekufamba.
Mabasa: Atari akambotumira batch yemitambo kuEurope, uye zvakazoitika kuti vaive nezvikanganiso zveinjiniya. Ndakafunga kuti ndingazvigadzirisa sei, asi zvaifanira kuitwa nemaoko - mumwe munhu aifanira kuenda kuEurope. Ndakazvipira kuti ndiende ndikakumbira kupihwa mari yezororo mushure merwendo. Vakuru havana kuramba. Ndakashanyira Switzerland, uye kubva ikoko ndakaenda kuNew Delhi ndokupedza nguva yakati kuti ndiri muIndia.
Playboy: Hezvo wakagera musoro wako.
Mabasa: Zvakanga zvisina kudaro. Ndakanga ndichifamba mumakomo eHimalaya uye ndakangoerekana ndasangana nemutambo wechitendero. Paiva nababa - harahwa yakarurama, mutsigiri wemutambo uyu - neboka guru revateveri vavo. Ndakanzwa kunhuwa chikafu chinonaka. Ndakanga ndisati ndambonzwa munhuwi wezvinonaka, saka ndakasarudza kupinda pamutambo wacho, ndipe ruremekedzo rwangu, uye ndimbodya hangu.
Ndaiva nekudya kwemasikati. Nekuda kwechikonzero baba ava vakabva vauya kwandiri ndokugara padivi pangu vachibva vaseka zvavo. Aisagona kutaura chiRungu, ini ndaitaura chiHindi zvishoma, asi takanga tichiri kuedza kutaura. Aingoseka zvake. Akabva andibata ruoko ndokundikwidza nenzira yemugomo. Zvaisekesa - kwaive nemazana emaIndia akange auya zviuru zvemamaira kuzongopedza masekonzi gumi nemurume uyu, uye ndakadzungaira ndichitsvaga chikafu, uye akabva angonditungamira kune imwe nzvimbo mumakomo.
Hafu yeawa gare gare takasvika pamusoro. Paive nekarukova kaiyerera ipapo – mukadzi uya akanyika musoro wangu mumvura, akatora badza ndokutanga kundigera. Ndakashamisika. Ndakanga ndine makore 19 okukura, ndakanga ndiri kune imwe nyika, kune imwe nzvimbo muHimalayas, uye imwe nyanzvi yokuIndia yakanga ichiveura musoro wangu pamusoro pegomo. Handisati ndanzwisisa kuti sei akazviitira.
Source: www.habr.com
